Jump to content

Al Gore

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Classicfilms (talk | contribs) at 13:55, 24 June 2008 (→Other presidential elections: combine). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

For his father, also a US Senator, see Albert Gore, Sr.
Further information: Electoral history of Al Gore
Albert Arnold Gore, Jr.
45th Vice President of the United States
In office
January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001
PresidentBill Clinton
Preceded byDan Quayle
Succeeded byDick Cheney
Incumbent
Assumed office
November 7, 2000
Preceded byBill Clinton
Succeeded byJohn Kerry
United States Senator
from Tennessee
In office
January 3, 1985 – January 2, 1993
Preceded byHoward Baker
Succeeded byHarlan Mathews
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Tennessee's 6th district
In office
January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1985
Preceded byRobin Beard
Succeeded byBart Gordon
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Tennessee's 4th district
In office
January 3, 1977 – January 3, 1983
Preceded byJoe L. Evins
Succeeded byJim Cooper
Personal details
Born (1948-03-31) March 31, 1948 (age 77)
Washington, D.C.
Political partyDemocratic
SpouseMary Elizabeth "Tipper" A. Gore
Children4
Alma materHarvard University, Vanderbilt University
Signature
Websitealgore.com
Military service
Branch/serviceUnited States Army
Years of service1969 - 1971
RankPrivate; Journalist [1]
Unit20th Engineer Brigade
Battles/warsVietnam War


Albert Arnold Gore, Jr. (born March 31, 1948) is an American environmental activist, author, and businessperson. He is also a former journalist and politician.

Gore was involved in American politics for over three decades, serving in the U. S. House of Representatives (1977–85), in the U. S. Senate (1985–93) (representing Tennessee), and as the forty-fifth Vice President of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton. During this period, Gore introduced legislation and policies to develop what he called "The Information Superhighway" (most notably, the High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991 which led to the creation of the National Information Infrastructure). He received a Webby Award for this work in 2005. [2][3] In 2000, Gore was the Democratic nominee for president in the presidential election. He won the popular vote but ultimately lost to Republican candidate George W. Bush. A legal controversy over the Florida election recount was eventually settled in favor of Bush by the Supreme Court.[4]

In 2007, Gore was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (together with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) for "efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change."[5] He is also the author of the 2006 text, An Inconvenient Truth on the topic of global warming and starred in the Academy Award-winning documentary An Inconvenient Truth, released in conjunction with the book. He helped to organize the 07 July 2007 benefit concert for global warming, Live Earth.

Gore is currently the cofounder and chairman of Generation Investment Management, cofounder and chairman of the Emmy Award - winning American television channel Current TV, a member of the Board of Directors of Apple Inc., and a Senior Advisor to Google.[6] He is also a partner in the venture capital firm, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, heading that firm's climate change solutions group.[7][8]In addition, Gore is on the faculty of Middle Tennessee State University as a visiting professor [6] and was a visiting professor at Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism,[9] Fisk University,[10] and UCLA.[11] in 2001.

Childhood

Albert Gore, Jr. was born in Washington, D.C., to Albert Gore, Sr., a U.S. Representative (1939–1944, 1945–1953) and Senator (1953–1971) from Tennessee and Pauline LaFon Gore, one of the first women to graduate from Vanderbilt University Law School. He divided his childhood between Washington and Carthage, Tennessee[12] as a boy. During the school year, the family lived in a hotel in Washington but during summer vacations Gore worked on the family farm in Carthage, where the Gores grew hay and tobacco and raised cattle.[13] He had an elder sister, Nancy Gore Hunger, who died of lung cancer in 1984. [14] Gore was an honors student at St. Albans School in Washington, D.C.[15]

Harvard, Vietnam, journalism, and Vanderbilt (1965-1976)

Harvard

Gore joined Harvard University in 1965, the only college he had applied to.[16] He entered as an English major working on a novel. He was not tremendously engaged in his studies, however, until 1968 (his junior year) when he took a political science course and changed his major to government. [16] 1968 also marked the year that Gore became deeply involved in politics, particularly after the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. [16] However, Gore and his friends did not participate in Harvard demonstrations. John Tyson, a former roommate, recalled that "We distrusted these movements a lot because a lot of this stuff was very emotional and not well thought out. We were a pretty traditional bunch of guys, positive for civil rights and women's rights but formal, transformed by the social revolution to some extent but not buying into something we considered detrimental to our country." [16] His senior thesis at Harvard explored the impact of television on the conduct of the presidency, arguing that television had an inherent bias towards individuals over institutions and that the ability to communicate well visually was becoming critical to governing.[17]

Gore graduated with a B.A. in government (cum laude) on June 12, 1969.[18] The Washington Post described the commencement ceremonies as a "Sixties period piece" of tradition and chaos. This included the moment when "President Nathan Pusey delivered his time-honored welcoming of the graduates to 'the company of educated men,' [and] hundreds of seniors rose from their folding chairs, raised their fists in defiance, and walked out."[19]

Vietnam war

File:AlGoreVietnam.gif
Gore as a field reporter in Vietnam

In 1969, neither Gore nor his father were supporters of the Vietnam war. However, as a college graduate, Gore could no longer defer being drafted by the military. In addition, his "low draft number assured that he would be called up soon". [20] In debating how to proceed, his father, Albert Gore, Sr., later recalled that Gore "sat around with his mother and I in the living room and talked about it. He said he didn't believe in the Vietnam War. I said, ‘Well, it isn't given in our law for an individual to go contrary to the law.' We discussed all the various things young men were doing to dodge the draft."[20] Also according to his Senate biography, Gore's "mother said that she would support whatever he wanted to do–'including going to Canada with him.'"[20] The Washington Post later added in 1999 that very few of Gore's Harvard classmates went to Vietnam. Instead, "most of his peers at Harvard were looking for a way out, and finding one. Some took refuge in the National Guard or the reserves, options that might save them from Vietnam. A few resisted or became conscientious objectors or left for Canada."[19]

Gore has stated that he finally enlisted in the army for two reasons. He was concerned that it would hurt his father's upcoming political campaign if he did not serve in the military.[21] This was due to the fact that Al Gore Sr., who had initially authorized American involvement in Vietnam in 1964, had by 1969 become a vocal opponent of the war.[22] This position, in addition to others, made Gore Sr. appear to some to be "too tolerant of social protest of all kinds and of change in general [...] Young Al worried that if he found a way around military service, he would be handing an issue to his father's opponents."[22] As for the other reason, actor Tommy Lee Jones (a former housemate) later recalled Gore saying that "if he found a fancy way of not going, someone else would have to go in his place,"[16][23]His Harvard advisor, Richard Neustadt, also stated that Gore, "decided that he would have to go and that he would have to go as an enlisted man because, he said, 'In Tennessee, that's what most people have to do.'" [21] And one of the editors Gore worked for during his period in the army, Michael Roche, also stated that "anybody who knew Al Gore in Vietnam knows he could have sat on his butt and he didn't."[22]

Gore refused the option of signing up for the National Guard, [22] choosing instead to volunteer for the United States Army which meant a two year enlistment, [21] serving from 1969-1971. [18] After enlisting in August 1969, [14] Gore returned to the Harvard campus in his military uniform in order to say goodbye to his advisor and was "jeered" at by students. [16] Gore later described it as a "Ralph Ellison experience in that I was the same person inside but my physical appearance conveyed a message that completely overwhelmed the message of my humanity. It was just an emotional field of negativity and disapproval and piercing glances that shot arrows of what certainly felt like real hatred, and I was astonished." [16]

After basic training at Fort Dix, Gore was assigned to be a military journalist writing for The Army Flier, the base newspaper at Fort Rucker. When Gore's order to be sent to Vietnam was "held up", Gore suspected that the Nixon administration was afraid if something happened to him, his father would gain sympathy votes. [21] Gore was finally shipped to Vietnam on January 2, 1971, one "of only about a dozen of the 1,115 Harvard graduates in the Class of '69 who went to Vietnam." [22] He continued to serve as a journalist with the 20th Engineer Brigade in Bien Hoa. He received an "honorable discharge" from the army in May, 1971. [14]

Of his time in the army, Gore later stated, "I don't pretend that my own military experience matches in any way what others here have been through [...] I didn't do the most, or run the gravest danger. But I was proud to wear my country's uniform. And my own experiences gave me strong beliefs about America's obligation to keep our national defenses strong."[23] Gore also later stated that his experience in Vietnam "didn't change my conclusions about the war being a terrible mistake, but it struck me that opponents to the war, including myself, really did not take into account the fact that there were an awful lot of South Vietnamese who desperately wanted to hang on to what they called freedom. Coming face to face with those sentiments expressed by people who did the laundry and ran the restaurants and worked in the fields was something I was naively unprepared for.[24]

Vanderbilt

Gore was "dispirited" after his return from Vietnam. [20] His father had experienced defeat in the 1970 election. [25] This, in combination with the war and Watergate scandals turned his son away from politics. [15] While his parents wanted him to go to law school, Gore chose to attend divinity school at Vanderbilt University (1971–1972). His wife, Tipper, would later refer to the decision as an act of "purification." [20] Gore has also stated that he attended divinity school in order to explore "the spiritual issues that were most important to me at the time."[26] During this period, Gore began to work the night shift for The Tennessean , a newspaper in Nashville, Tennessee, as an investigative reporter. [20] He would eventually spend five years with the paper. His investigations of possible corruption among members of Nashville's Metro Council resulted in the arrest and prosecution of two councilmen for separate offenses.[27] After completing the one year Rockefeller Foundation scholarship, Gore left divinity school to focus on journalism full time.[28] Later, Gore took a leave of absence from the The Tennessean and returned to graduate study, attending law school at Vanderbilt from 1974-1976. His decision to attend law school was a partial result of his time as a journalist, as he realized that while he could expose corruption, he could not change it.[20] Eventually, however, Gore "took away no degrees, deciding abruptly in 1976 to run for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives."[26]

Congress and first presidential run (1976-1993)

House

At the end of February 1976, 4th District congressman Joe L. Evins unexpectedly announced his retirement from the seat in which he had succeeded Albert Gore, Sr. in 1953. Within hours after Tennessean Publisher John Seigenthaler called him to tell him the announcement was forthcoming,[29] Gore decided to quit law school and run for the United States House of Representatives:

Gore's abrupt decision to run for the open seat surprised even himself. 'I didn't realize myself I had been pulled back so much to it,' he later commented. The news came as a 'bombshell' to his wife. Tipper Gore held a job in the Tennessean's photo lab and was working on a master's degree in psychology, but she joined in her husband's campaign (with assurance that she could get her job at the Tennessean back if he lost). By contrast, Gore asked his father to stay out of his campaign. 'I must become my own man,' he explained. 'I must not be your candidate.[20]

Gore "narrowly won" the Democratic primary, then ran unopposed in the general election and was elected to his first Congressional post at the age of twenty-eight.[20] He was re-elected to the House three times, in 1978, 1980, and 1982. On March 19 1979, Gore became the first person to appear on C-SPAN, while making a speech in the House chambers.[30]

Senate

In 1984, Gore successfully ran for a seat in the United States Senate, which had been vacated by Republican Majority Leader Howard Baker. Gore served as a Senator from Tennessee until 1993, when he became Vice President.[20]While in Congress, Gore was a member a number of committees including: Senate Armed Services, House Intelligence, Commerce, Science and Transportation, Rules and Administration, and Governmental Affairs.[20] He was involved in passing a number of initiatives, partiuclarly surrounding computer technology.[31] During the late 1980s, Gore introduced the Gore Bill, which was later passed as the High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991 which led to creation of the National Information Infrastructure (NII). Leonard Kleinrock, a key player in the development of the ARPANET, considers the act to be a critical moment in Internet history.[32]

First presidential run

Main article: Al Gore presidential campaign, 1988

Gore ran for President in the 1988 United States presidential election. He campaigned as a "Southern Centrist" whose main opposition was Jesse Jackson.[33] On Super Tuesday he won Arkansas, North Carolina, Kentucky, Nevada, Tennessee, and Oklahoma.[20][34] Gore eventually dropped out of the democratic race which went to Michael Dukakis.[20]

Gulf war

Gore clarified his positions with regard to the Gulf War (particularly the events before and after it) during a speech he gave in 1992. [35][36] In this speech, he stated that he twice attempted to get the U.S. government to pull the plug on support to Saddam Hussein, citing Hussein's use of poison gas, support of terrorism, and his burgeoning nuclear program, but was opposed both times by the Reagan and Bush administrations.[35]In the wake of the Al-Anfal Campaign, during which Hussein staged deadly mustard and nerve gas attacks on Kurdish Iraqis, Gore cosponsored the Prevention of Genocide Act of 1988, which would have cut all assistance to Iraq.[35] The bill was defeated in part due to intense lobbying of Congress by the Reagan-Bush White House and a veto threat from President Reagan.[35]

Vice presidency and second presidential run (1993–2001)

Vice presidency

Main article: Vice Presidency of Al Gore
See also: Vice President Gore and the Information Superhighway
See also: Vice President Gore and the environment
Vice President Gore with President Bill Clinton walking along a colonnade at the White House.

Bill Clinton chose Gore to be his running mate for the 1992 United States presidential election on July 9, 1992.[37] Gore accepted the position after previously choosing not to run for President. On April 3, 1989, his six-year-old son Albert III was nearly killed in an automobile accident while leaving the Baltimore Orioles' opening day game. Because of the resulting lengthy healing process, Gore chose to stay near him during the recovery instead of laying the foundation for a 1992 presidential primary campaign (it was during this time period that he wrote Earth in the Balance).[20]

Gore was inaugurated as the 45th Vice President of the United States on January 20, 1993. Clinton and Gore were re-elected to a second term in the 1996 election.

As Vice President, Gore promoted the development of what he referred to as the Information Superhighway.[38] In addition, during the Clinton-Gore administration, the U.S. economy expanded according to David Greenberg (professor of history and media studies at Rutgers University) who argued that "by the end of the Clinton presidency, the numbers were uniformly impressive. Besides the record-high surpluses and the record-low poverty rates, the economy could boast the longest economic expansion in history; the lowest unemployment since the early 1970s; and the lowest poverty rates for single mothers, black Americans, and the aged."[39]

In 1996 Gore was criticized for attending an event at the Buddhist Hsi Lai Temple in Hacienda Heights, California (see 1996 United States campaign finance controversy). In an interview on NBC's Today the following year, he stated that, "I did not know that it was a fund-raiser. I knew it was a political event, and I knew there were finance people that were going to be present, and so that alone should have told me, 'This is inappropriate and this is a mistake; don't do this.' And I take responsibility for that. It was a mistake."[40] In March 1997, Vice President Gore also had to explain certain fund-raising calls he made to solicit funds for the Democratic Party for the 1996 election.[41] In a news conference, Gore responded that, "all calls that I made were charged to the Democratic National Committee. I was advised there was nothing wrong with that. My counsel tells me there is no controlling legal authority that says that is any violation of any law."[42]

Second presidential run

Main article: Al Gore presidential campaign, 2000
File:Gorelieberman.jpg
Gore/Lieberman 2000 campaign logo

After two terms as Vice President, Gore ran for President in the 2000 United States Presidential election, selecting Senator Joe Lieberman to be his vice-presidential running mate. Gore's policies had changed substantially from his 1988 Presidential campaign when he ran as a Southern Centrist, reflecting his eight years as Vice President.[43]

On election night, news networks first called Florida for Gore, later retracted the projection, and then called Florida for Bush, before finally retracting that projection as well.[44] Florida's Republican Secretary of State, Katherine Harris, eventually certified Florida's vote count.[45] This led to the Florida election recount, a move to further examine the Florida results.[46]

The Florida recount was stopped a few weeks later by the Supreme Court of the United States. In the ruling, Bush v. Gore, the Florida recount was called unconstitutional and that no constitutionally valid recount could be completed by the December 12 deadline, effectively ending the recounts. This 7-2 vote ruled that the standards the Florida Supreme Court provided for a recount as unconstitutional due to violations of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, and further ruled 5-4 that no constitutionally valid recount could be completed by the December 12 deadline. This case ordered an end to recounting underway in selected Florida counties, effectively giving George W. Bush a 534 vote victory in Florida and consequently Florida's 25 electoral votes and the presidency.[47] The results of the decision led to Gore winning the popular vote by approximately 500,000 votes nationwide, but receiving 266 electoral votes(1 DC Elector abstained) to Bush's 271 .[48] Gore strongly disagreed with the Court's decision, but said "for the sake of our unity as a people and the strength of our democracy, I offer my concession."[49]

The 2000 election is the subject of a 2008 made-for-TV movie directed by Jay Roach, produced by, and starring Kevin Spacey called Recount. It premiered on the HBO cable network on May 25, 2008.

Other presidential elections

2004 Presidential election

Question of running

Initially, Al Gore was a potential candidate for the 2004 Presidential Election leading to the creation of the bumper sticker "Re-elect Gore in 2004!"[50] On December 16, 2002, however, Gore announced that he would not run in 2004, stating, "I personally have the energy and drive and ambition to make another campaign, but I don't think it's the right thing for me to do [...] I think that a campaign that would be a rematch between myself and President Bush would inevitably involve a focus on the past that would in some measure distract from the focus on the future that I think all campaigns have to be about."[51] Despite Gore taking himself out of the race, a handful of his supporters formed a national campaign to "draft" him into running.[52] The draft movement, however, failed to convince Gore to run.

=Endorsements of Dean and Kerry

Early in the process, in December 2003, Gore publicly endorsed Governor of Vermont Howard Dean weeks before the first primary of the election cycle.[53] Gore was severely criticized for this endorsement by eight Democratic contenders particularly since he did not endorse his former running mate, Joe Lieberman.[54][55] Gore supported Dean over Lieberman due to their differing opinions on Iraq which began to develop around 2002 (Lieberman supported the war and Gore did not).[56] Dean's campaign began to fail, however, and Dean left the race in February, 2004.[57] Some attributed Gore's early endorsement with this failure. [58]

In March 2004 Gore, along with former Presidents Bill Clinton and Jimmy Carter, united behind John Kerry as the presumptive Democratic nominee.[59] He gave $6 million to Kerry, funds left over from his own unsuccessful 2000 bid. [60] He was also the keynote for the 2004 Democratic National Convention. [61]

2008 Presidential election

Al Gore reacts to Chris Anderson's question "Will you run again?" Gore's (paraphrased} response was, "Ohhh, you aren't going to get me on this one."

Question of running

Gore was not a declared candidate in the 2008 presidential election and frequently stated that he had "no plans to run."[62] However, as he did not reject the possibility of future involvement in politics,[63] the prospect of a Gore candidacy became the topic of public discussion and speculation from 2006 to early 2008.[64][65]

Beginning in 2006, Gore's popularity increased. [66] Some credited the release of An Inconvenient Truth at that time.[67] After An Inconvenient Truth was nominated for an Academy Award, Donna Brazile (Gore's campaign chairwoman from the 2000 campaign) speculated on the possibility that Gore might announce a possible presidential candidacy for the 2008 election. During a speech on January 31, 2007, at Moravian College, Brazile stated, "Wait till Oscar night, I tell people: 'I'm dating. I haven't fallen in love yet. On Oscar night, if Al Gore has slimmed down 25 or 30 pounds, Lord knows.'"[68] During the award ceremony, Gore and actor Leonardo DiCaprio shared the stage to speak about the "greening" of the ceremony itself. Gore began to give a speech that appeared to be leading up to an announcement that he would run for president. However, background music drowned him out and he was escorted offstage, implying that it was a rehearsed gag,[69][70] which he later acknowledged.[71] Later that evening his film won the Academy Award and speculation increased about his possible run.[72]

This popularity was also indicated in polls and grassroots movements. Polls taken during 2007 indicated that even without running, Gore was coming in second or third among possible candidates. [73] [74] In addition, a number of grassroots draft campaigns appeared including one group which considered a write-in campaign for the New Hampshire primary on January 8 2008[75] before it was halted. [76] Other grassroots groups in California[77] and New York[78] attempted to convince him to run as well as a number of web-based organizations.[79][80][81][82][83]

Endorsement and involvement in Obama's campaign

Gore initially refused to endorse any of the candidates, stating that he expected a candidate to be named through the primary process.[84] Some interpreted his reticence as a sign that Gore would come out of a brokered 2008 Democratic National Convention as a "compromise candidate" if the party decided it could not nominate either of the candidates.[85][86] Gore responded to this speculation in interviews for Sixty Minutes and NPR by stating that he planned to maintain a neutral position.[87][88]

After Barack Obama was named the Democratic candidate for president on 03 June 2008, Gore congratulated him but stated through his spokeswoman, Kalee Kreider, that he was not seeking a position in a possible Obama administration.[89] Regardless, some speculated that Obama might consider Gore for the Vice Presidential spot.[90][91][92] Later, on 16 June 2008, Gore endorsed Obama in a speech given in Michigan.[93][94]Gore also endorsed Obama on his website, algore.com, [95] and appeared on Obama's website, offering an official endorsement.[96] Noting that Gore had "purposefully stayed on the sidelines during the long Democratic primary fight" Jeff Zeleny of the New York Times stated that, "Mr. Obama said Monday that the former vice president had been helpful throughout the primaries, lending his ear and his thoughts, but always taking care to stay impartial." [97] Gore's endorsement also renewed talk of a joint ticket. [98] Obama responded: "I have just started looking through possible candidates. I haven't made any decisions. I'm getting some recommendations [...] Obviously Al Gore is a great public servant, he was a great vice president. He may not want to be vice president again, since he's already done that for eight years, but certainly he's somebody that I'll be getting advice from as we go forward and hopefully he'll help me when I'm president."[99] Some have also commented on Gore's decision to endorse Obama late in the process, arguing that this was due to both the negative impact of his early endorsement of Howard Dean's campaign during the 2004 campaign, and the "unseemly implications of Bill Clinton's former vice president turning against his wife".[100][101]

Environmental issues

Main article: Al Gore and the environment

According to The Concord Monitor, "Gore was one of the first politicians to grasp the seriousness of climate change and to call for a reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. He held the first congressional hearings on the subject in the late 1970s."[102] He also starred in the Academy Award - winning 2006 documentary film An Inconvenient Truth. The film documents the evidence for anthropogenic global warming and warns of dire environmental consequences if people and industries do not make immediate changes to their behavior. It is the fourth-highest-grossing documentary in U.S. history.[103]

Gore receives the Nobel Peace Prize in the city hall of Oslo, December 10, 2007

Gore was awarded the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize, which was shared by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, headed by Rajendra K. Pachauri (Delhi, India).[104] The award was given "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change" on October 12, 2007.[105] Gore and Pachauri accepted the Nobel Peace Prize for 2007 in Oslo, Norway on December 10, 2007.[106][107][108]

Gore's estate has been criticized twice by the group, the Tennessee Center for Policy Research (TCPR). In February 2007 the group stated that "a report by the Nashville Electric Service revealed that Mr Gore's mansion in Nashville consumed between 12 and 20 times more electricity than the average family home and that his electricity consumption had risen since the film's release in 2005."[109]

In response, MSNBC argued that the TCPR report "omits several other key facts. The former vice president's home has 20 rooms, including home offices for himself and his wife, as well as a guest house and special security measures. Furthermore, the Gores buy energy produced from renewable sources, such as wind and solar. Tonight, Countdown confirmed with the local utility officials that their program, called the Green Power Switch, actually costs more for the Gores -- four dollars for every 150 kilowatt hours. Meaning, by our calculations, our math here, that the Gores actually chose to increase their electric bill by $5,893, more than 50 percent, in order to minimize carbon pollution." [110]

A few months later, the Associated Press reported on December 13 2007 that Gore "has completed a host of improvements to make the home more energy efficient, and a building-industry group has praised the house as one of the nation's most environmentally friendly [...] 'Short of tearing it down and starting anew, I don't know how it could have been rated any higher,' said Kim Shinn of the non-profit U.S. Green Building Council, which gave the house its second-highest rating for sustainable design."[111]

Gore was criticized by the TCPR again, however, in June 2008 after the group obtained his public utility bills from the Nashville Electric Service and compared "electricity consumption between the 12 months before June 2007, when it says he installed his new technology, and the year since then."[112] According to their analysis, the Gores consumed 10% more energy in the year since their home received its eco-friendly modifications. TCPR also argued that, while the "average American household consumes 11,040 kWh in an entire year," the Gore residence "uses an average of 17,768 kWh per month –1,638 kWh more energy per month than before the renovations." [112]

Gore's spokeswoman Kalee Kreider countered the claim by stating that the Gores' "utility bills have gone down 40 percent since the green retrofit." and that "the three-year renovation on the home wasn't complete until November, so it's a bit early to attempt a before-and-after comparison." [113] She also noted that TCPR did not include Gore's gas bill in their analysis (which they had done the previous year) and that the gas "bill has gone down 90 percent [...] And when the Gores do power up, they pay for renewable resources, like wind and solar power or methane gas."[114]Media Matters for America also discussed the fact that "100 percent of the electricity in his home comes from green power" and quoted the Tennessee Valley Authority as stating that "[a]lthough no source of energy is impact-free, renewable resources create less waste and pollution." [115]

Gore was also criticized by two bloggers who argue that he maintains carbon neutrality by purchasing carbon credits from Generation Investment Management, a company for which he serves as Chairman.[116] In response to the bloggers´ accusation, a spokesman for Generation stated that "Gore is not profiting from his crusade against global warming" and that Gore does not purchase carbon credits from Generation. Instead, Generation purchases carbon credits from third party providers such as the Carbon Neutral Company to offset the personal emissions of all employees and their families, including Gore's. He also stated that Generation does not sell carbon credits, nor does it develop them--rather, they voluntarily purchase credits from others on behalf of employees.[117][118] The conservative Capital Research Center has accused him of attempting to make a huge profit from his global warming activism.[119] Gore denies money motivates him to fight global warming.[120]

Internet and technology

Main article: Al Gore and information technology
President Bill Clinton installing computer cables with Vice President Al Gore on NetDay at Ygnacio Valley High School in Concord, CA. March 9, 1996.

Gore had been involved with the development of the Internet since the 1970s, first as a Congressman and later as Senator and Vice-President. Internet pioneers Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn stated in the 2000 article "Al Gore and the Internet," that Gore was "the first political leader to recognize the importance of the Internet and to promote and support its development."[121] His High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991[122] (often referred to as the Gore Bill) was passed on December 9, 1991 and led to the National Information Infrastructure (NII)[123] which Gore referred to as the Information Superhighway. During his period as Vice President, Gore worked towards increasing access to the then-limited Internet through events such as NetDay'96, when he and Clinton helped to wire Ygnacio Valley High School in Concord, California. [124][125]

In a March 9 1999 interview on CNN's Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer, Gore stated, "During my service in the United States Congress I took the initiative in creating the internet. I took the initiative in moving forward a whole range of initiatives that have proven to be important to our country's economic growth and environmental protection, improvements in our educational system."[126] UCLA professor of information studies, Philip E. Agre [127][128] and journalist Eric Boehlert[129] both argue that three articles in Wired News led to the creation of the widely spread urban legend that Gore claimed to have "invented the Internet," which followed this interview. [130] This urban legend became "an automatic laugh. Jay Leno, David Letterman, or any other comedic talent can crack a joke about Al Gore 'inventing the Internet,' and the audience is likely to respond with howls of laughter."[131]

In response to the controversy, Cerf and Kahn argued that, "We don't think, as some people have argued, that Gore intended to claim he 'invented' the Internet. Moreover, there is no question in our minds that while serving as Senator, Gore's initiatives had a significant and beneficial effect on the still-evolving Internet."[132]

Gore would later poke fun at the controversy on the The Late Show with David Letterman when he read Letterman's Top 10 List, which for this show was called, "Top Ten Rejected Gore - Lieberman Campaign Slogans." Number nine on the list was: "Remember, America, I gave you the Internet, and I can take it away!"[133]

Gore has been a member of the board of directors of Apple Inc. since 2003 and serves as a Senior Advisor to Google Inc.[134] On 06 June 2005, Gore was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award "for three decades of contributions to the Internet" at the Webby Awards. [2]

Gore's 2007 book, The Assault on Reason, is an analysis of what he calls the "emptying out of the marketplace of ideas" in civic discourse, which, according to Gore, is due to the influence of electronic media, especially television, and which endangers American democracy; but he also expresses the belief that the Internet can revitalize and ultimately "redeem the integrity of representative democracy."[135]

Political activism

Gore frequently questioned policies associated with the Bush administration after the 2000 election, particularly in a speech he gave on September 23, 2002, before the Commonwealth Club of California when he criticized President George W. Bush and Congress for the rush to war prior to the outbreak of hostilities in Iraq.[136][137]

He also gave a number of other speeches such as one in 2002 when he was critical of federal handling of the economy. [138] Later, on 09 February 2004 during the 2004 presidential election, Gore accused George W. Bush of betraying the country by using the 9/11 attacks as a justification for the invasion of Iraq.[139] The next year, on April 27, 2005, Gore gave an hour-long speech which covered many topics including what he called "religious zealots" who claim special knowledge of God's will in American politics. Gore stated: "They even claim that those of us who disagree with their point of view are waging war against people of faith. How dare they!" [140]He also charted two planes in 2005 in order to evacuate 270 people from New Orleans in the aftermath of Katrina. Gore later criticized federal response to the hurricane.[141][142] In 2006 on January 16, Gore criticized President Bush's use of domestic wiretaps without a warrant.[143] A month later, on February 12 at the Jeddah Economic Forum, he argued that the US government had committed abuses against Arabs living in America after the 9/11 attacks "and that most Americans did not support such treatment."[144] Finally, in 2008, Gore argued against the ban of of same-sex marriage on his Current TV website, stating that he thinks "it's wrong for the government to discriminate against people because of that person’s sexual orientation."[145]

Family

In 1970, Gore married Mary Elizabeth Aitcheson (known as Tipper), whom he had first met "at a party the night of his [high school] graduation."[15] They have four children: Karenna (born 1973), married to Andrew "Drew" Schiff;[146] Kristin (born 1977), married to Paul Cusack; Sarah (born January 7, 1979), married to Taiwanese-American businessman Bill Lee,[147] (李君偉); and Albert III (born 1982). Al and Tipper have two grandchildren: Wyatt Gore Schiff (born 1999) and Anna Hunger Schiff (born 2001).[6]

Awards and honors

Main article: Al Gore awards and honors

Gore has received a number of awards and honors during his career, from both American and international organizations, including the Nobel Peace Prize with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2007.

Selected publications

  • Gore, Al (2009, forthcoming). The Path to Survival. Rodale Books. ISBN 1594867348. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  • Gore, Al (2008). Our Purpose: The Nobel Peace Prize Lecture 2007. Rodale Books. ISBN 1605299901.
  • Know Climate Change and 101 Q and A on Climate Change from 'Save Planet Earth Series', 2008 (children's books)[148]
  • Gore, Al (2007). The Assault on Reason. New York: Penguin. ISBN 1594201226.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
  • Gore, Al (2006). An Inconvenient Truth: The Planetary Emergency of Global Warming and What We Can Do About It. New York: Rodale Books. ISBN 1594865671.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
  • Gore, Al (2002). Joined at the Heart: The Transformation of the American Family. ISBN 0805074503. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Gore, Al (2002). The Spirit of Family. ISBN 0805068945. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Gore, Al (2001). From Red Tape to Results: Creating a Government That Works Better and Costs Less. ISBN 158963571X.
  • Gore, Al (1998). Common Sense Government: Works Better & Costs Less: National Performance Review (3rd Report). ISBN 0788139088.
  • Gore, Al (1997). Businesslike Government: lessons learned from America's best companies. ISBN 0788170538. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Vice President Al Gore's introduction to Earthwatch: 24 Hours In Cyberspace. February 8, 1996. 24 Hours in Cyberspace
  • "Foreword by Vice President Al Gore." In The Internet Companion:A Beginner's Guide to Global Networking (2nd edition) by Tracy LaQuey, 1994.
  • "Introduction. In Silent Spring by Rachel Carson. 1994. New York : Houghton-Mifflin.
  • "No more information haves and have-nots", Billboard,Vol. 106 Issue 43, October 22, 1994: 6.
  • The Climate Change Action Plan. Washington, D.C.: The White House, October, 1993 (with William Clinton).
  • Science in the National Interest. Washington, DC: The White House, August 1994 (with William Clinton).
  • Technology for America’s economic growth, a new direction to build economic strength. Washington, DC: The White House, February 22, 1993 (with William Clinton).
  • "Infrastructure for the global village: computers, networks and public policy." Scientific American Special Issue on Communications, Computers, and Networks, September 1991. 265(3): 150–153.
  • Gore, Al (1992). Earth in the Balance: Forging a New Common Purpose. Earthscan. ISBN 0618056645.

Secondary sources

Notes

  1. ^ Al Gore: Quick Biography
  2. ^ a b A.P. (05 May 2005). "Webby Awards not laughing at Gore's contribution to Net Former Vice President of the United States". USA Today. Retrieved 2008-06-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |1= and |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  3. ^ Carr, David (8 June 2005). "Accepting a Webby? Brevity, Please". American Broadcasting Company. Retrieved 2008-06-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |1= and |coauthors= (help)
  4. ^ "George W. Bush, et al., Petitioners v. Albert Gore, Jr., et al., 531 U.S. 98 (2000)". Cornell University School of Law. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  5. ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2007". nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  6. ^ a b c Gore, Al. "Al's Bio". Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  7. ^ Coile, Zachary. "Gore joins Valley's Kleiner Perkins to push green business". November 13, 2007. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  8. ^ Coile, Zachary. "Partner bio at Kleiner Perkins". Kleiner Perkins. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  9. ^ "Former Vice President Al Gore to Teach at Columbia's School of Journalism". Columbia University. January 25, 2001.
  10. ^ "Al Gore To Teach At Fisk University — Brief Article". findarticles.com. COPYRIGHT 2001 Johnson Publishing Co.. COPYRIGHT 2001 Gale Group.
  11. ^ "TRAINING THE NEXT COMMUNITY BUILDERS: Gore taps faculty expertise". Copyright 2001 UC Regents.
  12. ^ "Albert Gore Jr.: Son of a senator". CNN. Retrieved 2007-02-24.
  13. ^ Zelnick, Bob (1999). Al Gore: A Political Life. Regnery Publishing. ISBN 0-89526-326-2.
  14. ^ a b c "Gore Chronology". PBS. Retrieved 2008-06-16.
  15. ^ a b c WEAVER JR., WARREN. "Gore as Candidate: Traveler Between 2 Worlds". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  16. ^ a b c d e f g HENNEBERGER, MELINDA (June 21, 2000). "On Campus Torn by 60's, Agonizing Over the Path". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-06-22. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  17. ^ The Mass Media and the Political Agenda, Pearson Education, Inc., 2006, pp. 210–211 {{citation}}: |first= missing |last= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).
  18. ^ a b "Al Gore Biography". CNN. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  19. ^ a b "Gore: To Serve or Not to Serve". Washington Post. December 29, 1999. Retrieved 2008-06-22. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Albert A. Gore, Jr., 45th Vice President (1993-2001)". senate.gov. Retrieved 2008-06-22. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  21. ^ a b c d "Albert Gore Jr.: Son of a senator". CNN. 2000. Retrieved 2008-06-22. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  22. ^ a b c d e HENNEBERGER, MELINDA (2000-07-11). "For Gore, Army Years Mixed Vietnam and Family Politics". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  23. ^ a b Sack, Kevin (August 23, 2000). "THE 2000 CAMPAIGN: THE VICE PRESIDENT; Gore Tells Fellow Veterans He Is Dedicated to Military". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-06-22. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  24. ^ "More Al Gore on Homeland Security". Houghton Mifflin. Retrieved 2007-02-24.
  25. ^ HENNEBERGER, MELINDA (May 22, 2000). "A Political Father Who Chose the High Road and Unpopular Stands". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-06-22. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  26. ^ a b "Biography: Gore's road from Tennessee to the White House". CNN. June 16, 1999. Retrieved 2008-06-22. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  27. ^ Wood, E. Thomas (September 17, 1992). "Al Gore, boy reporter". nashvillepost.com. Retrieved 2008-06-22. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  28. ^ "Gore: Baptist mixed with spirituality". USA Today. July 10, 2000. Retrieved 2008-06-22. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  29. ^ E. Thomas Wood, "Nashville now and then: Young Al's big decision". 2008-02-29. Retrieved 2008-02-29. {{cite news}}: Text "NashvillePost.com" ignored (help)
  30. ^ Oscar win was one more first for Al Gore
  31. ^ Legislation Sponsored by Senator Gore
  32. ^ Kleinrock, Leonard. "The Internet rules of engagement: then and now" (PDF). lk.cs.ucla.edu. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
  33. ^ The first presidential run
  34. ^ THE FIRST SUPER TUESDAY
  35. ^ a b c d Gore, Al (September 29, 1992). "Speech by Senator Al Gore". Retrieved 2008-06-22. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  36. ^ Gore, Al (September 29, 1992). "Rewind: Gore Blasts G.H.W. Bush for Ignoring Iraq Terror Ties". breitbart.tv (CSPAN). Retrieved 2008-06-22. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  37. ^ THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: Their Own Words; Excerpts From Clinton's and Gore's Remarks on the Ticket, New York Times, July 10, 1992 {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  38. ^ Broad, William (November 10, 1992), Clinton to Promote High Technology, With Gore in Charge, New York Times {{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  39. ^ "Memo to Obama Fans: Clinton's presidency was not a failure". Slate. Retrieved 2005-02-13.
  40. ^ "Gore Admits Temple Fund-Raiser Was A 'Mistake'", CNN.com, January 24, 1997
  41. ^ "Fund-Raising Questions Focus On Gore", CNN "AllPolitics," March 2, 1997, Retrieved: October 15, 2007
  42. ^ As quoted in "The Money Trail", NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, transcript, PBS, March 6, 1997, Retrieved: October 15, 2007
  43. ^ Presidential Candidates Stances on the Issues
  44. ^ Online NewsHour
  45. ^ Bush begins transition, urges Gore not to contest
  46. ^ Transcript: Gore remarks on Florida vote certification, November 27, 2000
  47. ^ Supreme Court Collection: Bush v. Gore
  48. ^ "It's a Mess, But We've Been Through It Before". Time Magazine. Retrieved on September 6, 2006
  49. ^ VICE PRESIDENT AL GORE DELIVERS REMARKS
  50. ^ Gore in 2004 Bumper Sticker
  51. ^ Gore Says He Won't Run in 2004
  52. ^ Oaklander leads effort to draft Gore in '04
  53. ^ Al Gore endorses Howard Dean
  54. ^ Gore's endorsement stirs debate
  55. ^ Why Al Gore Really Endorsed Howard Dean
  56. ^ Look Who's Back: It's Gore and Lieberman in '08
  57. ^ The Rise And Fall Of Howard Dean
  58. ^ Trippi: Net Politics Here to Stay
  59. ^ Clinton, Carter and Gore at Democrat unity fete
  60. ^ Gore Giving Leftover Cash of $6 Million to Back Kerry
  61. ^ PBS transcript of Gore speech at 2004 convention
  62. ^ Gore Leaves the Door Open. New York Times, December 10, 2007.
  63. ^ Gore Leaves the Door Open
  64. ^ Why Isn't Gore Running?. Newsweek Magazine, December 13, 2007.
  65. ^ "The Last Temptation Of Al Gore". TIME Magazine, May 28, 2007.
  66. ^ Al Gore's coming back — but how far?
  67. ^ Jonathan Chait of The New Republic cites a Daily Kos straw poll and An Inconvenient Truth. "Gore's popularity soars as Clinton loses her way"
  68. ^ "2008: Democrats in Town". The New York Times. (Blog). February 2, 2007
  69. ^ "Washington diary: Al meets Oscar". BBC News. 2007-02-28. Retrieved 2008-01-03. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  70. ^ "Will Al's Oscar Bounce Put Him in the Race?". ABC News. 2007-02-26. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  71. ^ Jim Malone (2007-02-27). "Gore's Oscar Win Prompts New Political Speculation". Voice of America. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
  72. ^ Mike Allen (2007-02-26). "Gore's Oscar Success Fuels '08 Speculation". CBS News. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
  73. ^ Tisdall, Simon (2007-06-29). "Poll of Democrats reveals Gore could still steal the show". The Guardian. Retrieved 2007-07-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  74. ^ "Giuliani Has Same Lead Over Any Dem In New Jersey, Quinnipiac University Poll Finds; Moving Primary Has Little Impact On Voters". Quinnipiac University. April 19, 2007.
  75. ^ Dear New Hampshire, Please Draft Al Gore
  76. ^ Write-In Campaign for Al Gore in New Hampshire Primary Halted
  77. ^ California Draft Gore Halts Activities
  78. ^ The 'Draft Gore' Movement, Sidelined
  79. ^ algore.org
  80. ^ draftgore.com
  81. ^ draftalgore.meetup.com
  82. ^ draftgore.org
  83. ^ "America for Gore". Retrieved 2007-10-08.
  84. ^ "Gore says undecided on U.S. candidate endorsement". Reuters. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  85. ^ Klein, Joe. "Is Al Gore the Answer?". Time. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  86. ^ Romano, Andrew (2008-02-15). "Al Gore to the Rescue?". Newsweek. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  87. ^ Romano, Andrew (2008-03-30). "Al Gore's New Campaign". Sixty Minutes. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  88. ^ Romano, Andrew (2008-05-06). "Al Gore: 'Assault on Reason' Endangers Democracy". NPR. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  89. ^ THEOBALD, BILL (2008-06-04). "Gore congratulates Obama, but wants no role in possible administration". Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  90. ^ "Al Gore for Vice President?". Yahoo!. 2008-06-05. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  91. ^ Rhee, Foon (2008-06-11). "Gore for VP, again?". Boston Globe. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  92. ^ "Carville on CNN". CNN. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  93. ^ Gore, Al (2008-06-18). "Al's Journal: Monday Night". algore.com. Retrieved 2008-06-20. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  94. ^ Gore, Al (2008-06-17). "Transcript of Endorsement for Obama". Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  95. ^ Gore, Al (2008-06-16). "Al's Journal: My Endorsement". algore.com. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  96. ^ "Join Al Gore: Support This Campaign". barackobama.com. 2008-06-16. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  97. ^ Zeleny, Jeff (2008-06-17). "Gore Endorses Obama as a Solver of Problems'". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  98. ^ Kornblut, Anne (2008-06-17). "Gore backing for Obama revives joint ticket talk". theage.com.au. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  99. ^ "Obama sidesteps question about Gore joining ticket". CNN. 2008-06-17. Retrieved 2008-06-17. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  100. ^ Schor, Elana (2008-06-16). "US elections: Al Gore endorses Barack Obama for president". The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  101. ^ Cillizza, Chris (2008-06-17). "What Does the Goreacle's Endorsement Mean?". Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-06-17. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  102. ^ Monitor staff (February 27 2007). "Oscar win was one more first for Al Gore". Monitor editorial. Concord Monitor. Retrieved 2007-05-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  103. ^ "DOCUMENTARY: 1982–Present". Box Office Mojo. (Rankings).
  104. ^ BBC (2007-10-12). "Indian's surprise at Nobel award". BBC.
  105. ^ "Peace 2007". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-10-12.
  106. ^ Al Gore (2007-12-10). "Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech, December 10, 2007". Al Gore.
  107. ^ Aftenposten Newspaper: Peace Prize winners issue urgent calls for action
  108. ^ Al Gore Wins the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize
  109. ^ "Stephen McGinty - Gore wins Nobel Peace Prize, but do inconvenient truths lie behind the green gloss?". The Scotsman. 2007-10-13.
  110. ^ "Reports on criticism of Gore omitted steps he reportedly took to reduce "carbon footprint"". Media Matters for America. 2007-03-01. Retrieved 2007-03-01. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  111. ^ "Gore Makes Nashville Home more 'Green'. Home". CNN. 2007-10-12.
  112. ^ a b Leonard, Tom (2008-06-18). "Al Gore's electricity bill goes through the (insulated) roof". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2008-06-19. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  113. ^ Brooks, Jennifer (2008-06-18). "Group questions electricity use at Gore's Belle Meade house". The Tennessean. Retrieved 2008-06-18. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  114. ^ Kerr, Gail (2008-06-19). "Gore pulls the plug on critics' claims". The Tennessean. Retrieved 2008-06-19. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  115. ^ "Hume claimed Gore's "energy use has surged more than 10 percent," ignored Gore's response that it's all "green power"". Media Matters for America. 2008-06-19. Retrieved 2008-06-19. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  116. ^ WorldNetDaily: Gore's 'carbon offsets' paid to firm he owns
  117. ^ Gore's Company Says He's Not Profiting from 'Carbon Offsets'
  118. ^ Generation: Memberships and Initiatives
  119. ^ "Al Gore's Carbon Crusade: The Money and Connections Behind It. Home". Capital Research Center. August 2007.
  120. ^ "Al Gore Responds to CRC, Denies Global Warming is His Meal Ticket. Home". Capital Research Center. 2008-04-06.
  121. ^ Kahn, Robert (2000-09-29). "Al Gore and the Internet". Retrieved 2007-06-02. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  122. ^ Search Results - THOMAS (Library of Congress)
  123. ^ Chapman, Gary; Rotenberg, Marc (1995), Johnson, Deborah G.; Nissanbaum, Helen (eds.), Computers, Ethics, & Social Values, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, pp. The National Information Infrastructure:A Public Interest Opportunity: 628–644
  124. ^ Clinton, Bill. "Remarks by the President to the Concord Community on NetDay: Ygnacio Valley High School, Concord, California". Clinton Foundation. Retrieved 2008-06-12. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  125. ^ Gore, Al (1997). "Statement by the Vice President about Netday". Retrieved 2008-06-12. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  126. ^ "Transcript: Vice President Gore on CNN's 'Late Edition'". CNN. CNN. 1999-03-09. Retrieved 2007-06-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  127. ^ Agre, Philip (2000-10-17). "Who Invented "Invented"?:Tracing the Real Story of the "Al Gore Invented the Internet" Hoax". Red Rock Eater Digest. Red Rock Eater Digest. Retrieved 2007-06-02.
  128. ^ Finkelstein, Seth (2006-04-28). "Al Gore "invented the Internet" - resources". Retrieved 2007-06-02.
  129. ^ Boehlert, Eric (28 April 2006). "Wired Owes Al Gore an Apology". huffingtonpost.com. huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2007-06-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  130. ^ Urban legend on Snopes.com: "Al Gore Invented the Internet"
  131. ^ Wiggins, Richard (October 2000). "Al Gore and the Creation of the Internet". firstmonday.org. firstmonday.org. Retrieved 2007-06-02.
  132. ^ Kahn, Bob; Cerf, Vint; et al. (2000-09-29), Al Gore and the Internet, retrieved 2007-06-02 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Explicit use of et al. in: |last4= (help); Missing |author3= (help)
  133. ^ Boehlert, Eric (2000-09-14). "Gore Does Dave". cbsnews.com. cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2007-06-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  134. ^ "Albert Gore Jr.: Former Vice President of the United States". apple.com. apple.com. March 2003. Retrieved 2007-06-02.
  135. ^ Gore, Al. The Assault on Reason (New York: Penguin Press, 2007): 270
  136. ^ Text of speech given by Al Gore on September 23, 2002
  137. ^ Gore challenges Bush Iraqi policy
  138. ^ Transcript: Former Vice President Al Gore:Matching our Nation's Economic Course to Our Current Realities — Brookings Institution, October, 2002
  139. ^ Gore Says Bush Betrayed the U.S. by Using 9/11 as a Reason for War in Iraq
  140. ^ Gore, Al (2005-04-27). "Address by Vice President Gore". moveon.org. Retrieved 2008-06-20. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  141. ^ Duncan Mansfield / Associated Press. "Al Gore airlifts Katrina victims out of New Orleans". The Detroit News. September 9, 2005.
  142. ^ Transcript of Al Gore's speech at the Sierra Summit, September 9, 2005
  143. ^ "Transcript: Former Vice President Gore's Speech on Constitutional Issues". Retrieved 2006-09-01.
  144. ^ Gore Laments U.S. 'Abuses' Against Arabs
  145. ^ Current TV video: Gay men and women should have the same rights
  146. ^ "Gore's Eldest Daughter Weds New York Doctor In Washington". CNN. 1997-07-12. Retrieved 2008-06-16. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  147. ^ Wihlborg, Ulrica (2007-06-14). "Al Gore's Daughter Sarah Gets Married". People Magazine. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
  148. ^ Al Gore releases children's Book on climate change
  149. ^ The original toolbox for green living 40 years later

Template:AlGoreSegmentsUnderInfoBox

Template:Sisterlinks-author

Political offices
Preceded by Vice President of the United States
January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001 		Succeeded by
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member from Tennessee's 4th congressional district
1977 – 1983 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Member from Tennessee's 6th congressional district
1983 – 1985 		Succeeded by
U.S. Senate
Preceded by Senator from Tennessee (Class 2)
1985 – 1993
Served alongside: James R. Sasser 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Democratic Party vice presidential candidate
1992, 1996 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Democratic Party presidential candidate
2000 		Succeeded by
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by United States order of precedence
Former Vice President of the United States 		Succeeded by


Template:Persondata

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al_Gore&oldid=221433286"