Nitrogen

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General

Name, Symbol, Number

Nitrogen, N, 7

Chemical series

nonmetals

Group, Period, Block

15 (V), 2 , p

Density, Hardness

1.2506 kg/m³(273K), NA

Appearance

colorless

Atomic Properties

Atomic weight

14.0067 amu

Atomic radius (calc.)

65 (56) pm

Covalent radius

75 pm

van der Waals radius

155 pm

Electron configuration

[He]2s²2p³

e^- 's per energy level

2, 5

Oxidation states (Oxide)

±3,5,4,2 (strong acid)

Crystal structure

hexagonal

Physical Properties

State of matter

gas (__)

Melting point

63.14 K (-345.75 °F)

Boiling point

77.35 K (-320.17 °F)

Molar volume

13.54 ×10^-3 m³/mol

Heat of vaporization

2.7928 kJ/mol

Heat of fusion

0.3604 kJ/mol

Vapor pressure

__ Pa at __ K

Velocity of sound

334 m/s at 298.15 K

Miscellaneous

Electronegativity

3.04 (Pauling scale)

Specific heat capacity

1040 J/(kg*K)

Electrical conductivity

__ 10⁶/m ohm

Thermal conductivity

0.02598 W/(m*K)

1^st ionization potential

1402.3 kJ/mol

2^nd ionization potential

2856 kJ/mol

3^rd ionization potential

4578.1 kJ/mol

4^th ionization potential

7475.0 kJ/mol

5^th ionization potential

9444.9 kJ/mol

6^th ionization potential

53266.6 kJ/mol

7^th ionization potential

64360 kJ/mol

Most Stable Isotopes

iso	NA	half-life	DM	DE M eV	DP
¹³N	{syn.}	9.965 m	e capture	2.220	¹³C
¹⁴N	99.634%	N is stable with 7 neutrons
¹⁵N	0.366%	N is stable with 8 neutrons

SI units & STP are used except where noted.

Nitrogen is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol N and atomic number 7.

Notable Characteristics

Nitrogen is a non-metal, with an electronegativity of 3.0. It has five electrons in its outer shell, so is trivalent in most compounds. Pure nitrogen is an unreactive colorless diatomic gas at room temperature, and comprises about 2/3 of the Earth's atmosphere. It condenses at 77 K and freezes at 63 K. Liquid nitrogen is a common cryogen.

Applications

History

Occurrence

Compounds

The main hydride of nitrogen is ammonia (NH₃) although hydrazine (N₂H₄) is also well known. Ammonia is somewhat more basic than water, and in solution forms ammonium ions (NH₄⁺). Liquid ammonia in fact slightly amphiprotic and forms ammonium and amide ions (NH₂^-); both amides and nitride (N^3-) salts are known, but decompose in water.

Another kind of nitrogen anions are azides (N₃^-), which are linear and isoelectronic to carbon dioxide. Another molecule of the same structure is dinitrogen monoxide (N₂O), or laughing gas. This is one of a variety of oxides, the most prominent of which are nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), which both contain an unpaired electron. The latter shows some tendency to dimerize and is an important component of smog.

The more standard oxides, dinitrogen trioxide (N₂O₃) and dinitrogen pentoxide (N₂O₅), are actually fairly unstable and explosive. The corresponding acids are nitrous (HNO₂) and nitric acid (HNO₃), with the corresponding salts called nitrites and nitrates. Nitric acid is one of the few acids stronger than hydronium and its salts including some important minerals, like salt peter.

Isotopes

By far the most common isotope of nitrogen (99.634%) is ¹⁴N, which is produced in the CNO cycle in stars. The rest is ¹⁵N. Of the ten isotopes produced synthetically, one has a half life of nine minutes and the remaining isotopes have have lives on the order of seconds or less.

Precautions

__

External Links

External links used only for conversion (please delete before pasting into main article)

See also: Nitrogen cycle