Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was a Balkan state that existed from 1945 to 1992. It was formed in 1945 from remains of the pre-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia under name Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, in 1946 it changed name to Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia and again in 1963 to Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
| |||||
| National motto: Bratstvo i jedinstvo (Serbo-Croatian), Bratstvo in enotnost (Slovene) (Brotherhood and unity) | |||||
 | |||||
| Official languages: | Serbo-Croatian, Slovene, Macedonian | ||||
| Capital: | Belgrade | ||||
| Area (1991): | 255,804 km² | ||||
| Population (1971): | 20,522,972 39.7% Serbs, 22.1% Croats, 8.4% Muslims, 8.2% Slovenes, 6.4% Albanians, 5.8% Macedonians, 2.5% Montenegrins, 2.3% Hungarians, 4.6% others | ||||
| Currency: | dinar (YUD) = 100 paras | ||||
| Time zone: | UTC +1 | ||||
| National anthem: | Hej Sloveni | ||||
| ISO 3166-1: | YU (obsolete) | ||||
| Calling code: | 38 (obsolete) | ||||
The SFRY bordered to the Italy and Austria on the nortwest, to the Hungary and Romania on the north, to the Bulgaria on the east, to the Greece and Albania on the south, and to the Adriatic Sea on the west.
Socialist Republics and Autonomous Provinces
Internally, the state was divided into six socialist republics and two socialist autonomous provinces. The federal capital was Belgrade.
- Socialist republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with capital in Sarajevo
- Socialist republic of Croatia, with capital in Zagreb
- Socialist republic of Macedonia, with capital in Skopje
- Socialist republic of Montenegro, with capital in Titograd
- Socialist republic of Serbia, with capital in Belgrade; Serbia was further divided into:
a. Socialist autonomous province of Kosovo, with capital in Priština
b. Socialist autonomous province of Vojvodina, with capital in Novi Sad
c. (the part of Serbia that is neither in Vojvodina nor in Kosovo had no special status. Informally, it was called Uža Srbija (literally Narrower Serbia) - Socialist republic of Slovenia, with capital in Ljubljana
History
Main article: History of Yugoslavia
After World War II, Democratic Federal Yugoslavia was established as a communist state, on November 29 1943 in Jajce. The first president was Ivan Ribar and prime minister Josip Broz Tito. On January 13 1953 Tito was elected as president and later on april 7 1963 he was named "President for life".
Yugoslavia unlike other Eastern and Central European communist countries, chose a course independent of the Soviet Union (see Informbiro), and was not a member of the Warsaw pact nor NATO, but rather than that initiated a Non-Aligned Movement in 1961.
After Tito's death, tensions between the various peoples grew, and in 1991 its constituent republics Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia and Bosnia-Herzegovina started breaking away. After the initial Yugoslav wars, the process ended in 1992 when the two remaining republics, Serbia and Montenegro formed the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
See also: Yugoslavia