Iron Age

Iron Age Axe found on Gotland

The Iron Age is the period in a civilisation's development at which time iron working was the most sophisticated form of metalworking achieved. Though well made bronze tools far surpass iron tools in hardness and utility, the abundance of iron ore sources made iron cheap and contributed greatly to its adoption as the most common metallurgical process. The Iron Age is part of the Three-age system for prehistoric societies.

• Earlier Bronze Age
• Later Middle Ages and in parts of Europe, Roman occupation. In Sweden and partly in other nordic countries, the last part of the Iron Age (about 800 - 1100) is commonly called the Viking Age.

British Isles

In Britain, the Iron Age lasted from about the 5th century BC (although some believe it to have started significantly later, around 1st century BC) to the 4th century AD. Defensive structures dating from this time are often impressive (for example, the brochs in Scotland and the hill forts of southern England and Wales). This is possibly because of greater tension between better structured groups, although there are suggestions that in the latter phases of the Iron Age they existed simply to indicate wealth. Either way, during periods of Roman occupation the evidence suggests the defensive structures served their purpose well. Many were re-used by later cultures, such as the Picts, in the early Medieval period.

File:Roman statuette of bronze from Swedssh Iron age, found at Öland large.jpg

Bronze figurine, found at Öland

Structures

• Broch
• Crannog
• Dun
• Fort
• Roundhouse
• Wheelhouse

Coins

Tens of thousands of coins from the Iron Age have been found in Britain. Some, such as gold staters, were imported from mainland Europe. A number of these were found in the Silsden Hoard in West Yorkshire in 1998. Others were minted locally. For example, a large hoard from the Corielvatu tribe was found in Leicestershire in 2002.

Central Europe

In Central Europe, the Iron Age is generally divided in the early Iron Age Hallstatt culture (HaC and D, 800-450 BC) and the late Iron Age La Tène culture (beginning in 450 BC). The Iron age ends with the Roman Conquest.

Northern Germany and Denmark

The Iron Age is divided into the pre-Roman Iron Age and the Roman Iron Age (Jastorf culture). This is followed by the Migration period.

Asia

An Iron Age culture of the Tibetan Plateau has tentatively been associated with the Zhang Zhung culture described in early Tibetan writings.
see also: *list of archaeological sites