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Nanotechnology comprises technological developments on the nanometer scale, usually 0.1 to 100 nm. (One nanometer equals one thousandth of a micrometre or one millionth of a millimetre.) The term has sometimes been applied to microscopic technology. The related term nanoscience is used to describe the interdisciplinary fields of science devoted to the study of nanoscale phenomena employed in nanotechnology. Both nanoscience and nanotechnology are an extension of the field of materials science, and materials science departments at universities around the world, in conjunction with physics, mechanical engineering, bioengineering, and chemical engineering departments, are leading the breakthroughs in nanotechnology.