List of lichens of Soldiers Delight
The Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area consists of 1900 acres of land consisting of both serpentine barren and upland forest located in Baltimore County, Maryland, USA. This environmentally sensitive area is owned by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources [1]. Most of the area is readily accessible by using the four hiking trails that transverse the terrain.[2]. During the 19th century, the Soldiers Delight serpentine barren was extensively mined for chromite.[3]
The study of Maryland's lichens was stimulated in 1976 when Allen C. Skorepa, and his colleagues, Arnold W. Norden and Donald R. Windler were awarded a contract by the Power Plant Siting Program of the MD Department of Natural Resources to study lichens. The results of this study were reported in three publications (1977, 1979, 1984).
The following list of lichens of Soldiers Delight NEA is derived from three sources:
1) the 1977 publication by Skorepa, Norden and Windler [S,N,W]
2) lichens from Soldiers Delight in Elmer G. Worthley's personal herbarium [EGW]
3) my observations (Ed Uebel) [ECU].
Acarospora fuscata (Schrader) Arnold - [ECU]
Acarospora schleicheri (Ach.) A. Massal. - [S,N,W]
Aspicilia caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.) Arnold - [EGW] [ECU]
Bacidia schweinitzii (Fries ex E. Michener) A. Schneider - [EGW]
Buellia spuria (Schaerer) Anzi - [EGW]
Caloplaca citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. - [EGW] [ECU]
Caloplaca feracissima H. Magn. - [EGW] [ECU]
Caloplaca flavovirescens (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. - [ECU]
Caloplaca lobulata (Flörke) de Lesd. - [EGW]
Caloplaca sideritis (Tuck.) Zahlbr. - [EGW]
Candelaria concolor (Dickson) B. Stein - [EGW] [ECU]
Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg. - [EGW] [ECU]
Catapyrenium cinereum (Pers.) Körber - [EGW]
Cladonia apodocarpa Robbins - [EGW] [ECU]
Cladonia arbuscula (Wallr.) Flotow - [S,N,W] [EGW] [ECU]
Cladonia atlantica A. Evans - [S,N,W]
Cladonia boryi Tuck. - [S,N,W] (this is probably a misidentification of Cladonia caroliniana)
Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) Flörke - [ECU]
Cladonia cariosa (Ach.) Sprengel - [EGW]
Cladonia caroliniana Tuck. - [ECU]
Cladonia chlorophaea (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Sprengel - [S,N,W] [EGW] (probably a misidentification of Cladonia grayi)
Cladonia ciliata var. tenuis (Flörke) Ahti & M.J. Lai - [EGW] (a misidentification)
Cladonia coccifera (L.) Willd. - [EGW] (a misidentification)
Cladonia coniocraea (Flörke) Sprengel - [ECU]
Cladonia cristatella Tuck. - [S,N,W] [EGW] [ECU]
Cladonia gracilis (L.) Willd. subsp; gracilis - [S,N,W] [EGW]
Cladonia grayi G. Merr. ex Sandst. (complex of species) - [ECU]
Cladonia macilenta var. bacillaris (Genth) Schaerer - [S,N,W]
Cladonia peziziformis (With.) J.R. Laundon - [EGW] [ECU]
Cladonia pleurota (Flörke) Schaerer - [S,N,W] [ECU]
Cladonia rei Schaerer - [ECU]
Cladonia squamosa Hoffm. - [EGW]
Cladonia subcariosa Nyl. [Syns.: Cladonia sobolescens, Cladonia clavulifera] - [ECU]
Cladonia subtenuis (Abbayes) Mattick - [S,N,W] [EGW] [ECU]
Cladonia uncialis (L.) F. H. Wigg. - [S,N,W]
Dibaeis baeomyces (L.f.) Rambold & Hertel - [EGW]
Flavoparmelia baltimorensis (Gyelnik & Fóriss) Hale - [ECU]
Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale - [S,N,W] [ECU]
Hypocenomyce scalaris (Ach.) M. Choisy - [EGW]
Imshaugia aleurites (Ach.) S.F. Meyer - [EGW] [ECU]
Imshaugia placorodia (Ach.) S.F. Meyer - [EGW] [ECU]
Lecanora caesiorubella Ach. - [EGW]
Lecanora expallens Ach. - [EGW]
Lecanora strobilina (Sprengel) Kieffer - [ECU]
Lepraria lobificans Nyl. - [ECU]
Lepraria neglecta (Nyl.) Erichsen - [ECU]
Myelochroa aurulenta (Tuck.) Elix & Hale - [EGW] [ECU]
Parmelia sulcata Taylor - [EGW]
Parmelinopsis minarum (Vainio) Elix & Hale - [EGW]
Parmotrema hypotropum (Nyl.) Hale - [ECU]
Phaeophyscia pusilloides (Zahlbr.) Essl. - [ECU]
Phaeophyscia rubropulchra (Degel.) Essl.
Physcia adscendens (Fries) H. Oliver - [EGW]
Physcia aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fürnr. - [EGW]
Physcia millegrana Degel. - [ECU]
Physcia subtilis Degel. - [ECU]
Physconia detersa (Nyl.) Poelt - [EGW]
Placidium lachneum (Ach.) Breuss - [EGW]
Porpidia albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Hertel & Knoph - [S,N,W] [ECU]
Porpidia crustulata (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph or Porpidia macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & A.J. Schwab - [ECU]
Psorula rufonigra (Tuck.) Gotth. Schneider - [S,N,W]
Punctelia rudecta (Ach.) Krog - [EGW] [ECU]
Punctelia subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog - [S,N,W] [EGW] {ECU]
Pycnothelia papillaria Dufour - [ECU]
Pyxine sorediata (Ach.) Mont. - [ECU]
Rimelia reticulata (Taylor) Hale & Fletcher - [EGW]
Tuckermanella fendleri (Nyl.) Essl. - [S,N,W]
Tuckermannopsis ciliaris (Ach.) Gyelnik - [S,N,W] [EGW] [ECU]
Verrucaria nigrescens Pers. - [S,N,W]
Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale - [EGW]
Xanthoparmelia plittii (Gyelnik) Hale - [ECU]
Xanthoparmelia somloënsis (Gyelnik) Hale - [EGW]
DISCUSSION:
- Cladonia grayi complex - Four species (Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia cryptochlorophaea, Cladonia merochlorophaea, and Cladonia grayi) can only be separated with certainty with chemical analyses. However, Don Flenniken found that Cladonia grayi was the most abundant chemical variant in West Virginia (Flenniken 1999) and in Rhode Island [4]. Therefore Cladonia grayi is most likely the most abundant chemical variety at Soldiers Delight NEA as well.
- Morphological forms of Cladonia cristatella - Numerous forms