Ibid.
Ibid (Latin, short for "ibidem", "the same place") is the term used to provide an endnote or footnote citation or reference for a source that was cited in the last endnote or footnote. It is similar in meaning to idem, abbreviated "Id.," which is commonly used in legal citation.
To find the Ibid source, one has to look at the reference right before it, and so 'Ibid' serves a similar purpose to 'ditto marks' ( " ).
Also means: This word/phrase/concept also defined in this document.
Example
- 4. R. Millan, "Latin for dummies" (Academic, New York, 1997), p. 23.
- 5. Ibid., p. 100.
The reference in no. 5 is the same as in 4 (R. Millan, "Latin for dummies"). Note that the page number is different.
See also
- Bibliography
- MLA Handbook (may or may not apply to APA)
- Op cit
- Loc cit
- Ibid: A Life is a novel by Mark Dunn, made up entirely of endnotes.
External links
Look up ibid. in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.