RO rebellion plot

In August 2013, South Korea's spy agency accused Lee Seok-ki, a lawmaker from the leftist United Progressive Party(UPP),of plotting to overthrow the country's democratically elected government if war broke out with North Korea. He allegedly led a secret May meeting of 130 members of his party aimed at attacking South Korean infrastructure if the heighteded tensions between Koreas in the spring of 2013 had led to war.

Therefore South Korean prosecutors indicted a left-wing lawmaker Thursday on charges that he was plotting a pro-North Korea rebellion to overthrow the government, saying his plan posed a “grave” national security threat.

The investigation and legal proceeding on Lee Seok-ki and his accomplices from the UPP are still going on.

Investigation and legal proceedings

The National Intelligence Service(NIS)'s investigation

"The National Intelligence Service carried out detailed investigations into this case for the past three years and confirmed Representative Lee Seok-ki is suspected of assisting the national enemy and conspiring in a rebellon based on various evidences, such as the testimony of witnesses, the comments Lee made at several secret meetings, confiscated documents and some other materials contained in USB devices," Justice Minister Hwang Kyo-an said during a speech at the National Assembly on September 4, 2013.

The 10 major suspects who had been investigated by NIS are Lee Seok-ki(a lawmaker of the UPP), Woo Wi-young(an ex-spokesman of the UPP), Kim Hong-ryul(the Kyunggi provincial chairman of the UPP), Kim Keun-rae(a Kyunggi provincial vice chairman of the UPP), Hong Soon-seok(a Kyunggi provincial vice chairman of the UPP), Lee Sang-ho(an adviser of Kyunggi Alliance for Progressive Movement), Lee Young-chun(a Kyunggi-Paju branch manager of Korean Confederation of Trade Union), Jo Yang-won(the representative of Social Trend Institute), Han Dong-geun(a former Suwon city chairman of the UPP), Park Min-jung(a former youth chairman of the UPP). NIS had acquired court approvals for wiretapping and had been collecting a wide range of evidence by closely monitoring the secret meetings of Lee Seok-ki and his colleagues. The Nis is said to have secured recordings of Lee speaking at a meeting of the East Kyunggi Coalition, the mainstream faction of the..error

NIS investigation focuses on 'Revolutionary Organization(RO),' the true nature of which was first informed by internal whistleblower of the UPP. He, identified only as 40 year old Mr. Yi, is known to have been one of the core members of the insurgent group. Reports said Mr. Yi had been disappointed by North Korean submarine attack on a South Korean corvette in March 2010, and RO's unconditional loyalty to North Korean regime, and he finally decided to reveal the treason plot and get a 'new life.' He allegedly handed in a USB drive containing RO's doctrine and goal, members' activities, and materials for ideological study. NIS was reported to have said that Mr. Yi's statements coinside largely with what was found from the subsequent probe.

Arrest, search, and seizure

On August 28, 2013, Agents from the National Intelligence Service raided the homes and offices of an opposition lawmaker, Lee Seok-ki, and other members of a far-left opposition party detaining three of them on charges of plotting to overthrow the government.

The three persons detained were Hong Soon-seok, a Kyunggi provincial vice chairman of the UPP; Han Dong-geun, a former Suwon city chairman of the UPP; and Lee Sang-ho, an adviser of Kyunggi Alliance for Progressive Movement. And a total of 14 have been banned from leaving the country.

The NIS agents, who raided Lee Seok-ki's office in the National Assembly with the warrant at 8:10 am, faced resistance of Lee's aides and succeeded to enter the office only after 20 minutes of struggle. Inside the office, Lee Seok-ki's fellow lawmakers including Kim Mi-hee blocked the door of another Lee's office room until 3:00 pm. Ahead of the raid, Lee's aides are alleged to have shredded documents of unknown content.

Lee Seok-ki was said to appear at 6:58 am, August 28, at his studio apartment at Mapogu, the western part of Seoul, disguised and wearing a cap and ran away in a cab as soon as he found his place was being searched by investigators. He showed up at the National Assembly hall on the next day with the suspicion that he had already destroyed important evidences. Investigators allegedly seizured 57 letters that vowed loyalty to Lee Seok-ki, tap detection equipment, and 91 million won worth of bank notes(US$1 = 1,100 Korean won).

The National Assembly's approval for arrest

On September 2, 2013, South Korea's National Assembly received the government's arrest moton for lawmaker Lee Seok-ki signed by President Park Geun-hye. According to the Korean National Assembly Act, the arrest motion should be decided by vote in the plenary session 24 hours after and within 72 hours from the report of the motion. Kang Chang-hee, the speaker of the National Assembly, submitted the proposal of opening plenary session from September 2 to December 10 and put it to a vote, which was the preliminary procedure to pass the arrest motion. The proposal was passed with 255 in favor, 2 against, and 7 abstentions. Kim Mi-hee and Kim Jae-yeon from the UPP opposed the proposal. Seven abstainers, all of whom are from the opposition Democratic Party, are Moon Jae-in, Lee In-young, Kim Yong-ik, Do Jong-hwan, Yu Sung-yeop, Eun Soo-mi, and Lim Soo-kyung. Lee Seok-ki didn't participate in the vote at all.

On September 4, 2013, the South Korean National Assembly overwhelmingly passed a proposal that would lift Lee Seok-ki's legislative immunity against arrest. It is believed to be the first time the assembly has passed such a motion over rebellion charges. [1] http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-09-04/world/41737442_1_spy-agency-korean-war-rebellion The vote was 258 in favor and 14 against, with 11 abstentions and 6 invalid. The arrest was made by the National Intelligent Service in a speedy manner shortly after the Suwon District Court issued a warrant against Lee Seok-ki. In executing the warrant at Lee's office at the National Assembly, NIS investigators had nearly an hour-long confrontation with vehemently-resisting UPP members who blocked the path to Lee's Office.

Prior to the National Assembly's vote, Justice Minister Hwang Kyo-an attended the session and explained the reasons of filing the arrest motion against Lee. "Lee Seok-ki organized and led the Revolutionary Organization(RO), a rebel group, the purpose of which was to revolutionize South Korean society with 'Juche,' the North Korean communist ideology. He plotted a pro-North rebellion by instigaing the RO members to make physical and military preparation for war between Koreas, and by drawing up riot plans such as destroying the nation's infrastructure.

Minister Hwang declared that Lee Seok-ki committed following three crimes. 1. Rebellion conspiracy : A collusion and agreement between two or more persons on plans and contents of rebellion crime. According to the judicial precedent of the Supreme Court of Korea, it does not require that a detail plan of action must be conspired to constitute an offense. 2. Instigation of rebellion : Any word or action that promotes or stimulates to commit insurgency. 3. Benefiting enemy, the offense under National Security Act : To praise, inspire, propagate or conform to the activities of anti-government organization while knowing that such an act endangers national security or free democratic basic order.

According to Minister Hwang, Prosecutor's Office made a decision that Lee Seok-ki and his followers' crime is a clear danger and defiance to the free democratic basic order of the Republic of Korea, following close analyses on criminal evidences secured after the request of the arrest warrant. Prosecutors also said there are enough grounds for imprisonment of Lee Seok-ki and his accomplices, considering following facts. The members of RO, a rebellion group, abided by the rules of organizational security. Under the rules they planned and executed detailed security principles and guidelines, such as destroying evidences. It is highly possible for the criminals to obstruct the investigators' avtivities of identifying the true nature of RO.

Criminal charges and suspicion

Lee Seok-ki allegedy called on his colleagues to prepare to conduct a "speedy war" against the South Korean government should Pyongyang issue an order to attack, according to a transcript of his address during their secret meeting in May 2013. Lee, of the minor opposition United Progressive PArty, is accused of forming an underground pro-North Korean organization and plotting and instigating an armed revolt. The group, known as "RO" is thought to have been formed within the East Kyunggi Coalition and amount to around 130 members. The East Kyunggi Coalition is a left-leaning political group that backs Lee.

According to the request for Lee Seok-ki's arrest submitted to the National Assembly on September 2, 2013, Lee claimed at a meeting of the group in May 2013 that North Korea had effectively declared war and that they should prepare an offensive. "As of March 5, the North Korean People's Army command declared the armistice agreement invalid. Scrapping the armistice agreement means war. Let's prepare for war throughout the country," Lee is quoted as saying. Lee Seok-ki is also alleged to have called on his "comrades" to collaborate to show "limitless creative thinking" in their attacks. Lee also allegedly told the attendants of his supporters' rally in March 2012 that the parliament would become the "frontline for class strife," and that the current political environment would lead to separation of "revolutionary and anti-revolutionary forces."

Lee Seok-ki was reported to have said that the current bipartisan system in South Korea was a result of the American colonists' strategy to divide and control South Korea. At a secret meeting held in August 2012 near Seoul area, Lee presented the plan to 'seize power' by making his party the largest oppostion party through the 2014 local election and the 2016 general election, and by finally winning the presidential election in 2017.

The RO group allegedly discussed details of how to make preparations to strike the South Korean government and the U.S. military, such as by incapacitating internet networks and infrastructure for oil and gas supplies and other major logistical facilities in the Seoul area.

Specifically, they are known to have conspired to destroy the Hye-hwa branch of Korea Telecom Corporation, the Internet Data Center in Bundang,and the Pyung-taek distribution base.

Hye-hwa branch of KT is in charge of core telephone business and internet service. If Hye-hwa branch goes wrong, the internet speed in the country can be substantially slower. The "Internet Chaos" of South Korea in 2003 was caused by a server outage in the Hye-hwa branch, paralyzing the nationwide internet service network.

Internet Data Center in Bundang is also equipped with various internet server platforms. Even though the IDCs are located separately at various places such as Mapo, Seon-reung in Seoul, a terrorist attack on even a single IDC can cause serious telecommunication problems.

In Pyung-taek distribution base, Korea National Oil Corporation maintains a large-scale facilities that store about 6.2 million barrels of oil and liquified petrolium gas for use in case of national emergency or war. If the base is attacked, a large explosion and fire will seriously damage the storage facilities and nearby area.

In March 2013, when tension rose in Korean peninsula after North Korea vowed to nullify the armistice agreement, Lee Seok-ki allegedly issued "three major guidelines of preparing war" for the members of RO, the insurgent group. The guidelines, which were delivered by regional RO leaders like Hong Soon-seok(a Kyunggido provincial vice chairman if UPP), are as follows. 1. Build a solidarity organization for emergency as soon as possible. 2. Perform a large-scale propaganda using a crowd of people just like the time when "the Mad Cow Disease riot" hit the nation. 3. Gather information on military facilities such as U.S. Army camps, U.S. radar bases, and power plants.

The leaders of RO allegedly educated its members the method of destroying criminal evidence. On May 8, 2013, Hong Soon-seok(a Kyunggi provincial vice chairman of the UPP) gave a guideline to Han Dong-geun(a former Suwon city chairman of the UPP), urging him to break and swallow USB drives in case of emergency like investigators' raid. There is also an instruction for escape, under which RO members have to look for a hiding place of their own and always possess 100 thousand Korean won in cash. They were also told to evade the investigation authority's chase by fleeing and exchanging secret passwords when recontacting a RO member.

On April 5, 2013, at the office of Suwon Medical Cooperation, Hong Soon-seok and Han Dong-geun had a secret meeting with the RO 'cell' members, according to Lee Seok-ki's prior order. At the meeting all the members vowed loyalty to North Korea watching the North Korean war movie 'Wol-mi do island(1982)'. The movie heroizes the North Korean artillery soldiers stationed in 'Wol-mi do' island, who fought U.N. troops conducting the famous 'Incheon landing operation' in Korean War.

Lee Seok-ki requested over 80 documents from the government including confidential national defense materials related to the American and the South Korean armed forces. He requested confidential material on the U.S. and South Korean joint strategic response in case of an attack from North Korea. Since Lee was elected as a proportional representative to the National Assembly in April 2012, he requested 84 documents from 10 different government branches, of which 46 were related to military issues and 36 were related to U.S.-South Korea armed forces and relations between Seoul and Washington. In April 2013, when North Korea was protesting annual joint military drills by South Korea and the U.S., Lee requested from the Defense Ministry materials on Seoul and Washington's joint strategy in case of attack by Pyongyang. He also requested materials on the March 2013 South Korea-U.S. agreement to carry out a joint counterattack in case of any surgical strike on the South from the North, the strength of a counter-provocation plan and details on the military command in such cases of attacks. He looked into what kind of military support was available to the South in case of such an attack, including from U.S. Forces Japan and the United Nations Command. He wanted information on who has operational control in times of crisis on the Korean Peninsula and cooperation among the armed forces of South Korea, the U.S. and Japan.

Lee Seok-ki had visited North Korea on two different occasions, the South Korean government said on September 2 2013. Reports said Lee Seok-ki traveled to North Korea to secretly meet with North Korean officials. Any such meeting could link the rebellion plot to North Korea. "Records showed he was at the Mount Kumgang resort on March 31-April 1 in 2005 and again on March 16-18 of 2007," Unification Ministry spokesman Kim Hyung-suk said. Kim said that Lee went to the scenic mountain on a package tour with members of CN Communications, an advertising company he managed. The spokesman said that during the 2005 trip, Lee Seok-ki was on parole after being released from prison. He had been imprisoned for pro-North Korean activities.

Authorities reportedly found circumstantial evidence, from which it could be inferred that RO members secretly visited North Korea, contacted the North Korean spy agency, and maintained liaison with highly trained reconnaissance agents of the North. "Lee Seok-ki and RO's core members had worked in the People's Democratic Revolution Party(PDRP). Since PDRP had conducted espionage activities for North Korea receiving orders from it, it is also highly likely that RO is connected to North Korea in one way or another," the authorities said. Especially the fact that Kim Keun-rae(a Kyunggi provincial vice chairman of the UPP), Jo Yang-won(the representative of Social Trend Institute), and other RO members had visited North Korea individually or in a group, was presented as a strong circumstantial evidence.

Transcript of secret meeting(full text in Korean)

The following is 'the detailed description of crime', a part of the arrest motion for lawmaker Lee Seok-ki, received by the South Korean National Assembly on September 2, 2013. This part of the arrest motion contains a full version of dialogue transcript(in Korean language) recorded at the secret meeting of RO, the underground insurgent organization, on May 12, 2013.

RO(Revolutionary Organization), the insurgent group

doctrines and 5 obligations

The three doctrines of RO are as below : 1. Conducting revolution activities for the change of South Korean Societies with 'Juche', the North Korean guidance ideology 2. The realization of 'independence', 'democratization', and 'unification' of South Korea 3. The intensified propaganda of 'Juche' ideaology. According to the South Korean authorities, the terms 'independence', 'democratization', and 'unification', when used by North Korean regime and its followers, have quite different meanings from the ones in the dictionary. The Workers' Party of Korea(WPK), the only party in North Korea, designated those terms as the 'three major tasks' for fighting South Korea, in their 5th general assembly in 1970. For North Koreans and RO members, 'Independence' means anti-American movement to expel 'the American colonists' from South Korea. 'Democratization' is to overthrow the current South Korean government, which they think fascist. For them 'Unification' must be realized under the North Korean communist system.

RO members' five major obligations are as follows 1. Protection of organization 2. Learning of ideaology 3. Share of expenses 4. Division of work 5.Conforming to the organizational culture.

Organizational structure

The RO was reported to have been organized in 2003 by the lead of Lee Seok-ki with about 130 persons, most of whom had been the member of the Southern Kyunggi Committee of the People's Democratic Revolutionary Party(PDRP), the illegal pro-North Korean organization.

The organizational structure of RO, provided by the National Intelligence Service, is as follows. Under Lee Seok-ki, the person in charge, the RO has 'the Central Committee' which consists of four regional and two sectional divisions. The four regional divisions are the Eastern Kyunggi, the Southern Kyunggi, the Central West Kyunggi, and the Northern Kyunggi, where 'Kyunggi' is the name of a province that forms a big metropolitan area around Seoul city. the Eastern Kyunggi is led by Jo Yang-won(the representative of Social Trend Institute), a senior cell leader, and Kim Keun-rae(a Kyunggi provincial vice chairman of the UPP) a junior cell leader. Lee Sang-ho(an adviser of Kyunggi Alliance for Progressive Movement), a senior cell leader, is in charge of the Southern Kyunggi. The Central West Kyunggi is controlled by Hong Soon-seok(a Kyunggi provincial vice chairman of the UPP), a senior cell leader, and Han Dong-geun(a former Suwon city chairman of the UPP), a junior cell leader. The Northern Kyunggi is under the charge of Kim Hong-ryul(the Kyunggi provincial chairman of the UPP), a senior cell leader, and Lee Young-chun(a Kyunggi-Paju branch manager of Korean Confederation of Trade Union), a junior cell leader. The two sectional divisions are the Central Team led by Woo Wi-young(an ex-spokesman of the UPP) and the Youth Team managed by Park Min-jung(a former youth chairman of the UPP).

Affiliation and conforming process

The procedure for affiliation with RO is made up of three stages, which are 'education meeting', 'ideaology circle', and 'acquisition of membership'. In the 'education meeting' level, RO candidates learn the basic communist ideaology with text books like 'the Rewritten Modern History of Korea', in order to become 'Juche'(the North Korean philosophy of communism) activists. Those who showed eagerness to learn and finished the first stage move up to the second level of 'ideology circle' where they get intensified ideaological education with the oroginal North Korean textbooks such as 'About Juche ideaology', 'The Juche revolutionary view on organizations', 'Memoirs of Kim Il-sung', and 'The collection of Kim Il-sung's writtings'. At the final stage, candidates formally become the members of RO through all the procedures of writing and evaluating resumes, statement of resolution, and recommendation letters. In the initiation ceremony, usually held in an isolated place near seashore or mountain, when the question is asked "Who is our boss?", candidates have to answer "Secretary Kim Jun-il", the former leader of North Korea who died in November 2011.

History of RO

The origin of RO is closely related to the People's Democratic Revolutionary Party(PDRP), the underground insurgent organization founded back in 1990s. In 1998 the National Intelligence Service of South Korea found the connection between North Korean spies and the PDRP through analyses on the evidences like North Korean spies' note books secured from wrecked North Korean semisubmarine boat. The core figure of the PDRP was Kim Young-hwan who wrote the book 'Iron Letters' widely known as a textbook of 'Juche', the North Korean communist ideaology, in 1980s. In 1989 Kim Young-hwan secretly visited North Korea, joined the communist Workers' Party of Korea, and met Kim Il-song, the leader of North Korea at the time. After that he organized the PDRP with comrades like Ha Young-wook, his alumnus of Seoul University law major. In 1999 Kim Young-hwan was imprisoned for violation of National Security Act, but soon walked out of jail with indictment postponed after having written a pledge for 'ideaology change'

Lee Seok-ki also played an important role in the foundation of PDRP as by participating in the inaugural ceremony and actively supporting the party's doctrine, "Let's win the people's independence under the ideological guidance of 'Juche', the North Korean communism." In 2002 Lee Seok-ki was involved in the espionage case centered on the PDRP, and in 2003 he was sentenced to 30 months in prison for violating the National Security Act. But on August 15, 2003, he was granted a special pardon for the Independence Day commemoration and released on parole.

The National Intelligence Service believes that the PDRP's doctrines and the goal of communist revolution survived in the RO even though the party had been broken up. The ground for the belief is that the RO's four regional divisions of Kyunggi came from 'the Committee of Southern Kyunggi' which was one of the branches of PDRP, and that Lee Seok-ki, the RO's leader, was found to have served as the chief of the committee. The NIS estimates that the RO was organized in late 2003 when Lee Seok-ki was released from prison by the special pardon.

United Progress Party's resistance

Suspected destruction of evidence

On August 28, 2013, the NIS agents raided Lee Seok-ki's office with the warrant at 8:10 am, but faced resistance of Lee's aides and succeeded to enter the office only after 20 minutes of struggle. Inside the office, Lee Seok-ki's fellow lawmakers including Kim Mi-hee blocked the door of another Lee's office room until 3:00 pm.

Ahead of the raid, Lee's aides are alleged to have shredded documents of unknown content.

On August 28, 2013, Lee Seok-ki allegedly took a taxi and ran away in disguise when he found the investigators searching and seizing his place, according to the report of Channel A, a South Korean TV network. On the next day Lee explained he stayed at a place in Seoul. Owing to his running away the execution of the search warrant on his body had to be delayed until the next day.

Resisting arrest

On September 2nd at 10:30 a.m., at one of the National Assembly's meeting rooms, Kim Jae-yeon and Kim Mi-hee, fellow lawmakers of Lee Seok-ki from United Progressive Party(UPP), confronted with the passage of the arrest motion for Lee, appealed to lawmakers from Democratic Party to help Lee. They distributed them 'the statement of appeal' saying that Lee is innocent of insurgency plot and the NIS investigation is merely McCarthyism and a witch hunt. And about 200 members of UPP's regional committee crowded in front of the Nationa Assembly's building and collided with security guards there shouting "Stop approving the arrest motion for Lee."

On September 4, 2013, members of the UPP fiercely protested and collided with the NIS investigators executing the arrest warrant for Lee Seok-ki. The NIS, for the execution of the warrant, sent about 60 investigators to Lee's office in the National Assembly's hall, but they were blocked by the UPP members' violence. Abot 30 people from UPP cursed, pushed, and even beat the NIS investigators.

Denying charges and changing statements

On August 31, 2013, the United Progressive Party(UPP) held a demonstration in protest of NIS's investigation of Lee Seok-ki and other members of the party on charge of insurgency plot, in front of NIS building in Seocho-Gu, Seoul. In the protest, titled as 'a rally against NIS's fabrication of charges and repression', the UPP lawmakers Lee Seok-ki, Lee Jung-hee, and Oh Byung-yoon participated and about 1,500 people(calculation by police) rallied. "This case is a complete set-up. NIS must stop spreading false information and reveal the video recordings of the plot meeting, if they have any" the UPP chairwoman Lee Jung-hee said in the rally.

The UPP lawmakers' continuous changing of their previous comments aroused controversies. At first, Lee Seok-ki said "I have never mentioned firearms" denying all the suspicions. But he changed his initial statement and said "It is just a piece of transcript edited with a few keywords," soon after the recording of secret meeting was released. He was found to have said "Even a gun can be more valuable than tens of thousands of nuclear weapons," at the meeting. Lee Seok-ki even denied holding the May 12 secret meeting by saying, "All the charges were fabricated". But after the detail transcript of the meeting was open to public, the UPP spokesman Hong Sung-gyu explained, "The meeting was held by Kyunggi regional branch of the UPP, where Lee Seok-ki was invited to make lectures on current political issues", virtually accepting the secret meeting was held. The UPP lawmaker Kim Jae-yeonn also changed her comments from "There was no such meeting in May" to "I participated in the meeting".

On September 4, 2013, the UPP Chairwoman Lee Jung-hee convened a press conference and told reporters that everything Lee Seok-ki and RO members said at the May 12 meeting was a "joke." "Among the 130 attendees, only one or two of them mentioned weapons or destroying facilities, but it was a kind of a joke, and although some said things like that, the others just laughed." the chairwoman said. Her comments conflicted with previous ones. When the prosecution first revealed the insurrection allegation, She and other UPP members said they were "fabricated" and even denied that the May 12 meeting took place.

On September 4, 2013, just before the passage of arrest motion for Lee Seok-ki in the National Assembly, Lee was given a chance to make a final explanation before the vote and claimed, "A report of the New York Times also compared the NIS investigation to the past regime's political repression on dissidents in 1970s, 'Yushin' era." But his comments turned out to be false. The corresponding report of NYT merely quoted the UPP's comments. Lee Seok-ki deceived people by saying as if the comparison were the NYT's own opinion. The original text of NYT report on August 28, 2013, is as follows ; On Wednesday, the United Progressive Party said that the raid was reminiscent of the Yushin, or "revitalization," era, when Ms. Park's father, Park Chung-hee ruled the country with an iron fist.

Opinions

On September 2, 2013, the National Assembly held a general meeting to hear the government report on the arrest motion for lawmaker Lee Seok--ki. At the meeting the lawmakers from the Democratic Party, the biggest oppostion party, commented on Lee's case as follows. "We had a good job of drawing a clear line between our party and Lee Seok-ki"(Won Hye-young), "At this moment, sympathy is dangerous"(Seol Hoon), and "Lee Seok-ki's kind of idea will not helpful for us to seize power in the future"(Kim Sung-ju). The lawmakers all agreed that the arrest motion had to be passed quickly.

On the other hand, on August 29, 2013, the student president of Korea University at Sejong city, when asked by a student about the student council's opinion on Lee's case, said, "Even when our ancestors crowded the streets shouting 'Independence of our country' on March 1, 1919, some people would have supported the police's law enforcement and said 'They are protesting again. What in the world are they doing to the great Japanese emperor?' And I think similar thing happens at the present time." By saying that he compared Lee Seok-ki to the heroes of Korean independence during the Japanese colonial period.