Ibn al-Shatir
Ibn al-Shatir (or Ibn ash-Shatir) (1304–1375) was an Arab Islamic astronomer. He worked as muwaqqit (religious timekeeper) in the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus and constructed a magnificent sundial for its minaret in 1371/72.
His most important astronomical treatise was kitab nihayat al-sul fi tashih al-usul ("The Final Quest Concerning the Rectification of Principles"). In it he drastically reformed the Ptolemaic models of the Sun, Moon and planets, eliminating the eccentric and equant by introducing extra epicycles.
Although his system was firmly geocentric (he had eliminated the Ptolemaic eccentrics), the mathematical details of his system were identical to those in Copernicus's De revolutionibus.[1] A possible influence of ibn al-Shatir's model on Copernicus has been proposed, but remains uncertain lacking evidence for the transmission of Islamic ideas to Western Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries.
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Ibn al-Shatir also wrote a treatise called "Hidayat al-'amil bi 'l-rub' al-kamil".
Notes
- ^ The model Copernicus used in his earlier Commentariolus differs in minor detail from that of ibn al-Shatir. V. Roberts and E. S. Kennedy, "The Planetary Theory of Ibn al-Shatir", Isis, 50(1959):232-234.
References
- Fernini, Ilias. A Bibliography of Scholars in Medieval Islam. Abu Dhabi (UAE) Cultural Foundation, 1998
- Kennedy, Edward S. "Late Medieval Planetary Theory." Isis 57 (1966):365-378.
- Kennedy, Edward S. and Ghanem, Imad. The Life and Work of Ibn al-Shatir, an Arab Astronomer of the Fourteenth Century. Aleppo: History of Arabic Science Institute, University of Aleppo, 1976.
- Roberts, Victor. "The Solar and Lunar Theory of Ibn ash-Shatir: A Pre-Copernican Copernican Model". Isis, 48(1957):428-432.
- Roberts, Victor and Edward S. Kennedy. "The Planetary Theory of Ibn al-Shatir". Isis, 50(1959):227-235.
- Saliba, George. "Theory and Observation in Islamic Astronomy: The Work of Ibn al-Shatir of Damascus". Journal for the History of Astronomy, 18(1987):35-43.
- Turner, Howard R. Science in Medieval Islam, an illustrated introduction. University of Texas Press, Austin, 1995. ISBN 0292781490 (pb) ISBN 0292781474 (hc)
External links
- http://faculty.kfupm.edu.sa/phys/alshukri/PHYS215/Islamic%20astronomy.htm
- http://www.riifs.org/review_articles/review_v1no2_sliba.htm
- http://www.angelfire.com/il/Fernini/ifscience.html
- http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~anoop/weblog/archives/000080.html