Griko language
Griko, sometimes spelled Grico, is a language combining ancient Greek, Byzantine Greek and Italian elements. Griko is spoken by people in the Magna Graecia region in southern Italy and Sicily, and it is otherwise known as the Grecanic language. Greeks often call the language Katoitaliótika (Greek: Κατωιταλιώτικα, "Southern Italian") and sometimes Calabrian, although the latter may also serve as an euphemism for a Greek-Italian pidgin language.
Two small Griko-speaking communities survive today in Calabria and Salento. The Griko-speaking area of Salento comprises nine small towns in the Grecía Salentina region (Calimera, Martano, Castrignano dei Greci, Corigliano d'Otranto, Melpignano, Soleto, Sternatia, Zollino, Martignano), with a total of 40,000 inhabitants. The Calabrian Griko region also consists of nine villages in Bovesia, but its population is significantly smaller.
There are two main theories regarding Griko's origin:
- Morosi's theory (1870), claiming that Griko stems from the language of Byzantine settlers in the 9th century CE.
- The theory by Gerhard Rohlfs and G. Hatzidakis, claiming that Griko's roots go further back in history, to the time of the ancient Greek colonisation of Magna Graecia, in the 8th century BCE.
The latter is backed by evidence regarding the multitude of Doric words and other ancient Greek items of vocabulary in Griko.
Griko and modern Greek are mutually intelligible.
There is rich oral tradition and Griko folklore. Griko songs, music and poetry are particularly popular in Italy and Greece.
The Italian parliament has recognized the Griko community of Salento as an ethnic and linguistic minority, under the name of "Minoranze linguistice Grike dell Etnia Griko-Salentina" (linguistic minority of the Griko-Salentinian ethnicity).
Sample Griko text
from Kalinifta, a popular Griko song:
Griko
Εβώ πάντα σε σένα πενσέω,
γιατί σένα φσυχή μου 'γαπώ,
τσαι που πάω, που σύρνω, που στέω
στην καρδιά μου πάντα σένα βαστώ.
Modern Greek
Εγώ πάντα εσένα σκέφτομαι,
γιατί εσένα ψυχή μου αγαπώ,
και όπου πάω, όπου σέρνομαι, όπου στέκομαι,
στην καρδιά μου πάντα εσένα βαστώ.
English
I always think of you,
because I love you, my soul,
and wherever I go, wherever I drag myself into, wherever I stay,
I always hold you inside my heart.
External links
- Grika milume! An online Griko community
- Enosi Griko, Coordination of Grecia Salentina Associations
- Grecía Salentina official site (in Italian)
- Salento Griko (in Italian)