Value (personal and cultural)
Each individual has a core of underlying values that contribute to their system of beliefs, ideas and/or opinions (see value in semiotics). Integrity in the application of a "value" ensures its continuity and this continuity separates a value from beliefs, opinion and ideas. In this context a value (e.g. Truth or Equality or Greed) is part of the core value system from which one operates or reacts. These values can be grouped into six categories:
- Ethics (good - bad, virtue - vice, moral - immoral - amoral, right - wrong, permissible - impermissible)
- Aesthetics (beautiful, ugly, unbalanced, pleasing)
- Doctrinal (political, ideological, religious or social beliefs and values)
- Innate/Inborn (inborn values such as reproduction and survival, a controversial category)
- Non-use/passive - includes the value based on something never used or seen, or something left for the next generation.
- Potential/option - the value of something that's known to be only potentially valuable, such as a plant that might be found to have medicinal value in the future.
Value System
A value system is the ordered and prioritized set of values (usually of the ethical and doctrinal categories described above) that an individual's culture upholds.
Virtues
A virtue is a character trait which is evaluated as being good. Some values recognized as virtues in various Western cultures might include:
Societies have values (norms) that are largely shared among many of the participants. In this case those participants share a culture, even when an individual participant's cultural values might not entirely agree with some normative values sanctioned in the larger society.
Clash of differing Values
If some individuals were to choose a value which might be wrong, impermissible, or taboo to the norms of society, they also risk a state-sanctioned action against themselves in the name of law. That society might cast out (shun) that individual member from that society in the name of justice, for example.
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