Masaoka Shiki

Masaoka Shiki (正岡 子規 Masaoka Shiki; September 17, 1867, Matsuyama - September 19, 1902, Tokyo) is a Japanese author, poet, critic and journalist.

An accomplished haiku poet revered as the last of the four great masters, he is known as a critic of Matsuo Basho and often credited with single-handedly revitalizing the art form. He also was among a number of poets who helped to revitalize the tanka form at the beginning of the 20th Century.

Shiki attended college in Tokyo with Natsume Soseki and Akiyama Saneyuki, later dropping out to work as a columnist for the newspaper company Nippon. He suffered from tuberculosis and was cared for in his final days by his mother and sister. With the aid of others, he was able to dictate his final haiku from his futon.

Shiki claimed that Japanese poetry should be modernized, and coined the terms haiku (replacing hokku) and tanka (replacing waka). His contribution as a critic is rediscovery of Man'yōshū and revaluation of Minamoto no Sanetomo, the third shogun of Kamakura Shogunate. He also rehabilitated the opinion of the haiku of Yosano Buson.

External links

• e-texts of Shiki's works (Japanese only) at Aozora bunko
• Selected Poems (haiku and tanka) of Masaoka Shiki, Translated by Janine Beichman at University of Virginia Library Japanese Text Initiativepoem translations from 'Masaoka Shiki' by Janine Beichman, Kodansha Intl. Edition 1986 ISBN 087011753X, Cheng & Tsui Edition 2002 ISBN 0887273645