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Zhoubi Suanjing

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The Chou Pei Suan Ching (周髀算经, The Arithmetic Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven) is one of the oldest and most famous Chinese mathematical texts.

This book dates from the period of the Han Dynasty (206 BC to AD 220). It is an anonymous collection of 246 problems encountered by a Chinese prince and his astrologer. Each question has stated their numerical answer and corresponding arithmetic algorithm. This book contains one of the first recorded proofs of the Pythagorean Theorem.

Commentators such as Liu Hui (AD 263), Zu Geng (early sixth century), Li Chunfeng (602–670) and Yang Hui (AD 1270) have expanded on this text.