Ottoman Empire
A state established by Turkish people. It grew from a small state of northwestern Anatolia in the early 14th century into an empire. By the 16th century it reached from the Persian Gulf in the east to Hungary in the northwest. Not long after reaching its apex under Suleiman the Magnificent (reigned 1520-1566), it began a long decline, which ended four years after the defeat of the empire by the Allies in World War I.
The following were the sultans of the Ottoman Empire:
- Osman I (1299-1326)
- Orhan I (1326-1359)
- Murad I (1359-1389)
- Beyazid I (1389-1402)
- Mehmed I (1403-1421)
- Murad II (1421-1451)
- Mehmed II (the Conqueror) (1451-1481)
- Beyazid II (1481-1512)
- Selim I (1512-1520)
- Suleiman I (the Magnificient) (1520-1566)
- Selim II (1566-1574)
- Murat III (1574-1595)
- Mehmed III (1595-1603)
- Ahmed I (1603-1617)
- Mustafa I (1617-1618)
- Osman II (1618-1622)
- Mustafa I (1622-1623)
- Murat IV (1623-1640)
- Ibrahim I (1640-1648)
- Mehmed IV (1648-1687)
- Suleiman II (1687-1691)
- Ahmed II (1691-1695)
- Mustafa II (1695-1703)
- Ahmed III (1703-1730)
- Mahmud I (1730-1754)
- Osman III (1754-1757)
- Mustafa III (1757-1774)
- Abd-ul-Hamid I (1774-1789)
- Selim III (1789-1807)
- Mustafa IV (1807-1808)
- Mahmud II (1808-1839)
- Abd-ul-Mejid (1839-1861)
- Abd-ul-Aziz (1861-1876)
- Murat V (1876)
- Abd-ul-Hamid II (1876-1909)
- Mehmed V (Resad) (1909-1918)
- Mehmed VI (Vahdettin) (1918-1922)