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Parvularia

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Parvularia atlantis
File:Parvularia atlantis.tif
Amoebal and cystic cells of Parvularia atlantis
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
(unranked):
Opisthokonta
(unranked):
Holomycota
Class:
Cristidiscoidea
Order:
Nucleariida
Species:
P. atlantis
Binomial name
Parvularia atlantis
David López-Escardó

Parvularia atlantis was isolated from a lake in Atlanta (Georgia, US) and deposited in the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) under the name Nuclearia sp. ATCC 50694  on 1997 by TK Sawyer. It was classified under the genus Nuclearia because it is a filopodiated amoeba and morphologically resembles to Nuclearia species, although it is smaller (the diameter of the cell body measures approximateley 4µm compared to Nuclearia species, which range between 9-60µm). Later it was determined that it phylogenetically belongs to a new nucleariid lineage[1], distantly related to Nuclearia and Fonticula genera –the other two previously described nucleriid genera–.

Thus, Parvularia atlantis emerged as a new genus and a new species at the onset of Holomycota, which contain a set of phylogenetic and morphological characteristics that make this species unique. P. atlantis feeds on rod-shaped bacteria and present uni- or bi- nucleated cells. During its life cycle, P. atlantis can form sphaerical cystic cells which cointain an embedded extracellular coat. P. atlantis is not the first case in which a filopodiated amoeba was misassigned to the Nuclearia genera. The amoeba Capsaspora owczarzaki was previously described as well as a Nuclearia [2], until phylogenetic approaches placed Capsapsora outside Holomycota, within Holozans [3][4][5][6][7].

Its transcriptomic data is already available [8][9][10].

References

  1. ^ López-Escardó, David; López-García, Purificación; Moreira, David; Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki; Torruella, Guifré. "Parvularia atlantis gen. et sp. nov., a Nucleariid Filose Amoeba (Holomycota, Opisthokonta)". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology: n/a–n/a. doi:10.1111/jeu.12450. ISSN 1550-7408.
  2. ^ Owczarzak, A.; Stibbs, H. H.; Bayne, C. J. (1980-01-01). "The destruction of Schistosoma mansoni mother sporocysts in vitro by amoebae isolated from Biomphalaria glabrata: an ultrastructural study". Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 35 (1): 26–33. doi:10.1016/0022-2011(80)90079-8.
  3. ^ Zettler, Linda a. Amaral; Nerad, Thomas A.; O'kelly, Charles J.; Sogin, Mitchell L. (2001-05-01). "The Nucleariid Amoebae: More Protists at the Animal-Fungal Boundary". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 48 (3): 293–297. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00317.x. ISSN 1550-7408.
  4. ^ Hertel, Lynn A; Bayne, Christopher J; Loker, Eric S (2002-08-01). "The symbiont Capsaspora owczarzaki, nov. gen. nov. sp., isolated from three strains of the pulmonate snail Biomphalaria glabrata is related to members of the Mesomycetozoea". International Journal for Parasitology. 32 (9): 1183–1191. doi:10.1016/S0020-7519(02)00066-8.
  5. ^ Medina, Mónica; Collins, Allen G.; Taylor, John W.; Valentine, James W.; Lipps, Jere H.; Amaral-Zettler, Linda; Sogin, Mitchell L. (2003/07). "Phylogeny of Opisthokonta and the evolution of multicellularity and complexity in Fungi and Metazoa". International Journal of Astrobiology. 2 (3): 203–211. doi:10.1017/S1473550403001551. ISSN 1475-3006. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki; Inagaki, Yuji; Davis, Lesley A.; Sperstad, Sigmund; Landfald, Bjarne; Roger, Andrew J. (2004-11-23). "Capsaspora owczarzaki is an independent opisthokont lineage". Current Biology. 14 (22): R946 – R947. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.10.037.
  7. ^ Ruiz-Trillo, Iňaki; Lane, Christopher E.; Archibald, John M.; Roger, Andrew J. (2006-09-01). "Insights into the Evolutionary Origin and Genome Architecture of the Unicellular Opisthokonts Capsaspora owczarzaki and Sphaeroforma arctica". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 53 (5): 379–384. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2006.00118.x. ISSN 1550-7408.
  8. ^ Multicellgenome, Lab,; Guifré, Torruella, (2017-09-26). "Transcriptome - Parvularia atlantis (Nuclearia sp. ATCC 50694)". figshare. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.3898485.v4.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ Mendoza, Alex de; Sebé-Pedrós, Arnau; Šestak, Martin Sebastijan; Matejčić, Marija; Torruella, Guifré; Domazet-Lošo, Tomislav; Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki (2013-12-10). "Transcription factor evolution in eukaryotes and the assembly of the regulatory toolkit in multicellular lineages". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (50): E4858 – E4866. doi:10.1073/pnas.1311818110. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 24277850.
  10. ^ Suga, Hiroshi; Torruella, Guifré; Burger, Gertraud; Brown, Matthew W.; Ruiz-Trillo, Iñaki (March 2014). "Earliest Holozoan expansion of phosphotyrosine signaling". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 31 (3): 517–528. doi:10.1093/molbev/mst241. ISSN 1537-1719. PMC 4342544. PMID 24307687.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)


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