List of state leaders in 1999

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1999.

Africa

• Algeria
  • President -
    1. Liamine Zéroual, President of Algeria (1994–1999)
    2. Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Smail Hamdani, Prime Minister of Algeria (1998–1999)
    2. Ahmed Benbitour, Prime Minister of Algeria (1999–2000)
• Angola -
  • President - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Fernando José de Franca Dias van Dúnem, Prime Minister of Angola (1996–29 January 1999)
    2. Position eliminated
• Benin - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1996-2006)
• Botswana
  • President - Festus Mogae, President of Botswana (1998-present)
• Burkina Faso
  • President - Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987-present)
  • Prime Minister - Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (1996-2000)
• Cape Verde
  • President - Aristides Pereira, António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President of Cape Verde (1991-2001)
  • Prime Minister - Carlos Veiga, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1991-2000)
• Comoros
  • President -
    1. Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde, President of the Comoros (1998-1999)
    2. Azali Assoumani, President of the Comoros (1999-2002)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Abbas Djoussouf, Prime Minister of the Comoros (1998-1999)
    2. Bianrifi Tarmidi, Prime Minister of the Comoros (1999-2000)
• Côte d'Ivoire
  • President -
    1. Henri Konan Bédié, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1993-1999)
    2. Robert Guéï, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1999-2000)
  • Prime Minister - Daniel Kablan Duncan, Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire (1993-1999)
• Djibouti -
  • President -
    1. Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977–1999)
    2. Ismail Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978–2001)
• Equatorial Guinea
  • President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979-present)
  • Prime Minister - Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1996-2001)
• Eritrea - Isaias Afwerki, President of Eritrea (1993-present)
• Ethiopia
  • President - Negasso Gidada, President of Ethiopia (1995-2001)
  • Prime Minister - Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995-present)
• Gabon
  • President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967-present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Paulin Obame-Nguema, Prime Minister of Gabon (1994-1999)
    2. Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane, Prime Minister of Gabon (1999-2006)
• The Gambia - Yahya Jammeh, President of The Gambia (1994–present)
• Guinea
  • President - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Sidia Touré, Prime Minister of Guinea (1996–1999)
    2. Lamine Sidimé, Prime Minister of Guinea (1999–2004)
• Kenya - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978-2002)
• Lesotho
  • Monarch - Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996-present)
  • Prime Minister - Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998-present)
• Liberia - Charles Taylor, President of Liberia (1997-2003)
• Malawi - Bakili Muluzi, President of Malawi (1994-2004)
• Mali
  • President - Alpha Oumar Konaré, President of Mali (1992-2002)
  • Prime Minister - Ibrahim Boubacar Keita, Prime Minister of Mali (1994-2000)
• Mauritania
  • President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984-2005)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Mohamed Lemine Ould Guig, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1997-1998)
    2. Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1998-2003)
• Mauritius
  • President - Cassam Uteem, President of Mauritius (1992-2002)
  • Prime Minister - Navin Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1995-2000)
• Mozambique
  • President - Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986-2005)
  • Prime Minister - Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1994-2004)
• Namibia
  • President - Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990-2005)
  • Prime Minister - Hage Geingob, Prime Minister of Namibia (1990-2002)
• Nigeria
  • President -
    1. Abdulsalami Abubakar, President of Nigeria (1998-1999)
    2. Olusegun Obasanjo, President of Nigeria (1999-present)
• Rwanda
  • President - Pasteur Bizimungu, President of Rwanda (1994-2000)
  • Prime Minister - Pierre-Célestin Rwigema, Prime Minister of Rwanda (1995-2000)
• São Tomé and Príncipe
  • President - Manuel Pinto da Costa, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1991-2001)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Raul Bragança Neto, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1996-1999)
    2. Guilherme Posser da Costa, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1999-2001)
  • Principe - Damião Vaz d'Almeida, President of the Regional Government of Principe (1995–2002)
• Senegal
  • President - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981-2000)
  • Prime Minister - Mamadou Lamine Loum, Prime Minister of Senegal (1998-2000)
• Seychelles - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977-2004)
• Swaziland
  • Monarch - Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986-present)
  • Prime Minister - Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1996-2003)
• Togo
  • President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967-2005)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Kwassi Klutse, Prime Minister of Togo (1996-1999)
    2. Eugene Koffi Adoboli, Prime Minister of Togo (1999-2000)
• Uganda -
  • President - Yoweri Museveni, Chairman of the military council (1986-present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Kinto Musoke, Prime Minister of Uganda (1994-1999)
    2. Apolo Nsibambi, Prime Minister of Uganda (1999-present)
• Zambia
  • President - Frederick Chiluba, President of Zambia (1991–2002)
• Zimbabwe - Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–present)

Asia

• Afghanistan
  • Head of State/Government (Taliban)-
    • Mullah Mohammad Rabbani, Head of the Taliban Supreme Council (1996–2001)
    • Mullah Mohammad Omar, Head of State (1996–2001)
  • Head of State/Government (Afghan Northern Alliance) - Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan (1992–2001)
• Bangladesh
  • President - Shahabuddin Ahmed, President of Bangladesh (1996–2001)
  • Prime Minister - Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1996–2001)
• Brunei
  • Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)
  • Prime Minister - Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
• People's Republic of China
  • Communist Party Leader- Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1989–2002)
  • President - Jiang Zemin, President of the People's Republic of China (1993–2003)
  • Premier - Zhu Rongji, Premier of the State Council (1998–2003)
  • Hong Kong - Tung Chee Hwa, Chief Executive of Hong Kong (1997–2005)
  • Macau - Edmund Ho, Chief Executive of Macau (1999–present)
• India -
  • President - Kocheril Raman Narayanan, President of India (1997–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Atal Behari Vajpayee, Prime Minister of India (1998–present)
• Iran
  • Supreme Leader - Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
  • President - Mohammad Khatami, President of Iran (1997–2005)
• Japan
  • Monarch - Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989-present)
  • Prime Minister - Keizo Obuchi, Prime Minister of Japan (1998–2000)
• North Korea
  • Dear Leader - Kim Jong-il, Chairman of the National Defense Commission (1993-present)
  • Head of State (de facto) - Kim Yong-nam, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly (1998-present)
  • Premier - Hong Song-nam, Premier of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (1997–2003)
• South Korea
  • President - Kim Dae-jung, President of the Republic of Korea (1998–2003)
  • Prime Minister - Kim Jong Pil, Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (1998–2000)
• Mongolia
  • President - Natsagiyn Bagabandi, President of Mongolia (1997–2005)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Janlavyn Narantsatsralt, Prime Minister of Mongolia (1998–1999)
    2. Nyam-Osoryn Tuyaa, ActingPrime Minister of Mongolia (1999)
    3. Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal, Prime Minister of Mongolia (1999–2000)
• Nepal
  • Monarch - Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, King of Nepal (1972–2001)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime Minister of Nepal (1998-1999)
    2. Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, Prime Minister of Nepal (1999–2000)
• Pakistan -
  • President - Mohammad Rafiq Tarar, President of Pakistan (1998–2001)
  • Head of Government -
    1. Nawaz Sharif, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1997–1999)
    2. Pervez Musharraf, Chief Executive of Pakistan (1999–2002)
• Singapore
  • President -
    1. Ong Teng Cheong, President of Singapore (1993-1999)
    2. S.R. Nathan, President of Singapore (1999-present)
  • Prime Minister - Goh Chok Tong, Prime Minister of Singapore (1990-2004)
• Taiwan (Republic of China)
  • President - Lee Teng-hui, President of the Republic of China (1988–2000)
  • Premier - Vincent Siew, President of the Executive Yuan (1997–2000)

Australia and Oceania

• Australia
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir William Deane, Governor-General of Australia (1996–2001)
  • Prime Minister - John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia (1996–present)

• Fiji -
  • President - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, President of Fiji (16 December, 1993–29 May, 2000)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Sitiveni Rabuka, Prime Minister of Fiji (2 June, 1992–19 May, 1999)
    2. Mahendra Chaudhry, Prime Minister of Fiji (19 May, 1999–27 May, 2000)

• New Zealand
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand, (1953 - present)
  • Governor-General - The Rt Hon. Sir Michael Hardie Boys, (1996 - 2001)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Jenny Shipley, Prime Minister of New Zealand, (8 December 1997 - 5 December 1999)
    2. Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand, (5 December 1999 - present)

• Palau - Kuniwo Nakamura, President of Palau (1993-2001)

• Tonga
  • Monarch - Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965 – 2006)
  • Prime Minister - Baron Vaea of Houma, Prime Minister of Tonga, (1991 – 2000)

• Tuvalu
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
  • Governor-General - Sir Tomasi Puapua, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1998–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Bikenibeu Paeniu, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1996–1999)
    2. Ionatana Ionatana, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1999–2000)

Europe

• Albania
  • President - Rexhep Meidani, President of Albania (1997–2002)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Pandeli Majko, Prime Minister of Albania (1998–1999)
    2. Ilir Meta, Prime Minister of Albania (1999–2002)
• Andorra
  • Co-Princes
    • Jacques Chirac, President of France (1995–present)
    • Joan Martí Alanis, Bishop of Urgell (1971–2003)
  • Head of Government - Marc Forné, Executive Council President (1994–present)
• Austria
  • President - Thomas Klestil, Federal President of Austria (1992–2004)
  • Chancellor - Viktor Klima, Chancellor of Austria (1997–2000)
• Belgium
  • King - Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Jean-Luc Dehaene, Prime Minister of Belgium (1992–1999)
    2. Guy Verhofstadt, Prime Minister of Belgium (1999–present)
• Czech Republic -
  • President - Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic (1993–2003)
  • Prime Minister - Miloš Zeman, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1998–2002)
• Denmark
  • Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
  • Prime Minister - Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1993–2001)
• Estonia
  • President - Lennart Meri, President of Estonia (1992 – 2001)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Mart Siimann, Prime Minister of Estonia (1997 – 1999)
    2. Mart Laar, Prime Minister of Estonia (1999 – 2002)
• Finland
  • President - Martti Ahtisaari, President of Finland, (1994–2000)
  • Prime Minister - Paavo Lipponen, Prime Minister of Finland, (1995–2003)
• France -
  • President - Jacques Chirac, President of France (1995–present)
  • Prime Minister - Lionel Jospin, Prime Minister of France (1997–2002)
• Georgia
  • President - Eduard Shevardnadze, President of Georgia (1995–2003)
  • Prime Minister - Vazha Lortkipanidze, Prime Minister of Georgia (1998–2000)
  • Abkhazia
    • President - Vladislav Ardzinba, President of Abkhazia (1994–2005)
    • Prime Minister -
    1. Sergei Bagapsh, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1997–1999)
    2. Vyacheslav Tsugba, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1999–2001)
• Germany -
  • President -
    1. Roman Herzog, President of Germany (1994–1999)
    2. Johannes Rau, President of Germany (1999–2004)
  • Chancellor - Gerhard Schröder, Chancellor of Germany (1998–2005)
• Hungary
  • President - Árpád Göncz, President of Hungary (1990–2000)
  • Prime Minister - Viktor Orbán, Prime Minister of Hungary (1998–2002)
• Iceland
  • President - Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President of Iceland (1996–present)
  • Prime Minister - Davíð Oddsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1991–2004)
• Ireland -
  • President - Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997–present)
  • Prime Minister - Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach (1997–present)
• Italy -
  • President -
    1. Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, President of the Italian Republic (1992–1999)
    2. Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President of the Italian Republic (1999–2006)
  • Prime Minister - Massimo D'Alema, Prime Minister of Italy (1998–2000)
• Latvia -
  • President -
    1. Guntis Ulmanis, President of Latvia (1995–1999)
    2. Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, President of Latvia (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Vilis Krištopans, Prime Minister of Latvia (1998–1999)
    2. Andris Šķēle, Prime Minister of Latvia (1999–2000)
• Liechtenstein
  • Monarch - Hans Adam II, Sovereign Prince of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
  • Head of Government - Mario Frick, Head of Government (1993–2001)
• Luxembourg
  • Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000)
  • Prime Minister - Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–present)
• Malta
  • President -
    1. Ugo Mifsud Bonnici, President of Malta (1994–1999)
    2. Guido de Marco, President of Malta (1999–2004)
  • Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1998–2004)
• Monaco
  • Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
  • Head of Government - Michel Lévêque, Minister of State of Monaco (1997–2000)
• The Netherlands
  • Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–present)
  • Prime Minister - Wim Kok, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1994–2002)
• Norway -
  • Monarch - Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)
  • Prime Minister - Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime Minister of Norway (1997–2000)
• Poland -
  • President - Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland (1995–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Jerzy Buzek, Prime Minister of Poland (1997–2001)
• Portugal
  • President - Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal (1996–2006)
  • Prime Minister - António Guterres, Prime Minister of Portugal (1995–2002)
• Russia
  • President - Boris Yeltsin, President of Russia (1991–1999)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Yevgeny Primakov, Prime Minister of Russia (1998–1999)
    2. Sergei Stepashin, Prime Minister of Russia (1999)
    3. Vladimir Putin, Prime Minister of Russia (1999)
• Spain
  • Monarch - Juan Carlos, King of Spain (1975–present)
  • Prime Minister - José María Aznar, President of the Government (1996–2004)
• Sweden -
  • Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
  • Prime Minister - Göran Persson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1996–2006)
• Switzerland
  • Swiss Federal Council: Arnold Koller (until 1999), Flavio Cotti (until 1999), Adolf Ogi, Kaspar Villiger, Ruth Dreifuss (President of the Swiss Confederation), Moritz Leuenberger, Pascal Couchepin, Ruth Metzler-Arnold (since 1999), Joseph Deiss (since 1999)
• United Kingdom -
  • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
  • Prime Minister - Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997–present)
• Vatican City
  • Pope - John Paul II, Bishop of Rome (1978–2005)
  • Secretary of State - Angelo Cardinal Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1990–present)

North America

• Belize
  • Monarch: Elizabeth II
  • Governor-General: Colville Young, Governor-General of Belize (1993–present)
  • Prime Minister: Said Musa, Prime Minister of Belize (1998–present)
• Canada
  • Monarch: Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
  • Governor-General:
    1. Roméo LeBlanc, Governor-General of Canada (1995–1999)
    2. Adrienne Clarkson, Governor-General of Canada (1999–2005)
  • Prime Minister: Jean Chrétien, Prime Minister of Canada (1993–2003)
  • See also: 1999 Canadian incumbents
• Costa Rica: Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría, President of Costa Rica (1998–2002)
• Cuba: Fidel Castro, President of Cuba (1976–present)
• El Salvador
  • President:
    1. Armando Calderón Sol, President of El Salvador (1994–1999)
    2. Francisco Flores, President of El Salvador (1999–2004)
• Guatemala: Álvaro Enrique Arzú Irigoyen, President of Guatemala (14 January 1996 – 14 January 2000)
• Honduras: Carlos Roberto Flores Facussé, President of Honduras (27 January 1998 – 27 January 2002)
• Mexico: Ernesto Zedillo, President of Mexico (1994–2000)
• Nicaragua: Arnoldo Alemán, President of Nicaragua (1997–2002)
• Panama
  1. Ernesto Pérez Balladares, President of Panama (1 September 1994 – 1 September 1999)
  2. Mireya Moscoso, President of Panama (1 September 1999 – 1 September 2004)
• Trinidad and Tobago
  • President: Arthur N.R. Robinson, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1997–2003)
  • Prime Minister: Basdeo Panday, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1995–2001)
• United States: Bill Clinton, President of the United States (1993–2001)

South America

• Argentina -
  1. Carlos Menem, President of Argentina (1989-1999)
  2. Fernando de la Rúa, President of Argentina(1999-2001)
• Bolivia - Hugo Banzer, President of Bolivia (1997-2001)
• Brazil - Fernando Henrique Cardoso, President of Brazil (1995-2003)
• Chile - Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, President of Chile (1994-2000)
• Colombia - Andrés Pastrana Arango, President of Colombia (1998-2002)
• Ecuador - Jamil Mahuad, President of Ecuador (1998-2000)
• Guyana -
  • President -
    1. Janet Jagan, President of Guyana (1997-1999)
    2. Bharrat Jagdeo, President of Guyana (1999-present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1997-1999)
    2. Bharrat Jagdeo, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999)
    3. Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999-present)
• Paraguay -
  1. Raúl Cubas Grau, President of Paraguay (1998-1999)
  2. Luis Ángel González Macchi, President of Paraguay (1999-2003)
• Peru - Alberto Fujimori, President of Peru (1990-2000)
• Suriname - Jules Wijdenbosch, President of Suriname (1996-2000)
• Uruguay - Julio María Sanguinetti Coirolo, President of Uruguay (1995-2000)
• Venezuela -
  1. Rafael Caldera, President of Venezuela (1994-1999)
  2. Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (1999-2002)