Flowering plant
The Magnoliophyta are a division of plants distinguished by the presence of flowers. They are also called the Anthophyta or Angiospermata, but in modern botany groups are always named after their type genus, in this case Magnolia.
The most prevalent classification of flowers still seems to be that in the 1981 work by Arthur Cronquist, An Integrated System of Classification
of Flowering Plants.
Recent findings have questioned many of the groupings. On this page Walter S. Judd et al are followed as one of the more prevalent of the revised schemes. These are based on the hypotheses of Willie Hennig.
For a discussion of the difficulties see the copyrighted article Taxonomy, Classification, and the Debate about Cladistics at http://artemis.austinc.edu/acad/bio/gdiggs/taxonomy.html
Hopefully notes on the differences between the various versions will be added where possible.
See also flowers, fruit, vegetables, herbs, spices, trees, and other groupings of convenience.
Basal flowers
- Ceratophyllales (hornworts)
- Nymphaeales (water-lilies and kin)
- Piperales (peppers and kin)
- Aristolochiales (birthworts and kin)
- Laurales (laurels and kin)
- Winterales
- Magnoliales (magnolias and kin)
Monocots (Liliopsida)
- Acorales (sweet flag)
- Alismatales (water plantain and kin)
- Arales (aroids)
- Liliales (lilies and kin)
- Dioscoreales (air potatoes and kin)
- Asparagales (asparagus and kin)
- Pandanales (screw-pines and panama hat plants)
- Arecales (palms and kin)
- Commelinidae
- Commelinales (spiderworts and kin)
- Zingiberales (ginger and kin)
- Bromeliales (bromeliads and kin)
- Typhales (cattails and kin)
- Juncales (rushes and kin)
- Cyperales (sedges)
- Hydatellales
- Eriocaulales (pipeworts and kin)
- Poales (grasses and kin)
Eudicots
Note: Classification of dicots varies considerably under different schemes. See Magnoliopsida for Cronquist's system, which includes the forms here considered basal flowers.
Non-core eudicots
- Ranunculales (buttercups and kin)
- Proteales
Core eudicots
- Caryophyllales
- Polygonales (buckwheat and kin)
- Saxifragales (saxifrage and kin)
- Santalales
- Subclass Rosidae
- eurosids I (including Celastrales)
- Malpighiales
- Oxalidales
- Fabales (peas and kin)
- Rosales (roses and kin)
- Cucurbitales (gourd and kin)
- Fagales (beech and kin)
- eurosids I incertae sedis
- eurosids II
- Myrtales (myrtles and kin)
- Brassicales (mustards and kin)
- Malvales (mallow and kin)
- Sapindales (soapberries and kin)
- eurosids II incertae sedis
- Geraniales
- Rosidae incertae sedis (including Zygophyllales)
- eurosids I (including Celastrales)
- Subclass Asteridae
- Cornales order. (dogwoods and kin)
- Ericales order (heath and kin) - 26 families
- euasterids I
- Garryales - 4 families
- Solanales (nightshades and kin) - 7 families
- Gentianales (gentians and kin) - 4 families
- Lamiales (mints and kin) - 20 familes + 4 genera incertae sedis
- 3 families incertae sedis
- Family Boraginaceae (borage family)
- Family Plocospermataceae
- Family Vahliaceae
- euasterids II
- Aquifoliales (hollies and kin) - 3 families
- Apiales (parsley and kin) - 7 families
- Dipsacales (teasels and kin) - 7 families
- Asterales (daisies and kin) - 13 families