Wendy Lee Gramm
Wendy Lee Gramm (born 1945) is chairman of the Regulatory Studies Program at George Mason University's Mercatus Center, a free-market think tank based in Washington D.C. She is also the wife of former United States Senator Phil Gramm.
Wendy Lee Gramm was born in Hawaii and is of Korean and Hawaiian ancestry. She received a B.A. degree in economics from Wellesley College in 1966 and a Ph. D. in economics from Northwestern University in 1971.
In her role at the Mercatus Center, Wendy Gramm generally calls for deregulation of the energy industry.
Previously, Wendy Gramm held several positions in the Reagan Administration, including heading the Commodity Futures Trading Commissionfrom 1988 to 1993. After a heavy lobbying campaign from Enron, the CFTC exempted it from regulation in trading of energy derivatives. Subsequently, Gramm resigned from the CFTC and took a seat on the Enron Board of Directors, where she was paid 1.85 million dollars. This lack of CFTC oversight may have contributed to Enron's widely publicized accounting scandal. While on the board of directors she received donations from Enron to support the Mercatus Center. After the implosion of Enron, Gramm and the other directors where named in several investor lawsuits, many of which have been settled for large sums. In particular, Gramm and other Enron directors agreed to an $168 million dollar settlement in a suit led by the University of California. As part of that settlement, she and 9 other director agreed to collectively pay $13 million to settle claims of insider trading. The remainder of the settlement was to be paid by insurance.
From 1985 to 1988, Gramm was head of the Office of Management and Budget's Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA). In 2002, OIRA solicited public recommendations for regulatory reform. Mercatus made 44 recommendations.
Gramm also serves as chair of the Texas Public Policy Foundation and a director of the Independent Women's Forum, a conservative women's group. She has sat on the boards of Enron Corporation, Iowa Beef Processors, Invesco Funds, Longitude, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, and State Farm Insurance Companies.
Her son, Jeff, heads the indie-rock outfit Aden.
Ronald Reagan called her "My favorite economist."
References
- Wendy Gramm, Mercatus Center
- Wendy Gramm at NNDB
- Article about Gramm from goldsea.com
- Critical report on Wendy Gramm from the Clean Air Trust, January 2002
- UC press release on Enron settlement
- Where are Enron's directors now? - AFP, 22 October 2006
- Template:SourceWatch