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Ethnic groups in Chinese history

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Any non clear-cut connection is denoted by a question mark (?) besides the equivalences. My sole purpose of creating this page was provoking conservations and constructive arguments on connecting Eastern and Western knowledges of those tribes.



Pinyin Romanization Names in Chinese characters and Pronciation Approximate residing areas according to Chinese texts Time of appearance in Chinese history Equivalence(s) in World history Time of appearance in World history Modern decendant(s)
Miao 苗 (miao2) Various areas stretching from provinces (Hebei, Shanxi) north of Hunag he to Yunnan province >As early as 25th century B.C. to present ? ? Liaotians and minorities in Yunnan, Guizhou provinces
Xiongnu, Xianyun 匈奴 (xiong1 nu2), 玁狁 (xian3 yun3) Today Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, northern portions of Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and eastern portion of Xinjiang 6th century B.C. ? to late 1st century for Northern Xiongnu who migrated westward after that period. Southern Xiongnu remained active until mid 5th century then assimilated into Chinese Huns late 4th century to mid 6th century No known decendents
Wuhuan 烏桓 (wu1 huan2) western portions of Manchuria (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning provinces) and Inner Mongolia 4th century B.C. ? to late 3rd century, assimilated into Chinese No known equivalence N/A No known decendents
Xianbei 鮮卑 (xian1 bei1) Manchuria (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning provinces), Mongolia and Inner Mongolia. Moved into areas north of Huang he as they founded a dynasty there. 4th century B.C. ? to mid 6th century, assimilated into Chinese No known equivalence N/A No known decendents
Qiang 羌 (qiang1) Gansu, Qinghai, eastren portion of Sichuan, eastern portion of Xinjiang and northeastern portion of Tibet 4th century B.C. ? to late 5th century, assimilated into Chinese No known equivalence N/A as minorities in Sichuan
Di 氐 (di1) Areas of of neighboring borders of Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan and Shaanxi 8th century B.C. ? to mid 6th century, assimilated into Chinese No known equivalence N/A as minorities in Sichuan
Jie 羯 (jie2) Shanxi province late 2nd century to mid 4th century, assimilated into Chinese No known equivalence N/A No known decendents
Dingling, Gaoche, Shule 丁零 (ding1 ling2), 高車 (gao1 che1), 疏勒 (shu1 le4) banks of Lake Baikal and on the borders of Today Mongolia and Russia then migrated to Shanxi province and Xinjiang region 1st century BC to late 5th century, assimilated into Chinese ? ? some decendents still living by the lake ?
Gao Gou Li 高勾驪 (gao1 gou1 li2) central and southeastern Manchuria (Today Jilin and eastern portion of Liaoning province) 1st century BC to mid 7th century, dissipated Koguryo 1st century to mid 7th century Korean
Wo 倭 (wo1) central Manchuria (Today Jilin province), continuously moving east Since 1st century to present ? 1st century to present Japanese
Rouran, Ruru, 柔然 (rou2 ran2), 蠕蠕 (ru2 ru2), 茹茹 (ru2 ru2) Today Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, northern portions of Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and eastern portion of Xinjiang early 3rd century to early 6th century Avars? late 6th century to early 9th century decendents living in today Daghestan?
Tujue 突厥 (tu2 jue2) Today Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, northern portions of Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, eastern portion of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan late 5th century to mid 10th century Gokturks mid 6th century to early 9th century decendents living in today Daghestan?
Huihe 回紇 (hui2 he2) Today Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, northern portions of Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia early 7th century to mid 10th century Uighurs early 9th century to present largest enthic group in Xinjinag region
Tubo 吐蕃(tu3 fan1) sometimes pronounced as 吐播 (tu bo1) Today Tibet, Qinghui, western border of Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi and Southern border of Xinjiang mid 6th century to present Tibetans early 6th century to present Tibetans
Dangxiang 黨項 (dang3 xiang4) Ningxia, Gansu, northern portions of Shanxi,southwestern portion of Mongolia, Southeastern portion of Xinjinag early 9th century to early 13th century Tanguts ? No known decendents
Mohe 靺鞨 (mo4 he2) Manchuria and northern portion of Inner Mongolia early 7th century to early 10th century No known equivalence N/A Nuuzhen (see entry below)
Nuuzhen or Manzhouren 女真 (nuu3 zhen1), 滿洲人 (man3 zhou1 ren2) Manchuria and northern portion of Inner Mongolia early 10th century to early 17th century, established Jin Dynasty and Qing Dynasty Mancho or Manchurian Since mid 17th century, first encountered by Russians largest enthic group in Dongbei region or Manchuria. Their culture has very much assimilated with the Chinese but some distinctive aspects still remains.

See also: Peoples Republic of China -- Chinese history -- Chinese sovereign -- Turkic peoples -- Wu Hu