Christmas tree and Troop engagements of the American Civil War, 1862: Difference between pages

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Difference between pages)
Content deleted Content added
Andycjp (talk | contribs)
 
→‎October: updated Hatchie's Bridge state
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{TroopengagementsoftheAmericanCivilWarTOC}}
{{otheruses}}
{{TOCright}}
[[Image:Juletræet.jpg|right|250px|thumb|A Christmas tree in a Danish home.]]


==Troop engagements in 1862==
A '''Christmas tree''' is one of the most popular [[tradition]]s associated with the celebration of [[Christmas]]. It is normally an [[evergreen]] [[Pinophyta|coniferous]] [[tree]] that is brought into a home or used in the open, and is decorated with '''[[Christmas lights]]''' and colourful [[Christmas ornament|ornament]]s during the days around Christmas.


==Dates==
===January===
;[[January 1|1]]
Traditionally, Christmas trees were not brought in and decorated until [[Christmas Eve]] ([[24 December]]), and then removed the day after [[Twelfth Night (holiday)|twelfth night]] (i.e., [[6 January]]); to have a tree up before or after these dates was even considered bad luck. Modern [[commerce|commercialisation]] of Christmas has however resulted in trees being put up much earlier; in [[Retailing#Shops and stores|shops]] often as early as late October (in the UK, [[Selfridge's]] Christmas department is up by early September, complete with Christmas trees). A common tradition in U.S. homes is to put the tree up right after [[Thanksgiving]] (the fourth Thursday in November) and to take it down right after the [[New Year]] {{citation needed}}. However, some households in the U.S. do not put up the tree until the second week of December, and leave it up until the 6th of January (Epiphany). In Germany, Catholics take their Christmas trees down by the 2nd of February. In Australia, the Christmas tree is usually put up on the 1st of December, which occurs about a week before the school summer holidays.
:;Port Royal, South Carolina
::*'''[[Military unit]]s:''' 3rd Michigan, 47th, 48th and 79th New York, 50th Pennsylvania.
::*'''Losses:''' ''[[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]'' 1 killed, 10 wounded.
;[[January 4|4]]
:;Huntersville, Virginia
::*'''Military units:''' Detachments of 25th Ohio, 2nd West Virginia and 1st Indiana Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 1 wounded; ''[[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]]'' 1 killed, 7 wounded.
:;[[Battle of Hancock|Bath, Virginia]], also including skirmishes at Great Cacapon Bridge, Alpine Station and Hancock
::*'''Military units:''' 39th Illinois.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 2 killed, 2 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 30 wounded.
:;Calhoun, Missouri
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 10 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 30 wounded.
;[[January 7|7]]
:;Blue Gap, near Romney, Virginia
::*'''Military units:''' [[4th Ohio Infantry|4th]], 5th, 7th and [[8th Ohio Infantry|8th Ohio]], 14th Indiana, 1st West Virginia Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Confederacy'' 15 killed.
:;Jennies' Creek, Kentucky, also called Paintsville
::*'''Military units:''' Four Companies 1st West Virginia Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 3 killed, 1 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 6 killed, 14 wounded.
;[[January 8|8]]
:;Charleston, Missouri
::*'''Military units:''' 10th Iowa.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 8 killed, 16 wounded.
:;Dry Forks, Cheat River, West Virginia
::*'''Military units:''' One Company of 2nd West Virginia Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 6 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 6 killed.
:;[[Battle of Roan's Tan Yard|Silver Creek, Missouri]], also called Sugar Creek, and Roan's Tan Yard
::*'''Military units:''' Detachments of 1st and 2nd Missouri, 4th Ohio, 1st Iowa Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 5 killed, 6 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 80 wounded.
;[[January 9|9]]
:;Columbus, Missouri
::*'''Military units:''' 7th Kansas Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 5 killed.
;[[January 10|10]]
:;[[Battle of Middle Creek|Middle Creek and Prestonburg, Kentucky]]
::*'''Military units:''' 40th and 42nd Ohio, 14th and 22nd Kentucky
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 2 killed, 25 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 40 killed.
;[[January 19|19]] and [[January 20|20]]
:;[[Battle of Mill Springs|Mill Springs, Kentucky]], also called Logan's Cross Roads, Fishing Creek, Somerset and Beech Grove
::*'''Military units:''' 9th Ohio, 2nd Minnesota, 4th Kentucky, 10th Indiana, 1st Kentucky Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 38 killed, 194 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 190 killed, 160 wounded. ''Confederate'' General F. K. Zollikoffer killed.
;[[January 22|22]]
:;Knob Nester, Missouri
::*'''Military units:''' 2nd Missouri Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 1 killed.
;[[January 29|29]]
:;Occoquan Bridge, Virginia
::*'''Military units:''' Detachments of 37th New York and [[1st New Jersey Volunteer Cavalry]].
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 1 killed, 4 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 10 killed.


===February===
==Types of trees used==
;[[February 1|1]]
[[Image:BostonChristmastree.jpg|right|250px|thumb|A candlelit Christmas tree decorated with the United Nations flag at the top in a Boston, Massachusetts home.]]
:;Bowling Green, Kentucky
[[Image:Christmas tree2.jpg|right|250px|thumb|A sheared tree.]]
::*'''Military units:''' One Company of 2nd Indiana Cavalry.
Both natural and artificial trees are used as Christmas trees.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Confederacy'' 3 killed, 2 wounded.
;[[February 6|6]]
:;[[Battle of Fort Henry|Fort Henry, Tennessee]]
::*'''Military units:''' U.S. Gunboats ''Essex'', ''Carondelet'', ''Saint Louis'', ''Cincinnati'', ''Conestoga'', ''Tyler'', and ''Lexington''.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 40 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 5 killed, 11 wounded.
;[[February 8|8]]
:;Linn Creek, Virginia
::*'''Military units:''' Detachment of 5th West Virginia.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 1 killed, 1 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 8 killed, 7 wounded.
:;[[Battle of Roanoke Island|Roanoke Island, North Carolina]]
::*'''Military units:''' 21st, 23rd, 24th, 25th and 27th Massachusetts, 10th Connecticut, 9th, 51st and 53rd New York, 9th New Jersey, 51st Pennsylvania, 4th and 5th Rhode Island, U.S. Gunboats ''[[USS Southfield (1857)|Southfield]]'', ''[[USS Delaware (1861)|Delaware]]'', ''[[USS Stars and Stripes (1861)|Stars and Stripes]]'', ''[[USS Louisiana (1861)|Louisiana]]'', ''Hetzel'', ''[[USS Commodore Perry (1859)|Commodore Perry]]'', ''Underwriter'', ''Valley City'', ''Commodore Barney'', ''Hunchback'', ''[[USS Ceres (1856)|Ceres]]'', ''Putnam'', ''Morse'', ''Lockwood'', ''J. N. Seymour'', ''Granite'', ''Brinker'', ''[[USS Whitehead|Whitehead]]'', ''Shawseen'', ''Pickett'', ''Pioneer'', ''Hussar'', ''Vidette'', ''Chasseur''.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 35 killed, 200 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 16 killed, 39 wounded, 2,527 taken prisoners.
;[[February 10|10]]
:* Elizabeth City, or Cobb's Point, N. C. — U. S. Gunboats ''Delaware'', ''Underwriter'', ''Louisiana'', ''Seymour'', ''Hetzel'', ''Shawseen'', ''Valley City'', ''Putnam'', ''Commodore Perry'', ''Ceres'', ''Morse'', ''Whitehead'', and ''Brinker''. — Union 3 killed.
;[[February 13|13]]
:* Blooming Gap, Va. — 8th Ohio, 7th W. Va., 1st W. Va. Cav. — ''Union'' 2 killed, 5 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 13 killed.
;[[February 14|14]]
:* Flat Lick Fords, Ky. — 49th Ind., 6th Ky. Cav. — ''Confed.'' 4 killed, 4 wounded.
; 14, [[February 15|15]] and [[February 16|16]]
:;[[Battle of Fort Donelson|Fort Donelson, Tennessee]]
::*'''Military units:''' 17th and 25th Kentucky, 11th, 25th, 31st, and 44th Indiana, 2nd, 7th, 12th and 14th Iowa, 1st Nebraska, 58th and 76th Ohio, 8th and 13th Missouri, 8th Wisconsin, 8th, 9th, 11th, 12th, 17th, 18th, 20th, 28th, 29th, 30th, 31st, 41st, 45th, 46th, 48th, 49th, 57th and 58th Illinois, Batteries B and D 1st Illinois Artillery, D and E 2nd Illinois Artillery, four Companies Illinois Cavalry, Birge's Sharpshooters and six gunboats.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 446 killed, 1,735 wounded, 150 missing; ''Confederacy'' 231 killed, 1,007 wounded, 13,829 prisoners. ''Union'' Maj.-Gen. John A. Logan wounded.
;[[February 17|17]]
:* Sugar Creek or Pea Ridge, Mo. — 1st and 6th Mo., 3d Ill. Cav. — ''Union'' 5 killed, 9 wounded.
; 18
:* Independence, Mo. — 2d Ohio Cav. — ''Union'' 1 killed, 3 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 4 killed, 5 wounded.
;[[February 21|21]]
:;[[Battle of Valverde|Fort Craig or Valverde, New Mexico]]
::*'''Military units:''' 1st New Mexico Cavalry, 2nd Colorado Cavalry, Detachments of 1st, 2nd and 5th New Mexico, and of 5th, 7th and 10th U.S. Infantry, Hill's and McRae's Batteries.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 62 killed, 140 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 150 wounded.
; 24
:* Mason's Neck, Occoquan, Va. — 37th N. Y. — ''Union'' 2 killed, 1 wounded.
; 26
:* Keytesville, Mo. — 6th Mo. Cav. — ''Union'' 2 killed, 1 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 1 killed.


===Natural trees===
===March===
;[[March 2|2]]
The best [[species]] for use are species of [[fir]] (''Abies''), which have the major benefit of not shedding the needles when they dry out, as well as good foliage colour and scent; but species in other [[genus|genera]] are also used. Commonly used species in northern [[Europe]] are:
:* Pittsburg Landing, Tenn. — 32d Ill. and U. S. Gunboats ''Lexington'' and ''Tyler''. — ''Union'' 5 killed, 5 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 20 killed, 200 wounded.
;[[March 3|3]]
:* New Madrid, Mo. — 5th Iowa, 59th Ind., 39th and 63d Ohio, 2d Mich. Cav., 7th Ill. Cav. — ''Union'' 1 killed, 3 wounded.
;[[March 5|5]]
:* Occoquan, Va. — Detachment of 63d Pa. — ''Union'' 2 killed, 2 wounded.
; [[March 6|6]], [[March 7|7]] and [[March 8|8]]
:;[[Battle of Pea Ridge|Pea Ridge, Arkansas, including engagements at Bentonville, Leetown and Elkhorn Tavern]]
::*'''Military units:''' 25th, 35th, 36th, 37th, 44th and 59th Illinois, 2nd, 3rd, 12th, 15th, 17th, 24th, and Phelps' Missouri, 8th, 18th and 22nd Indiana, 4th and 9th Iowa, 3rd Iowa Cavalry, 3rd and 15th Illinois Cavalry, 1st, 4th, 5th and 6th Missouri Cavalry, Batteries B and F 2nd Missouri Light Artillery, 2nd Ohio Battery, 1st Indiana Battery, Battery A 2nd Illinois Artillery.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 203 killed, 972 wounded, 174 missing; ''Confederacy'' 1,100 killed, 2,500 wounded, 1,600 missing and captured. ''Union'' Brig.-Gen. [[Alexander Asboth]] and Acting Brig.-Gen. Carr wounded. ''Confederacy'' Brig.-Gen. [[Benjamin McCulloch]] and Acting Brig.-Gen. [[James McIntosh]] killed.
; 7
:* Fox Creek, Mo. — 4th Mo. Cav. — ''Union'' 5 wounded.
; 8
:* Near Nashville, Tenn. — 1st Wis., 4th Ohio Cav. — ''Union'' 1 killed, 2 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 4 killed.
;[[March 9|9]]
:;Mountain Grove, Missouri
::*'''Military units:''' 10th Missouri Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 10 killed, 2 wounded.
:;[[Battle of Hampton Roads|Hampton Roads, Virginia]]
::*'''Military units:''' 20th Indiana, 7th and 11th New York, U.S. Gunboats ''[[USS Monitor|Monitor]]'', ''[[USS Minnesota (1855)|Minnesota]]'', ''[[USS Congress (1841)|Congress]]'', and ''[[USS Cumberland (1842)|Cumberland]]''.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 261 killed, 108 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 7 killed, 17 wounded.
;[[March 10|10]]
:* Burke's Station, Va. — One Co. 1st N. Y. Cav. — ''Union'' 1 killed. — ''Confed.'' 3 killed, 5 wounded.
:* Jacksborough, Big Creek Gap, Tenn. — 2d Tenn. — ''Union'' 2 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 2 killed, 4 wounded.
; 11
:* Paris, Tenn. — Detachments of 5th Iowa and 1st Neb. Cav., Battery K 1st Mo. Art. — ''Union'' 5 killed, 5 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 10 wounded.
; 12
:* Lexington, Mo. — 1st Iowa Cav. — ''Union'' 1 killed, 1 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 9 killed, 3 wounded.
:* Near Lebanon, Mo. — ''Confed.'' 13 killed, 5 wounded.
; 13
:* New Madrid, Mo. — 10th and 16th Ill., 27th, 39th, 43d and 63d Ohio, 3d Mich. Cav., 1st U. S. Inft., Bissell's Mo. Engineers. — ''Union'' 50 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 100 wounded.
;[[March 14|14]]
:;[[Battle of New Bern|New Berne, North Carolina]]
::*'''Military units:''' 51st New York, 8th, 10th and 11th Connecticut, 21st, 23rd, 24th, 25th and 27th Massachusetts, 9th New Jersey, 51st Pennsylvania, 4th and 5th Rhode Island.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 91 killed, 466 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 64 killed, 106 wounded, 413 captured.
; 16
:* Black Jack Forest, Tenn. — Detachments of 4th Ill. and 5th Ohio Cav. — ''Union'' 4 wounded.
; 18
:* Salem or Spring River, Ark. — Detachments of 6th Mo. and 3d Iowa Cav. — ''Union'' 5 killed, 10 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 100 killed, wounded and missing.
; 21
:* Mosquito Inlet, Fla. — U. S. Gunboats ''Penguin'' and ''Henry Andrew''. — ''Union'' 8 killed, 8 wounded.
; 22
:* Independence or Little Santa Fe, Mo. — 2d Kan. — ''Union'' 1 killed, 2 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 7 killed.
;[[March 23|23]]
:;Carthage, Missouri
::*'''Military units:''' 6th Kansas Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 1 wounded.
:;[[Battle of Kernstown I|Winchester or Kearnstown, Virginia]]
::*'''Military units:''' 1st West Virginia, 84th and 110th Pennsylvania, 5th, 7th, 8th, 29th, 62nd and 67th Ohio, 7th, 13th and 14th Indiana, 39th Illinois, 1st Ohio Cavalry, 1st Michigan Cavalry, 1st West Virginia Artillery, 1st Ohio Artillery, Company E 4th U.S. Artillery.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 103 killed, 440 wounded, 24 missing; ''Confederacy'' 80 killed, 342 wounded, 269 prisoners.
;[[March 26|26]]
:;Warrensburg or Briar, Missouri
::*'''Military units:''' Sixty men of 7th Missouri Militia Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 1 killed, 22 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 9 killed, 17 wounded.
:;Humonsville, Missouri
::*'''Military units:''' Company B 8th Missouri Militia Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 5 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 15 wounded.
;26, [[March 27|27]] and 28
:;[[Battle of Glorieta Pass|Apache Canyon or Glorieta]], near [[Santa Fe, New Mexico]]
::*'''Military units:''' 1st and 2nd Colorado Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 32 killed, 75 wounded, 35 missing; ''Confederacy'' 36 killed, 60 wounded, 93 missing.
;[[March 28|28]]
:;Warrensburg, Missouri
::*'''Military units:''' 1st Illinois Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 3 killed, 1 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 15 killed.


===April===
*[[Silver Fir]] ''Abies alba'' (the original species)
;[[April 2|2]]
*[[Nordmann Fir]] ''Abies nordmanniana'' (as in the photo)
:;Putnam's Ferry, near [[Doniphan, Missouri]]
*[[Noble Fir]] ''Abies procera''
::*'''Military units:''' 21st and 38th Illinois, 5th Illinois Cavalry, 16th Ohio Battery and Colonel Carlin's Brigade.
*[[Norway Spruce]] ''Picea abies'' (generally the cheapest)
::*'''Losses:''' ''Confederacy'' 3 killed.
*[[Serbian Spruce]] ''Picea omorika''
;[[April 4|4]]
*[[Scots Pine]] ''Pinus sylvestris''
:;Great Bethel, Virginia
and in [[North America]]:
::*'''Military units:''' Advance of 3rd Corps Army of Potomac.
*[[Balsam Fir]] ''Abies balsamea''
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 4 killed, 10 wounded.
*[[Fraser Fir]] ''Abies fraseri''
:;Crump's Landing or Adamsville, Tennessee
*[[Grand Fir]] ''Abies grandis''
::*'''Military units:''' 48th, 70th and 72nd Ohio, 5th Ohio Cavalry.
*[[Noble Fir]] ''Abies procera''
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 2 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 20 wounded.
*[[Red Fir]] ''Abies magnifica''
;[[April 6|6]] and [[April 7|7]]
*[[Coast Douglas-fir|Douglas-fir]] ''Pseudotsuga menziesii''
:;[[Battle of Shiloh|Shiloh or Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee]]
*[[Scots Pine]] ''Pinus sylvestris''
::*'''Military units:'''
*[[Stone Pine]] ''Pinus pinea'' (as small table-top trees)
::*:[[Army of West Tennessee]], commanded by Maj.-Gen. [[Ulysses S. Grant]], as follows: 1st Division, Maj.-Gen. [[John Alexander McClernand|J. A. McClernand]]; 2nd Division, Maj.-Gen. [[C. F. Smith]]; 3rd Division, Brig.-Gen. [[Lew Wallace]]; 4th Division, Brig.-Gen. [[S. A. Hurlburt]]; 5th Division, Brig.-Gen. [[William Tecumseh Sherman|W. T. Sherman]]; 6th Division, Brig.-Gen. [[Benjamin Prentiss|B. M. Prentiss]].
::*:[[Army of the Ohio]] commanded by Maj.-Gen. [[Don Carlos Buell]], as follows: 2nd Division, Brig.-Gen. [[A. M. D. Cook]]; 4th Division, Brig.-Gen. [[W. Nelson]]; 5th Division, Brig.-Gen. [[Thomas Leonidas Crittenden|T. L. Crittenden]], 21st Brigade of the 6th Division, Gunboats ''[[USS Tyler (1857)|Tyler]]'' and ''[[USS Lexington (1861)|Lexington]]''.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 1,735 killed, 7,882 wounded, 3,956 captured; ''Confederacy'' 1,728 killed, 8,012 wounded, 959 captured. ''Union'' Brig.-Gen. W. T. Sherman and [[W. H. L. Wallace]] wounded and B. M. Prentiss captured. ''Confederate'' Maj.-Gen. [[Albert Sidney Johnston|A. S. Johnson]], commander-in-chief, and Brig.-Gen. [[A. H. Gladden]] killed; Maj.-Gen. [[W. S. Cheatham]] and Brig.-Gen. [[C. Clark]], [[Bushrod Johnson|B. R. Johnson]], and [[J. S. Bowen]] wounded.
;[[April 8|8]]
:;[[Battle of Island Number Ten|Island No. 10, Tennessee]]
::*'''Military units:''' Maj.-Gen. Pope's command and the Navy, under Flag-officer Foote.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Confederacy'' 17 killed, 3,000 prisoners.
:;Near Corinth, Mississippi
::*'''Military units:''' 3rd Brigade 5th Division [[Army of West Tennessee]] and 4th Illinois Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Confederacy'' 15 killed, 25 wounded, 200 captured.
;[[April 9|9]]
:* Owen's River, Cal. — 2d Cal. Cav. — ''Union'' 1 killed, 2 wounded
;[[April 10|10]]
:* Ft. Pulaski, Ga. — 6th and 7th Conn., 3d R. I., 46th and 48th N. Y., 8th Maine, 15th U. S. Inft., Crew of U. S. S. ''Wabash''. — ''Union'' 1 killed. — ''Confed.'' 4 wounded, 360 prisoners.
; 11
:* Huntsville, Ala. — Army of the Ohio 3d Div. — ''Confed.'' 200 prisoners.
:* Yorktown, Va. — 12th N. Y., 57th and 63d Pa. — ''Union'' 2 killed, 8 wounded.
; 12
:* Little Blue River, Mo. — ''Confed.'' 5 killed.
:* Monterey, Va. — 75th Ohio, 1st W. Va. Cav. — ''Union'' 3 wounded.
; 14
:* Pollocksville, N. C. — ''Confed.'' 7 wounded.
:* Diamond Grove, Mo. — 6th Kan. Cav. — ''Union'' 1 wounded.
:* Walkersville, Mo. — 2d Mo. Militia Cav. — ''Union'' 2 killed, 3 wounded.
:* Montavallo, Mo. — Two Cos. 1st Iowa Cav. — ''Union'' 2 killed, 6 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 2 killed, 10 wounded.
;[[April 15|15]]
:;[[Battle of Picacho Pass|Picacho Pass, Arizona]]
::*'''Military units:''' 1st California Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 3 killed, 3 wounded.
; 16
:* Savannah, Tenn. — ''Confed.'' 5 killed, 65 wounded.
:* White Marsh or Wilmington Island, Ga. — 8th Mich., Battery of R. I. Light Artil. — ''Union'' 10 killed, 35 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 5 killed, 7 wounded.
:* Lee's Mills, Va. — 3d, 4th and 6th Vt., 3d N. Y. Battery and Battery of 5th U. S. Artil. — ''Union'' 35 killed, 129 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 20 killed, 75 wounded, 50 captured.
; 17
:* Holly River, W. Va. — ''Union'' 3 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 2 killed.
; 18
:* Falmouth, Va. — 2d N. Y. Cav. — ''Union'' 5 killed, 16 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 19 captured.
:* Edisto Island, S. C. — 55th Pa., 3d N. H., U. S. S. ''Crusader''. — ''Union'' 3 wounded.
; 18 to 28
:* Forts Jackson and St. Philip, and the capture of New Orleans, La. — Commodore Farragut's fleet of war vessels and mortar boats, under Commander D. D. Porter. — ''Union'' 36 killed, 193 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 185 killed, 197 wounded, 400 captured.
;[[April 19|19]]
:;Talbot's Ferry, Arkansas
::*'''Military units:''' 4th Iowa Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 1 killed; ''Confederacy'' 3 killed.
:;[[Battle of South Mills|Camden, North Carolina]], also called South Mills
::*'''Military units:''' 9th and 89th New York, 21st Massachusetts, 51st Pennsylvania, 6th New Hampshire.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 12 killed, 98 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 6 killed, 19 wounded.
; 23
:* Grass Lick, W. Va. — 3d Md., Potomac Home Brigade. — ''Union'' 3 killed.
;[[April 25|25]]
:;[[Battle of Fort Macon|Fort Macon, North Carolina]]
::*'''Military units:''' U.S. Gunboats ''Daylight'', ''Georgia'', ''[[USS Chippewa (1861)|Chippewa]]'', the bark ''Gemsbok'', and General [[John Parke]]'s division.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 1 killed, 11 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 7 killed, 18 wounded, 450 captured.
; 26
:* Turnback Creek, Mo. — 5th Kan. Cav. — ''Union'' 1 killed.
:* [[Neosho, Missouri]]. — 1st Mo. Cav. — ''Union'' 3 killed, 3 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 30 wounded, 62 prisoners.
:* In front of Yorktown, Va. — Three Cos. 1st Mass. — ''Union'' 3 killed, 16 wounded.
; 27
:* Horton's Mills, N. C. — 103d N. Y. — ''Union'' 1 killed, 6 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 3 wounded.
; 28
:* Paint Rock Railroad Bridge. — Twenty-two men of 10th Wis. — ''Union'' 7 wounded.
:* Cumberland Mountain, Tenn. — 16th and 42d Ohio, 22d Ky.
:* Monterey, Tenn. — 2d Iowa Cav. — ''Union'' 1 killed, 3 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 5 killed.
; 29
:* Bridgeport, Ala. — 3d Div. Army of the Ohio. — ''Confed.'' 72 killed and wounded, 350 captured.


===May===
Several other species are used to a lesser extent. Less-traditional conifers are sometimes used, such as [[Giant Sequoia]], [[Leyland Cypress]] and [[Eastern Juniper]]. [[Blue spruce]] can also be used as a Christmas tree, but has very sharp needles, making decorating uncomfortable. [[Virginia Pine]] is still available on some tree farms in the southeastern United States, however its winter colour is faded. The long-needled [[Eastern White Pine]] is also used there. [[Araucaria heterophylla|Norfolk Island pine]] is sometimes used, particularly in the [[Oceania]] region, and in [[Australia]] some species of the genera ''[[Casuarina]]'' and ''[[Allocasuarina]]'' are also occasionally used as Christmas trees.
; 1
:* Clarke's Hollow, W. Va. — Co. C 23d Ohio. — ''Union'' 1 killed, 21 wounded.
; 3
:* Farmington, Miss. — 10th, 16th, 22d, 27th, 42d and 51st Ill., 10th and 16th Mich., Yates's (Ill.) Sharpshooters, 2d Mich. Cav., Battery C 1st Ill. Artil. — ''Union'' 2 killed, 12 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 30 killed.
; 4
:* Licking, Mo. — 24th Mo., 5th Mo., Militia Cav. — ''Union'' 1 killed, 2 wounded.
:* Cheese Cake Church, Va. — 3d Pa., 1st and 6th U. S. Cav.
;[[May 5|5]]
:;Lebanon, Tennessee
::*'''Military units:''' 1st, 4th and 5th Kentucky Cavalry, Detachment of the 7th Pennsylvania.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 6 killed, 25 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 66 prisoners.
:;Lockridge Mills or Dresden, Kentucky
::*'''Military units:''' 5th Iowa Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 4 killed, 16 wounded, 68 missing.
:;[[Battle of Williamsburg|Williamsburg, Virginia]]
::*'''Military units:''' [[III Corps (ACW)|3rd]] and [[IV Corps (ACW)|4th Corps]] [[Army of the Potomac]].
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 456 killed, 1,400 wounded, 372 missing; ''Confederacy'' 1,000 killed, wounded, and captured.
;[[May 7|7]]
:;[[Battle of Eltham's Landing|West Point or Eltham's Landing, Virginia]]
::*'''Military units:''' 16th, 31st and 32nd New York, 95th and 96th Pennsylvania, 5th Maine, 1st Massachusetts Artillery, Battery D 2nd U.S. Artillery.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 49 killed, 104 wounded, 41 missing.
:;Somerville Heights, Virginia
::*'''Military units:''' 13th Indiana.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 2 killed, 7 wounded, 24 missing.
;[[May 8|8]]
:;[[Battle of McDowell|McDowell or Bull Pasture, Virginia]]
::*'''Military units:''' 25th, 32rd, 75th and 82nd Ohio, 3rd West Virginia, 1st West Virginia Cavalry, 1st Connecticut Cavalry, 1st Indiana Battery.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 28 killed, 225 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 100 killed, 200 wounded.
:;Glendale, near [[Corinth, Mississippi]]
::*'''Military units:''' 7th Illinois Cavalry.
::*'''Losses: ''Union'' 1 killed, 4 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 30 killed and wounded.
; 9
:* Elkton Station, near Athens, Ala. — Co. E 37th Ind. — ''Union'' 5 killed, 43 captured. — ''Confed.'' 13 killed.
:* Slatersville or New Kent C. H., Va. — 98th Pa., 2d R. I., 6th U. S. Cav. — ''Union'' 4 killed, 3 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 10 killed, 14 wounded.
; 10
:* Fort Pillow, Tenn. — U. S. Gunboats ''Cincinnati'' and ''Mound City''. — ''Union'' 3 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 2 killed, 1 wounded.
; 11
:* Bloomfield, Mo. — 1st Wis. Cav. — ''Confed.'' 1 killed.
; 13
:* Monterey, Tenn. — Part of Brig.-Gen. M. L. Smith's Brigade. — ''Union'' 2 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 2 killed, 3 wounded.
;[[May 15|15]]
:;Linden, Virginia
::*'''Military units:''' One Company of 28th Pennsylvania.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 1 killed, 3 wounded, 14 missing.
:;[[Battle of Drewry's Bluff|Fort Darling, James River, Virginia]]
::*'''Military units:''' U.S. Gunboats ''[[USS Galena (1862)|Galena]]'', ''[[USS Port Royal (1862)|Port Royal]]'', ''[[USS Naugatuck|Naugatuck]]'', ''[[USS Monitor|Monitor]]'', and ''[[USS Aroostook|Aroostook]]''.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 12 killed, 14 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 7 killed, 8 wounded.
:;Chalk Bluffs, Missouri
::*'''Military units:''' 1st Wisconsin Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 1 killed, 3 wounded.
:;Butler, Bates County, Missouri
::*'''Military units:''' 1st Iowa Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 3 killed, 1 wounded.
; 15, 16 and 18
:* Princeton, W. Va. — Gen. J. D. Cox's Division. — ''Union'' 30 killed, 70 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 2 killed, 14 wounded.
; 17
:* In front of Corinth, Miss. — Brig.-Gen. M. L. Smith's Brigade. — ''Union'' 10 killed, 31 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 12 killed.
;[[May 19|19]]
:;[[Battle of Whitney's Lane|Searcy Landing, Arkansas]]
::*'''Military units:''' Detachments of 3rd and 17th Missouri and 4th Missouri Cavalry, Battery B 1st Missouri Light Artillery.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 18 killed, 27 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 150 killed, wounded and missing.
:;Clinton, North Carolina
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 5 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 9 killed.
; 21
:* Phillip's Creek, Miss. — 2d Div. Army of Tennessee. — ''Union'' 3 wounded.
; 22
:* Florida, Mo. — Detachment 3d Iowa Cav. — ''Union'' 2 wounded.
:* Near New Berne, N. C. — Co. I 17th Mass. — ''Union'' 3 killed, 8 wounded.
;[[May 23|23]]
:;Lewisburg, Virginia
::*'''Military units:''' 36th and 44th Ohio, 2nd West Virginia Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 14 killed, 60 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 40 killed, 66 wounded, 100 captured.
:;[[Battle of Front Royal|Front Royal, Virginia]]
::*'''Military units:''' 1st Maryland, Detachments of 29th Pennsylvania, Captain Mapes's Pioneers, 5th New York Cavalry, and 1st Pennsylvania Artillery.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 32 killed, 122 wounded, 750 missing.
:;Buckton Station, Virginia
::*'''Military units:''' 3rd Wisconsin, 27th Indiana.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 2 killed, 6 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 12 killed.
:;Fort Craig, New Mexico
::*'''Military units:''' 3rd U.S. Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 3 wounded.
;[[May 24|24]]
:* New Bridge, Va. — 4th Mich. — ''Union'' 1 killed, 10 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 60 killed and wounded, 27 captured.
:* Chickahominy, Va. — Davidson's Brigade of 4th Corps. — ''Union'' 2 killed, 4 wounded.
;[[May 25|25]]
:;[[First Battle of Winchester|Winchester, Virginia]]
::*'''Military units:''' 2nd Massachusetts, 29th and 46th Pennsylvania, 27th Indiana, 3rd Wisconsin, 28th New York, 5th Connecticut, Battery M 1st New York Artillery, 1st Vermont Cavalry, 1st Michigan Cavalry, 5th New York Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 38 killed, 155 wounded, 711 missing.
;[[May 27|27]]
:;[[Battle of Hanover Courthouse|Hanover Courthouse, Virginia]]
::*'''Military units:''' 12th, 13th, 14th, 17th, 25th and 44th New York, 62nd and 83rd Pennsylvania, 16th Michigan, 9th and 22nd Massachusetts, 5th Massachusetts Artillery, 2nd Maine Artillery, Battery F 5th U.S. Artillery, 1st U.S. Sharpshooters.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 53 killed, 344 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 200 killed and wounded, 730 prisoners.
:;Big Indian Creek, near Searcy Landing, Arkansas
::*'''Military units:''' 1st Missouri Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 3 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 5 killed, 25 wounded.
:;Osceola, Missouri
::*'''Military units:''' 1st Iowa Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 3 killed, 2 wounded.
;[[May 28|28]]
:* Wardensville, Va. — 3d Md., Potomac Home Brigade, 3d Ind. Cav. — ''Confed.'' 2 killed, 3 wounded.
;[[May 29|29]]
:* Pocataligo, S. C. — 50th Pa., 79th N. Y., 8th Mich., 1st Mass. Cav. — ''Union'' 2 killed, 9 wounded.
;[[May 30|30]]
:* Booneville, Miss. — 2d Iowa Cav., 2d Mich. Cav. — ''Confed.'' 2,000 prisoners.
:* Front Royal, Va. — 1st R. I. Cav. — ''Union'' 5 killed, 8 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 156 captured.
;[[May 31|31]]
:* [[Neosho, Missouri]]. — 10th Ill. Cav., 14th Mo. Cav. (Militia). — ''Union'' 2 killed, 3 wounded.
:* Near Washington, N. C. — 3d N. Y. Cav. — ''Union'' 1 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 3 killed, 2 wounded.
;31 and [[June 1]]
:;[[Battle of Seven Pines|Seven Pines and Fair Oaks, Virginia]]
::*'''Military units:''' [[II Corps (ACW)|2nd Corps]], [[III Corps (ACW)|3rd Corps]] and [[IV Corps (ACW)|4th Corps]], [[Army of the Potomac]].
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 890 killed, 3,627 wounded, 1,222 missing; ''Confederacy'' 2,800 killed, 3,897 wounded, 1,300 missing. ''Union'' Brig.-Gens. [[Oliver O. Howard|O. O. Howard]], [[Henry Morris Naglee|Naglee]], and Wessells wounded. ''Confederate'' Brig.-Gen. Hatton killed, General [[Joseph E. Johnston|J. E. Johnson]] and Brig.-Gen. Rhodes wounded, Brig.-Gen. [[J. Johnston Pettigrew|Pettigrew]] captured.


===June===
Some trees are sold live with roots and soil, often from a [[Nursery (horticulture)|nursery]], to be planted later outdoors and enjoyed (and often decorated) for years or decades. However, the combination of root loss on digging, and the indoor environment of high [[temperature]] and low [[humidity]] is very detrimental to the tree's health, and the survival rate of these trees is low. These trees must be kept inside only for a few days, as the warmth will bring them out of [[dormancy]], leaving them little protection when put back outside into the midwinter cold in most areas. Others are produced in a container and sometimes as [[topiary]] for a porch or patio.
; 1 and 2
:; Strasburg and Staunton Road, Va.
::* '''Military units:''' 8th W. Va., 60th Ohio, 1st N. J. Cav., 1st Pa. Cav.
::* '''Losses:''' ''Union'' 2 wounded.
; 3
:; Legare's Point, S. C.
::* '''Military units:''' 28th Mass., 100th Pa.
::* '''Losses:''' ''Union'' 5 wounded.
; 4
:* Jasper, Sweden's Cove, Tenn. — 79th Pa., 5th Ky. Cav., 7th Pa. Cav. 1st Ohio Battery. — ''Union'' 2 killed, 7 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 20 killed, 20 wounded.
:* Blackland, Miss. — 2d Iowa Cav., 2d Mich. Cav. — ''Union'' 5 killed, 14 wounded.
;[[June 5|5]]
:;[[Battle of Tranter's Creek|Tranter's Creek, North Carolina]]
::*'''Military units:''' 24th Massachusetts, Company I 3rd New York Cavalry, Marine Artillery.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 7 killed, 11 wounded.
;[[June 6|6]]
:;[[Battle of Memphis|Memphis, Tennessee]]
::*'''Military units:''' U.S. Gunboats ''Benton'', ''Louisville'', ''Carondelet'', ''Cairo'', and ''St. Louis''; and Rams ''Monarch'' and ''Queen of the West''.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Confederacy'' 80 killed and wounded, 100 captured.
:;Harrisonburg, Virginia
::*'''Military units:''' 1st New Jersey Cavalry, 1st Pennsylvania Rifles, 6th Ohio, 8th West Virginia.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 63 missing; ''Confederacy'' 17 killed, 50 wounded. ''Confederate'' General Ashby killed.
;[[June 8|8]]
:;[[Battle of Cross Keys|Cross Keys or Union Church, Virginia]]
::*'''Military units:''' 8th, 39th, 41st, 45th, 54th and 58th New York, 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 8th West Virginia, 25th, 32nd, 55th, 60th, 73rd, 75th and 82nd Ohio, 1st and 27th Pennsylvania, 1st Ohio Battery.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 125 killed, 500 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 42 killed, 230 wounded. ''Confederate'' Brig.-Gens. Stewart and Elzey wounded.
;[[June 9|9]]
:;[[Battle of Port Republic|Port Republic, Virginia]]
::*'''Military units:''' 5th, 7th, 29th and 66th Ohio, 84th and 110th Pennsylvania, 7th Indiana, 1st West Virginia, Batteries E 4th U.S. and A and L 1st Ohio Artillery.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 67 killed, 361 wounded, 574 missing; ''Confederacy'' 88 killed, 535 wounded, 34 missing.
; 10
:* James Island, S. C. — ''Union'' 3 killed, 13 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 17 killed, 30 wounded.
; 11
:* Monterey, Owen Co., Ky. — Capt. Blood's Mounted Provost Guard, 13th Ind. Battery. — ''Union'' 2 killed. — ''Confed.'' 100 captured.
; 12
:* Waddell's Farm, near Village Creek, Ark. — Detachment of 9th Ill. Cav. — ''Union'' 12 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 28 killed and wounded.
; 13
:* Old Church, Va. — 5th U. S. Cav. — ''Confed.'' 1 killed.
:* James Island, S. C. — ''Union'' 3 killed, 19 wounded. — ''Confed.'' 19 killed, 6 wounded.
; 14
:* Turnstall Station, Va. — ''Union'' 4 killed, 8 wounded. Bushwackers fire into railway train.
; 16
:* Secessionville or Fort Johnson, James Island, S. C. — 46th, 47th and 79th N. Y., 3d R. I., 3d N. H., 45th, 97th and 100th Pa., 6th and 7th Conn., 8th Mich., 28th Mass., 1st N. Y. Engineers, 1st Conn. Artil., Battery E 3d U. S. and I 3d R. I. Artil., Co. H 1st Mass. Cav. — ''Union'' 85 killed, 472 wounded, 138 missing. — ''Confed.'' 51 killed, 144 wounded.
; 17
:; St. Charles, White River, Ark.
::* '''Military units:''' 43d and 46th Ind., U. S. Gunboats ''Lexington'', ''Mound City'', ''Conestoga'', and ''St. Louis''.
::* '''Losses:''' ''Union'' 105 killed, 30 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 155 killed, wounded and captured.
:; Warrensburg, Mo.
::* '''Military units:''' 7th Mo. Cav. (Militia).
::* '''Losses:''' ''Union'' 2 killed, 2 wounded.
:; Smithville, Ark.
::* '''Losses:''' ''Union'' 2 killed, 4 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 4 wounded, 15 prisoners.
; 18
:; Williamsburg Road, Va.
::* '''Military units:''' 16th Mass.
::* '''Losses:''' ''Union'' 7 killed, 57 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 5 killed, 9 wounded.
; 21
:; Battle Creek, Tenn.
::* '''Military units:''' 2d and 33d Ohio, 10th Wis., 24th Ill., 4th Ohio Cav., 4th Ky. Cav., and Edgarton's Battery.
::* '''Losses:''' ''Union'' 4 killed, 3 wounded.
; 22
:; Raceland, near Algiers, La.
::* '''Military units:''' 8th Vt.
::* '''Losses:''' ''Union'' 3 killed, 8 wounded.
; 23
:; Raytown, Mo.
::* '''Military units:''' 7th Mo. Cav.
::* '''Losses:''' ''Union'' 1 killed, 1 wounded.
;[[June 25|25]]
:;[[Battle of Oak Grove|Oak Grove, Virginia]], also called Kings School House and The Orchards
::*'''Military units:''' Hooker's and Kearney's Divisions of the Third Corps, Palmer's Brigade of the Fourth Corps, and part of Richardson's Division of the Second Corps.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 51 killed, 401 wounded, 64 missing; ''Confederacy'' 65 killed, 465 wounded, 11 missing.
:; Germantown, Tenn.
::* '''Military units:''' 56th Ohio.
::* '''Losses:''' ''Union'' 10 killed.
:; Little Red River, Ark.
::* '''Military units:''' 4th Iowa Cav.
::* '''Losses:''' ''Union'' 2 wounded.
;[[June 26|26]] to [[June 29|29]]
:; Vicksburg, Miss.
::* '''Military units:''' U. S. Fleet, under command of Commodore Farragut.
::* No casualties recorded.
;26 to [[July 1]]
:;[[Seven Days Battles|The Seven Days' Retreat]] : Including engagements known as [[Battle of Beaver Dam Creek|Mechanicsville or Ellison's Mills]] on the 26th, [[Battle of Gaines' Mill|Gaines' Mills or Cold Harbor and Chickahominy]] on the [[June 27|27th]], Peach Orchard and [[Battle of Savage's Station|Savage Station]] on the [[June 29|29th]], [[Battle of White Oak Swamp|White Oak Swamp]], also called [[Battle of Glendale|Charles City Cross Roads, Glendale, Nelson's Farm, Frazier's Farm, Turkey Bend and New Market Cross Roads]] on the [[June 30|30th]], and [[Battle of Malvern Hill|Malvern Hill]] on July 1st.
::*'''Military units:''' [[Army of the Potomac]], Major General [[George B. McClellan]] commanding.
::*'''Union losses:'''
::*:1st Corps, Brig.-Gen. McCall's Div., 253 killed, 1,240 wounded, 1,581 missing; <br> 2nd Corps, Maj.-Gen. E. V. Sumner, 187 killed, 1076 wounded, 848 missing; <br> 3rd Corps, Maj.-Gen. Heintzleman, 189 killed, 1,051 wounded, 833 missing; <br> 4th Corps, Maj.-Gen. E. D. Keyes, 69 killed, 507 wounded, 201 missing; <br> 5th Corps, Maj.-Gen. Fitz-John Porter, 620 killed, 2,460 wounded, 1,198 missing; <br> 6th Corps, Maj.-Gen. Franklin, 245 killed, 1,313 wounded, 1,179 missing; <br> Cavalry, Brig.-Gen. Stoneman, 19 killed, 60 wounded, 97 missing; <br> Engineers' Corps, 2 wounded, 21 missing; <br> '''Total:''' 1,582 killed, 7,709 wounded, 5,958 missing. <br> (Maj.-Gen. Sumner and Brig.-Gens. Mead, Brook, and Burns, wounded.)
::*'''Confederacy losses:'''
::*:Maj.-Gen. Hager's Division, 187 killed, 803 wounded, 360 missing; <br> Maj.-Gen. Magruder's Division, 258 killed, 1,495 wounded, 30 missing; <br> Maj.-Gen. Longstreet's Division, 763 killed, 3,929 wounded, 239 missing; <br> Maj.-Gen. Hill's Division, 619 killed, 3,251 wounded; <br> Maj.-Gen. Jackson's Division, 966 killed, 4,417 wounded, 63 missing; <br> Maj.-Gen. Holmes' Division, 2 killed, 52 wounded; <br> Maj.-Gen. Stuart's Cavalry, 15 killed, 30 wounded, 60 missing; <br> Artillery, Brig.-Gen. Pendleton, 10 killed, 34 wounded; <br> '''Total:''' 2,820 killed, 14,011 wounded, 752 missing. <br> (Brig.-Gens. Griffith, killed, and Anderson, Featherstone, and Pender wounded.)
;[[June 27|27]]
:; Williams Bridge, Amite River, La.
::* '''Military units:''' 21st Ind.
::* '''Losses:''' ''[[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]'' 2 killed, 4 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 4 killed.
:; Village Creek, Ark.
::* '''Military units:''' 9th Ill. Cav.
::* '''Losses:''' ''[[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]'' 2 killed, 30 wounded.
:; Waddell's Farm, Ark.
::* '''Military units:''' Detachment 3d Iowa Cav.
::* '''Losses:''' ''[[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]'' 4 killed, 4 wounded.
;[[June 29|29]]
:; Willis Church, Va.
::* '''Military units:''' Cavalry advance of Casey's Division, 4th Corps.
::* '''Losses:''' ''Confederacy'' 2 killed, 15 wounded, 46 captured.
;[[June 30|30]]
:; Luray, Va.
::* '''Military units:''' Detachment of Cavalry of Brig.-Gen. Crawford's Command.
::* '''Losses:''' ''Union'' 1 killed, 3 wounded.


===July===
European tradition prefers the open aspect of naturally-grown, unsheared trees, while in North America (outside western areas where trees are often wild-harvested on public lands [http://www.co.blm.gov/news/2004/wsctrees.htm]) there is a preference for close-sheared trees with denser foliage, but less space to hang decorations. The shearing also damages the highly attractive natural [[symmetry]] of unsheared trees. In the past, Christmas trees were often harvested from wild forests, but now almost all are commercially grown on [[tree farm]]s.
;1
:*Boonville, Miss. &mdash; 2d Iowa Cav., 2d Mich. Cav. &mdash; ''Union'' 45 killed and wounded. &mdash; ''Confed.'' 17 killed, 65 wounded.
:*Morning Sun, Tenn. &mdash; 57th Ohio. &mdash; ''Union'' 4 wounded. &mdash; ''Confed.'' 11 killed, 26 wounded.
;3
:*Haxals or Elvington Heights, Va. &mdash; 14th Ind., 7th W. Va., 4th and 8th Ohio. &mdash; ''Union'' 8 killed, 32 wounded. &mdash; ''Confed.'' 100 killed and wounded.
;6
:*Grand Prairie, near Aberdeen, Ark. &mdash; 24th Ind. &mdash; ''Union'' 1 killed, 21 wounded. &mdash; ''Confed.'' 84 killed and wounded.
;[[July 7|7]]
:;[[Battle of Cotton Plant|Bayou Cache]], also called Cotton Plant, Round Hill, Hill's Plantation and Bayou de View
::*'''Military units:''' 11th Wisconsin, 33rd Illinois, 8th Indiana, 1st Missouri Light Artillery, 1st Indiana Cavalry, 5th and 13th Illinois Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 7 killed, 57 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 110 killed, 200 wounded.
;8
:*Black River, Mo. &mdash; 5th Kan. Cav. &mdash; ''Union'' 1 killed, 3 wounded.
;9
:*Hamilton, N. C. &mdash; 9th N. Y. and Gunboats ''Perry'', ''Ceres'', and ''Shawseen''. &mdash; ''Union'' 1 killed, 20 wounded.
:*Aberdeen, Ark. &mdash; 24th, 34th, 43d and 46th Ind. &mdash; Casualties not recorded.
:*Tompkinsville, Ky. &mdash; 3d Pa. Cav. &mdash; ''Union'' 4 killed, 6 wounded. &mdash; ''Confed.'' 10 killed and wounded.


Almost all Christmas trees in the United States are grown on Christmas tree farms where they are cut after about ten years of growth and new trees planted. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) agriculture census for 2002 (the census is done every five years) there were 21,904 farms were producing conifers for the cut Christmas Tree market in America, 446,996 acres were planted in Christmas Trees, and 13,849 farms harvested cut trees. The top 5 percent of the farms (100 acres or more) sold 61 percent of the trees. The top 26 percent of the farms (20 acres or more) sold 84 percent of the trees. 21% of the farms were less than two acres and sold an average of 115 trees per farm. [http://www.christmastree.org/statistics_industry.cfm#findings]


;[[July 13|13]]
In the [[United Kingdom|UK]], [[The British Christmas Tree Growers Association]] represents the interests of all those who grow Christmas trees in [[Great Britain]] and [[Northern Ireland]].
:;[[Battle of Murfreesboro I|Murfreesboro, Tennessee]]
::*'''Military units:''' 9th Michigan, 3rd Minnesota, 4th Kentucky Cavalry, 7th Pennsylvania Cavalry, 1st Kentucky Battery.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 33 killed, 62 wounded, 800 missing; ''Confederacy'' 50 killed, 100 wounded.


===Artificial trees===
===August===
;[[August 6|6]]
[[Image:TSTNewWorldCentre.jpg|thumb|250px|A large artificial Christmas tree outside a shopping mall in [[Hong Kong]], the [[People's Republic of China]]]]
:;Montevallo, Missouri
Artificial trees have become increasingly popular, as they are considered more convenient and (if used for several years) less expensive than real trees. Trees come in a number of colours and "species", and some come pre-decorated with lights. At the end of the Christmas season artificial trees can be diassembled and stored compactly.
::*'''Military units:''' 3rd Wisconsin Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 1 wounded, 3 missing.
:;Beech Creek, West Virginia
::*'''Military units:''' 4th West Virginia.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 3 killed, 8 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 1 killed, 11 wounded.
:;[[Battle of Kirksville|Kirksville, Missouri]]
::*'''Military units:''' Missouri State Militia.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 28 killed, 60 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 128 killed, 200 wounded.
:;Matapony or Thornburg, Virginia
::*'''Military units:''' Detachment of King's Division.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 1 killed, 12 wounded, 72 missing.
:;Tazewell, Tennessee
::*'''Military units:''' 16th and 42nd Ohio, 14th and 22nd Kentucky, 4th Wisconsin Battery.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 3 killed, 23 wounded, 50 missing; ''Confederacy'' 9 killed, 40 wounded.


Artificial trees are sometimes even a necessity in some rented homes (especially [[apartment]] flats), due to the potential [[fire]] danger from a dried-out real tree, leading to their prohibition by some [[landlord]]s {{citation needed}}. They may also be necessary for people who have an [[allergy]] to conifers, and are increasingly popular in office settings {{citation needed}}.


;[[August 9|9]]
====Feather trees====
:;Stockton, Missouri
The first artificial trees were tabletop ''feather trees'', made from green-[[dye]]d [[goose]] [[feather]]s wound onto sticks drilled into a larger one, like the branches on a tree. Originating in [[Germany]] in the 19th century to prevent further [[deforestation]], these "[[minimalism|minimalist]]" trees show off small ornaments very well. The first feather trees came to the U.S. in 1913, in the [[Sears Holdings Corporation|Sears, Roebuck and Company]] [[mail-order catalog|catalog]].
::*'''Military units:''' Colonel McNeil's command of Missouri State Militia.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Confederacy'' 13 killed, 36 missing.
:;[[Battle of Cedar Mountain|Cedar Mountain, Virginia]], also called Slaughter Mountain, Southwest Mountain, Cedar Run and Mitchell's Station
::*'''Military units:''' Second Corps, Maj.-Gen. Banks; Third Corps, Maj.-Gen. McDowell. [[Army of Virginia]], under command of Maj.-Gen. [[John Pope (military officer)|John Pope]].
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 450 killed, 660 wounded, 290 missing; ''Confederacy'' 229 killed, 1,047 wounded, 31 missing. ''Union'' Brig.-Gens. Augur, Carroll, and Geary wounded. ''Confederate'' Brig.-Gen. C. S. Winder killed.


====Modern trees====
The first modern artificial Christmas trees were produced by companies which made [[brush]]es. They were made the same way, using animal hair (mainly [[pig]] bristles) and later [[plastic]] bristles, dyed pine-green colour, inserted between twisted wires that form the branches. The bases of the branches were then twisted together to form a large branch, which was then inserted by the user into a wooden pole (now metal with plastic rings) for a trunk. Each row of branches is a different size, colour coded at the base with paint or stickers for ease of assembly.


;[[August 11|11]]
The first trees looked like long-needled pine trees, but later trees use flat [[Polyvinyl chloride|PVC]] sheets to make the needles. Many also have very short brown "needles" wound in with the longer green ones, to imitate the branch itself or the bases that each group of pine (but not other conifer) needles grows from. These trees have become a little more realistic every year, with a few [[deluxe]] trees containing multiple branch styles. Many trees now come in "slim" versions, to fit in smaller spaces. Most of the better trees have branches hinged to the pole, though the less-expensive ones generally still come separately. The hinged branched trees just need for the branches to be lowered. But they are a little less compact. Better trees also have more branch tips, the number usually listed on the box.
:;[[Battle of Independence I|Independence, Missouri]]
::*'''Military units:''' 7th Missouri Militia Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 14 killed, 18 wounded, 312 missing.
:;Helena, Arkansas
::*'''Military units:''' 2nd Wisconsin Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 1 killed, 2 wounded.
:;Wyoming Courthouse, West Virginia
::*'''Military units:''' Detachment of 37th Ohio.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 2 killed.
:;Kinderhook, Tennessee
::*'''Military units:''' Detachments of 3rd Kentucky and 1st Tennessee Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 3 killed; ''Confederacy'' 7 killed.


Around 2003, some trees with moulded plastic branches started selling in the U.S. Now there are also upside down christmas trees. These christmas trees are advertised to "Give you more space for presents".


;[[August 16|16]]
====Designer trees====
:;[[Battle of Lone Jack|Lone Jack, Missouri]]
The first trees which were not green were the [[metallic]] trees of the 1950s and 1960s. They were [[aluminium]]-coated [[paper]], meaning that they also posed a great fire hazard if lights were put directly on them (warnings to this effect are still issued with most christmas tree lights). They were instead lit by a [[searchlight|spotlight]] or [[floodlight]], often with a [[Electric motor|motor]]ised rotating [[color wheel]] in front of it. More recent tinsel trees can be used safely with lights.
::*'''Military units:''' Missouri Militia Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 60 killed, 100 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 110 killed and wounded.


Other artificial trees which look nothing like a conifer except for the triangular or conical shape, are also used as tabletop decorations, such as a stack of ornaments.


;23 to [[August 25|25]]
====Outdoor trees====
:;[[Battle of Rappahannock Station I|Skirmishes on the Rappahannock at Waterloo Bridge, Lee Springs, Freeman's Ford and Sulphur Springs, Virginia]]
Outdoor branched trees made out of heavy white-[[enameled wire|enameled]] [[steel]] wires have become more popular on U.S. [[lawn]]s in the 2000s, along with 1990s [[spiral]] ones that hang from a central pole, both styles being lighted with standard miniature lights. These lights are usually white, but often are green, red, red/green, blue/white, blue, or multicoloured, and sometimes with a small controller to fade colours back and forth.
::*'''Military units:''' [[Army of Virginia]], under Maj.-Gen. [[John Pope (military officer)|John Pope]]; ''Confederacy'' 27 killed, 94 wounded. ''Union'' Brig.-Gen. Bohlen captured.


A few [[hotel]]s and other buildings, both public and private, will string lights up from the roof to the top of a small tower on top of the building, so that at night it appears as a lit Christmas tree, often using green or other coloured lights. Some [[skyscraper]]s will tell certain offices to leave their lights on (and others off) at night during December, creating a Christmas tree pattern.


;[[August 27|27]]
====Other gimmicks====
:;[[Battle of Manassas Station Ops.|Bull Run Bridge, Virginia]]
[[Image:Fiber-optic Christmas tree.jpg|thumb|A tree with fibre optic lights]]
::*'''Military units:''' 11th and 12th Ohio, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th New Jersey.
Since the late 1990s, many indoor artificial trees come pre-strung with lights. Some are instead lit partly or completely by [[fibre optics]], with the light in the base, and a rotating colour wheel causing various colours to shimmer across the tree.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' Brig.-Gen. G. W. Taylor mortally wounded.
:;[[Battle of Manassas Station Ops.|Kettle Run, Virginia]]
::*'''Military units:''' Maj.-Gen. Hooker's Division of Third Corps.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 300 killed and wounded; ''Confederacy'' 300 killed and wounded.


In 2005 inverted trees became popular. They were originally sold as decorations for merchants that allowed customers to get closer to ornaments being sold. Customers then wanted to replicate the inverted tree. Retailers also claimed that the trees were popular because they allowed larger presents to be placed beneath the trees.


;[[August 30|30]]
Past gimmicks include small talking or singing trees, and trees which blow "snow" (actually small [[styrofoam]] beads) over themselves, collecting them in a decorative [[cardboard]] bin at the bottom and blowing them back up to the top through a tube hidden next to the trunk.
:;[[Second Battle of Bull Run|Second Battle of Bull Run or Manassas, Virginia]]
::*'''Military units:''' Same troops as engaged at Groveton and Gainesville on the 28th and 29th, with the addition of Porter's Fifth Corps.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 800 killed, 4,000 wounded, 3,000 missing; ''Confederacy'' 700 killed, 3,000 wounded.
:;Bolivar, Tennessee
::*'''Military units:''' 20th and 78th Ohio, 2nd and 11th Illinois Cavalry, 9th Indiana Artillery.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 5 killed, 18 wounded, 64 missing; ''Confederacy'' 100 killed and wounded.
:;McMinnville, Tennessee
::*'''Military units:''' 26th Ohio, 17th and 58th Indiana, 8th Indiana Battery.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Confederacy'' 1 killed, 20 wounded.
:;[[Battle of Richmond|Richmond, Kentucky]]
::*'''Military units:''' 12th, 16th, 55th, 66th, 69th, and 71st Indiana, 95th Ohio, 18th Kentucky, 6th and 7th Kentucky Cavalry, Batteries D and G Michigan Artillery.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 200 killed, 700 wounded, 4,000 missing; ''Confederacy'' 250 killed, 500 wounded.
;[[August 31|31]]
:;Medon Station, Tennessee
::*'''Military units:''' 45th Illinois, 7th Missouri.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 3 killed, 13 wounded, 43 missing.
:;Yates' Ford, Kentucky
::*'''Military units:''' 94th Ohio.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 3 killed, 10 wounded.


===September===
A long-standing and simple gimmick is conifer [[seed]]lings sold with cheap decorations attached by soft [[pipe cleaner]]s. Real potted ones are often sold like this, and artificial ones often come with a "root ball" but only sometimes with decorations.
;[[September 1|1]]
:;Britton's Lane, Tennessee
::*'''Military units:''' 20th and 30th Illinois, 4th Illinois Cavalry, Foster's (Ohio) Cavalry, Battery A 2nd Illinois Artillery.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 5 killed, 51 wounded, 52 missing; ''Confederacy'' 179 killed, 100 wounded.
:;[[Battle of Chantilly|Chantilly, Virginia]]
::*'''Military units:''' McDowell's Corps, [[Army of Virginia]]. Hooker's and Kearney's Divisions of Third Corps, [[Army of the Potomac]], Reno's Corps.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 1,300 killed, wounded, and missing; ''Confederacy'' 800 killed, wounded, and missing. ''Union'' Maj.-Gen. Kearney and Brig.-Gen. Stevens killed.


;2
====Environmental issues====
:*Vienna, Va. &mdash; 1st Minn. &mdash; ''Union'' 1 killed, 6 wounded.
There is some debate as to whether artificial or real trees are better for the [[natural environment]]. Artificial trees are usually made out of [[Polyvinyl chloride|PVC]], a toxic material which is often stabilised with [[lead]]. Some trees have a warning that dust or leaves from the tree should not be eaten or inhaled. A small amount of real-tree material is used in some artificial trees. For instance, the [[bark]] of a real tree can be used to surface an artificial trunk. [[Polyethylene]] trees are less toxic, though more expensive, than PVC trees [http://www.grist.org/advice/ask/2004/12/08/umbra-tree/].


;3
Artificial trees can be used for many years, but are usually non-recyclable, ending up in [[landfill]]s. Real trees are used only for a short time, but can be recycled and used as [[mulch]] or used to prevent [[erosion]] [http://doityourself.com/holiday/realorartificial.htm]. Real trees also help reduce the amount of [[carbon dioxide]] in the [[Earth's atmosphere|atmosphere]] while growing.
:*Slaughterville, Ky. &mdash; Foster's (Ohio) Cav. &mdash; ''Confed.'' 3 killed, 2 wounded, 25 captured.


;6
Live trees are typically grown as a [[Crop (agriculture)|crop]] and replanted in rotation after cutting, often providing suitable [[Habitat (ecology)|habitat]] for wildlife. In some cases management of Christmas tree crops can result in poor habitat since it involves heavy input of [[pesticide]]s. [[Organic farming|Organically grown]] Christmas trees are available in some markets, and as with many other crops, are widely held to be better for the environment. Dr. Patrick Moore, a co-founder and former president of Greenpeace, writes:
:*Washington, N. C. &mdash; 24th Mass., 1st N. C., 3d N. Y. Cav. &mdash; ''Union'' 8 killed, 36 wounded. &mdash; ''Confed.'' 30 killed, 100 wounded.


;7
: ''Whether you choose a cut or growing tree to enjoy this holiday season, I believe that a sensible environmentalist would opt for renewable over non-renewable every time.'' [http://www.doityourself.com/stry/realorartificial]
:*Poolesville, Md. &mdash; 3d Ind. and 8th Ill. Cav. &mdash; ''Union'' 2 killed, 6 wounded. &mdash; ''Confed.'' 3 killed, 6 wounded.
:*Clarksville or Rickett's Hill, Tenn. &mdash; 11th Ill., 13th Wis., 71st Ohio, 5th Iowa Cav., and two batteries. &mdash; No casualties recorded.


;9
==Decoration and ornaments==
:*Columbia, Tenn. &mdash; 42d Ill. &mdash; ''Confed.'' 18 killed, 45 wounded.
[[Tinsel]] and several types of [[garland (decoration)|garland]] or [[ribbon]] are commonly used to decorate a Christmas tree. Delicate mould-blown and painted coloured glass [[Christmas ornament]]s were a specialty of [[Czech lands|Czech]] glass factories from the late 19th century, and have since become a large industry, complete with famous-name designers. Lighting with [[candle]]s or electric lights ([[fairy lights]]) is commonly done, and a [[tree topper]] completes the ensemble. Strands of [[tinsel]] may be hung in groups from longer branches to simulate [[icicle]]s, though this [[trend]] has gradually fallen off since the late 1970s. Baubles are another extremely common decoration, and usually consist of a fairly small hollow glass or plastic sphere coated with a thin metallic layer to make them reflective, and then with a further coating of a thin pigmented polymer in order to provide colouration.
:*Des Allemands, La. &mdash; 21st Ind., 4th Wis. &mdash; ''Confed.'' 12 killed.


;10
Individuals' decorations vary wildly, typically being an eclectic mix of family traditions and personal tastes; even a small unattractive ornament, if passed down from a parent or grandparent, may come to carry considerable emotional value and be given pride of place on the tree. Conversely, trees decorated by professional designers for [[department store]]s and other institutions will usually have a "theme"; a set of predominant colours, multiple instances of each type of ornament, and larger decorations that may be more complicated to set up correctly.
:*Cold Water, Miss. &mdash; 6th Ill. Cav. &mdash; ''Confed.'' 4 killed, 80 wounded.
:*Fayetteville, W. Va. &mdash; 34th and 37th Ohio, 4th W. Va. &mdash; ''Union'' 131 killed, 80 wounded.


;[[September 12|12]] to [[September 15|15]]
Many people also decorate outdoor trees with food that [[bird]]s and other [[wildlife]] will enjoy, such as garlands made from unsalted [[popcorn]] or [[cranberry|cranberries]], [[orange (fruit)|orange]] halves, and seed-covered [[suet]] cakes.
:;[[Battle of Harpers Ferry|Harper's Ferry, Virginia]]
::*'''Military units:''' 39th, 111th, 115th, 125th and 126th New York Militia, 32nd, 60th, and 87th Ohio, 9th Vermont, 65th Illinois, 1?th Indiana, 1st and 3rd Maryland Home Brigade, 8th New York Cavalry, [[12th Illinois Cavalry]], 1st Maryland Cavalry, four Batteries of Artillery.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 80 killed, 120 wounded, 11,583 missing and captured; ''Confederacy'' 500 killed and wounded.
;[[September 14|14]]
:;[[Battle of South Mountain|Turner's and Crampton's Gap, South Mountain, Maryland]]
::*'''Military units:''' First Corps, Maj.-Gen. Hooker; Sixth Corps, Maj.-Gen. Franklin; Ninth Corps, Maj.-Gen. Reno.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 443 killed, 1,806 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 500 killed, 2,343 wounded, 1,500 captured. ''Union'' Maj.-Gen. Reno killed. ''Confederate'' Brig.-Gen. Garland killed.
;14 to [[September 16|16]]
:;[[Battle of Munfordville|Munfordville, Kentucky]]
::*'''Military units:''' 18th U.S. Infantry, 28th and 33rd Kentucky, 17th, 50th, 60th, 67th, 68th, 74th, 78th, and 89th Indiana, Conkle's Battery, 13th Indiana Artillery and Louisville Provost Guard.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 50 killed, 3,566 captured and missing; ''Confederacy'' 714 killed and wounded.
;[[September 17|17]]
:;Durhamville, Tennessee
::*'''Military units:''' Detachment of 52nd Indiana.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 1 killed, 10 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 8 killed.
:;[[Battle of Antietam|Antietam or Sharpsburg, Maryland]]
::*'''Military units:''' First Corps, Maj.-Gen. Hooker; Second Corps, Maj.-Gen. Sumner; Fifth Corps, Maj.-Gen. Fitz-John Porter; Sixth Corps, Maj.-Gen. Franklin; Ninth Corps, Maj.-Gen. Burnside; Twelfth Corps, Maj.-Gen. Williams; Couch's Division, Fourth Corps; Pleasanton's Division of Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 2,010 killed, 9,416 wounded, 1,043 missing; ''Confederacy'' 3,500 killed, 16,399 wounded, 6,000 missing. ''Union'' Brig.-Gen. Mansfield killed, Maj.-Gens. Hooker and Richardson, and Brig.-Gens. Rodman, Weber, Sedgwick, Hartsuff, Dana, and Meagher wounded. ''Confederate'' Brig.-Gens. Branch, Anderson, and Starke killed, Maj.-Gen. Anderson, Brig.-Gens. Toombs, Lawton, Kipley, Rodes, Gregg, Armstead, and Ransom wounded.
;[[September 19|19]] and 20
:;[[Battle of Iuka|Iuka, Mississippi]]
::*'''Military units:''' Stanley's and Hamilton's Divisions, [[Army of the Mississippi]], under Maj.-Gen. Rosecrans.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 144 killed, 598 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 263 killed, 692 wounded, 561 captured. ''Confederate'' Brig.-Gen. Little killed and Whitfield wounded.
;[[September 20|20]]
:;[[Battle of Shepherdstown|Blackford's Ford, Sheppardstown, Virginia]]
::*'''Military units:''' Fifth Corps, Griffith's and Barnes' Brigades.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 92 killed, 131 wounded, 103 missing; ''Confederacy'' 33 killed, 231 wounded.
;[[September 30|30]]
:;[[Battle of Newtonia I|Newtonia, Missouri]]
::*'''Military units:''' 1st Brigade Army of Kansas, 4th Brigade Missouri Militia Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 50 killed, 80 wounded, 115 missing; ''Confederacy'' 220 killed, 280 wounded.


===Tree mats and skirts===
===October===
;1
[[Image:Poinsettia_tree.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A tree of [[pointsettia]]s in [[San Diego]]]]
:*Floyd's Ford, Ky. 34th Ill., 77th Penna., 4th Ind. Cav. No casualties recorded.
Since [[candle]]s were used to light trees until electric bulbs came about, a [[mat]] (UK) or "[[skirt]]" (US) was often placed on the floor below the tree to protect it by catching the dripping candle [[wax]], and also to collect any needles that fall. Even when dripless candles, electric lights and artificial trees have been used, a skirt is still usually used as a decorative feature: among other things, it hides the tree [[stand]], which may be unsightly but which is an important [http://www.safety.com/articles/keeping-your-christmas-tree-safe.html safety feature] of home trees. What began as ordinary [[cloth]] has now often become much more ornate, some having [[embroidery]] or being put together like a [[quilt]].
:*Sheperdstown, Va. 8th Ill., 8th Penna., 3d Ind. Cav., Pennington's Battery. ''Union'' 12 wounded. ''Confed.'' 60 killed.


;[[October 3|3]] and [[October 4|4]]
A [[nativity scene]], [[model train]], or [[Christmas village]] may be placed on the mat or skirt. As Christmas presents arrive, they are generally placed underneath the tree on the tree skirt (depending on tradition, all Christmas gifts, or those too large to be hung on the tree, as in "presents on the tree" of the song "[[I'll Be Home For Christmas]]").
:;[[Battle of Corinth II|Corinth, Mississippi]]
::*'''Military units:''' McKean's, Davies', Hamilton's, and Stanley's Divisions, [[Army of the Mississippi]].
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 315 killed, 1,812 wounded, 232 missing; ''Confederacy'' 1,423 killed, 5,692 wounded, 2,248 missing. ''Union'' Brig.-Gens. Hacklemans killed and Oglesby wounded.
;[[October 5|5]]
:;[[Battle of Hatchie's Bridge|Metamora, on Big Hatchie River, Tennessee]]
::*'''Military units:''' Hurlburt's and Ord's Divisions.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 500 killed and wounded; ''Confederacy'' 400 killed and wounded.


;7
Generally, the difference between a mat and skirt is simply that a mat is placed ''under'' the tree stand, while a skirt is placed ''over'' it, having a hole in the middle for the trunk, with a slot cut to the outside edge so that it can be placed around the tree (beneath the branches) easily. A plain mat of fabric or plastic may also be placed under the stand and skirt to protect the floor from scratches or water.
:*La Vergne, Tenn. Palmer's Brigade. ''Union'' 5 killed, 9 wounded. ''Confed.'' 80 killed and wounded, 175 missing.


;[[October 8|8]]
===Flocking===
:;[[Battle of Perryville|Perryville, Kentucky]]
In the 1980s some trees were sprayed with fluffy white [[Flocking (texture)|flocking]] to simulate snow. Typically it would be sprayed all over the tree from the sides, which produced a look different from real snow, which settles in clumps atop branches. Flocking can be done with a professional sprayer at a tree lot (or the manufacturer if it is artificial), or at home from a spray can, and either can be rather messy. This tradition seems to be limited mostly to the United States.
::*'''Military units:''' First Corps, [[Army of the Ohio]], Maj.-Gen. McCook, and Third Corps, Brig.-Gen. Gilbert.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 916 killed, 2,943 wounded, 489 missing; ''Confederacy'' 2,500 killed, wounded, and missing. ''Union'' Brig.-Gens. J. S. Jackson and Terrill killed. ''Confederate'' Brig.-Gens. Cleburne, Wood, and Brown wounded.


;10
==History==
:*Harrodsburg, Ky. Union troops, commanded by Lieut.-Col. Boyle, 9th Ky. Cav. ''Confed.'' 1,600 captured.
[[Image:Dionysus.jpg|left|thumb|[[Dionysus]] in his Triumphant Return; behind the god, [[Victoria (mythology)|Victoria]] holds an evergreen.]]


;11
The Christmas tree is often explained as a [[Christianization]] of the ancient [[Paganism|pagan]] idea that the [[evergreen]] tree represents a celebration of the renewal of life. In [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[mosaic]]s from what is today [[Tunisia]], showing the mythic triumphant return from [[India]] of the [[Greek mythology|Greek]] god of [[wine]] and male [[fertility]], [[Dionysus]] (dubbed by some modern scholars as a [[life-death-rebirth deity]]), the god carries a tapering coniferous tree. This Christianization process is arguably seen in the [[Old English]] poem the [[Dream of the rood]], in which the tree is the [[Crucifixion of Jesus|cross]] on which [[Jesus]] was [[crucifixion|crucified]]. The poem also refers to the [[Tree of knowledge of good and evil]] in [[Genesis]].
:*La Grange, Ark. Detach. 4th Iowa Cav. ''Union'' 4 killed, 13 wounded.


;17
[[Medieval]] legends tended to concentrate more on the miraculous "flowering" of trees at Christmas time. A branch of flowering [[Glastonbury thorn]] is still sent annually for the Queen's Christmas table in the [[United Kingdom]].
:*Lexington, Ky. Detach. 3d and 4th Ohio Cav. ''Union'' 4 killed, 24 wounded, 350 missing.


;18
[[Image:taiwan_christmas_tree_bunun.jpg|right|thumb|[[Taiwanese aborigine|Taiwanese aboriginals]], tutored by Christian missionaries, celebrate with trees ([[Cunninghamia|''Cunninghamia lanceolata'']]) outside their homes.]]
:*Haymarket, Va. Detach. 6th Iowa Cav. ''Union'' 1 killed, 6 wounded, 23 captured.


;22
Patron trees (for example, the [[Irminsul]], [[Thor's Oak]] and the figurative [[Yggdrasil]]) held special significance for the ancient [[Germanic peoples|Germanic tribes]], appearing throughout historic accounts as sacred symbols and objects. Among early Germanic tribes the [[Yule]] tradition was celebrated by sacrificing male animals and [[slavery|slaves]] by suspending them on the branches of trees. According to [[Adam of Bremen]], in [[Scandinavia]] the pagan kings sacrificed nine males of each species at the [[sacred grove]]s every ninth year. According to one legend, [[Saint Boniface]] attempted to introduce the idea of [[trinity]] to the pagan tribes using the cone-shaped evergreen trees because of their triangular appearance.
:*Pocotaligo or Yemassee, S.C. 47th, 55th, and 76th Penna., 48th N.Y., 6th and 7th Conn., 3d and 4th N.H., 3d R.I., 1st N.Y. Engineers, 1st Mass. Cav., Batteries D and M 1st U.S. Artil. and E 3d U.S. Artil. ''Union'' 43 killed, 258 wounded. ''Confed. 14 killed, 102 wounded.


;23
The modern custom, however, although likely related, cannot be proven to be directly descended from pagan tradition. It can be traced to 16th century [[Germany]]; [[Ingeborg Weber-Keller]] ([[Marburg]] professor of European [[ethnology]]) identified as the earliest reference a [[Bremen (city)|Bremen]] [[guild]] [[chronicle]] of 1570 which reports how a small fir was decorated with apples, nuts, dates, pretzels and paper flowers, and erected in the guild-house, for the benefit of the guild members' children, who collected the dainties on Christmas day. Another early reference is from [[Basel]], where the taylor apprentices carried around town a tree decorated with apples and cheese in 1597. The city of [[Riga, Latvia]] claims to be home of the first holiday tree, an octagonal plaque in the town square reads "The First New Years Tree in Riga in 1510", in eight different languages. During the 17th century, the custom entered family homes. One [[Strasbourg]] priest, Johann Konrad Dannerhauer, complains about the custom as distracting from the [[Bible|Word of God]]. By the early 18th century, the custom had become common in towns of the upper [[Rhineland]], but it had not yet spread to rural areas. Wax candles are attested from the late 18th century. The Christmas tree remained confined to the upper Rhineland for a relatively long time. It was regarded as a Protestant custom by the Catholic majority along the lower Rhine, and was spread there only by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] officials who were moved there in the wake of the [[Congress of Vienna]] in 1815. In the early 19th century, the custom became popular among the nobility and spread to royal courts as far as Russia. Princess [[Henrietta von Nassau-Weilburg]] introduced the Christmas tree to [[Vienna]] in 1816, and the custom spread across Austria in the following years. In [[France]], the first Christmas tree was introduced in 1840 by the duchess of Orleans.
:*Waverly, Tenn. 83d Ill. ''Union'' 1 killed, 2 wounded. ''Confed.'' 40 killed and wounded.


;24
[[Image:Godey'streeDec1850.GIF|thumb|left|200px|The Queen's Christmas tree at [[Osborne House]]. The engraving republished in ''[[Godey's Lady's Book]]'', Philadelphia, December 1850]]
:*Grand Prairie, Mo. Two Battalions Mo. Militia Cav. ''Union'' 3 wounded. ''Confed.'' 8 killed, 20 wounded.


;28
In Britain, the Christmas tree was introduced by King George III's German Queen [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]], but did not spread much beyond the royal family. Queen Victoria as a child was familiar with the custom, in her journal for Christmas Eve 1832, the delighted 13-year-old Princess wrote: "After dinner...we then went into the drawing-room near the dining-room...There were two large round tables on which were placed two trees hung with lights and sugar ornaments. All the presents being placed round the trees...". After her marriage to her German cousin, [[Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha|Prince Albert]], the custom became even more widespread. In 1847, Prince Albert wrote: "I must now seek in the children an echo of what Ernest [his brother] and I were in the old time, of what we felt and thought; and their delight in the Christmas-trees is not less than ours used to be". The generous Prince Albert also presented large numbers of trees to schools and army barracks at Christmas. Images of the royal family with their Christmas tree at [[Osborne House]] were illustrated in English magazines, initially as a [[woodcut]] in the [[Illustrated London News]] of December 1848, and copied in the [[United States]] at Christmas 1850 (''illustration, left''). Such patriotic prints of the British royal family at Christmas celebrations helped popularise the Christmas tree in Britain and among the anglophile American upper class.
:*Clarkson, Mo. Detach. 2d Ill. Artil. ''Confed.'' 10 killed, 2 wounded.


===November===
There are several cities in the United States which lay claim to that country's first Christmas tree. [[Windsor Locks, Connecticut]] claims that a Hessian soldier put up a Christmas tree in 1777 while imprisoned at the Noden-Reed House, thus making it the home of the first Christmas tree in New England. The "First Christmas Tree in America" is also claimed by [[Easton, Pennsylvania]], where German settlers purportedly erected a Christmas tree in 1816.
;1
:*Philomont, Va. Pleasanton's Cavalry. ''Union'' 1 killed, 14 wounded. ''Confed.'' 3 killed, 10 wounded.


;2 and 3
Many [[cities]], [[town]]s, and [[department store]]s put up public Christmas trees outdoors for everyone to enjoy, such as the [[Rich's Great Tree]] in [[Atlanta, Georgia|Atlanta]], the [[Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree]] in [[New York City]] and the large Christmas tree at [[Victoria Square]] in [[Adelaide]]. During the 1970's and 1980's, the largest Christmas tree in the world was put up every year on the property of [[The National Enquirer]] in [[Lantana, Florida]]. This tradition grew into one of the most spectacular and celebrated events in the history of [[south Florida]].
:*Bloomfield and Union, Loudon Co., Va. Pleasanton's Cavalry. ''Union'' 2 killed, 10 wounded. ''Confed.'' 3 killed, 15 wounded.
Unfortunately, this annual affair was discontinued upon the death of the papers founder in the late 1980's.


;3
In some cities [[Festival of Trees|festivals]] are organised around the decoration and display of multiple trees as charity events. In some cases the trees represent special commemorative gifts, such as in [[Trafalgar Square]] in [[London]] where the City of Oslo presents a tree to the people of London as a token of appreciation for the British support of Norwegian resistance during the [[World War II|Second World War]]; in [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] where the tree is a gift from the city of [[Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax]], [[Nova Scotia]], in thanks for rapid deployment of supplies and rescuers to the 1917 [[Halifax Explosion|ammunition ship explosion]] that leveled Halifax harbor; and in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], where the 15 [[metre|m]] tall main civic Christmas tree is an annual gift from the city of [[Bergen, Norway|Bergen]], [[Norway]] in thanks for the part played by soldiers from Newcastle in liberating Bergen from [[Nazism|Nazi]] occupation.
:*Harrisonville, Mo. 5th and 6th Mo. Cav. ''Union'' 10 killed, 3 wounded. ''Confed.'' 6 killed, 20 wounded.


;5
The [[United States]]' [[National Christmas Tree]] is lit each year south of the [[White House]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] Today, the lighting of the National Tree is part of what has become a major holiday event at the White House. President [[Jimmy Carter]] only lit the crowning star atop the Tree in 1979 in honor of the Americans being [[Iran hostage crisis|held hostage in Iran]]; in 1980, the tree was only fully lit for 417 seconds, one second for each day the hostages had been in captivity.
:*Barbee's Cross Roads and Chester Gap, Va. Pleasanton's Cavalry. ''Union'' 5 killed, 10 wounded. ''Confed.'' 36 killed.
:*Nashville, Tenn. 16th and 51st Ill., 69th Ohio, 14th Mich., 78th Pa., 5th Tenn. Cav., 7th Pa. Cav. ''Union'' 26 wounded. ''Confed.'' 23 captured.


;6
The term ''[[Charlie Brown]] Christmas tree'' can be used to described any sad-looking, malformed little tree. Some tree buyers intentionally adopt such trees, feeling sympathetic to their plights. The term comes from the appearance of Charlie Brown's Christmas tree in the [[:Category:Christmas television specials|TV special]] ''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]''.
:*Garrettsburg, Ky. 8th Ky. Cav. ''Confed.'' 17 killed, 85 wounded.


;7
===Name controversy===
:*Big Beaver Creek, Mo. 10th Ill., two Cos. Mo. Militia Cav. ''Union'' 300 captured.
The term '''holiday tree''' has, since at least 1990 (and perhaps before), been used by some in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]] as an effort to be more inclusive, and to reflect the [[winter holiday season]] instead of any specific religious holiday. A recent campaign spearheaded by [[Fox News Channel|Fox News']] contributors [[Bill O'Reilly (commentator)|Bill O'Reilly]] and [[Sean Hannity]] has resulted in a backlash from some Christian groups and individuals who feel the designation "holiday tree" is part of a so-called [[war on Christmas]].
:*Marianna, Ark. 3d and 4th Iowa, 9th Ill. Cav. ''Union'' 3 killed, 20 wounded. ''Confed.'' 50 killed and wounded.


;8
===Usage controversy===
:*Hudsonville, Miss. 7th Kan. Cav., 2d Iowa Cav. ''Confed.'' 16 killed, 185 captured.
Some Christians, albeit a minority, feel that the practice of having "Christmas Trees" is prohibited by the [[Book of Jeremiah]] 10:1-5 which says,


;17
:For the customs of the people [are] vain: for [one] cutteth a tree out of the forest, the work of the hands of the workman, with the axe. They deck it with silver and with gold; they fasten it with nails and with hammers, that it move not. They are upright as the palm tree, but speak not: they must needs be borne, because they cannot go. Be not afraid of them; for they cannot do evil, neither also is it in them to do good. [[KJV]].
:*Gloucester, Va. 104th Pa. ''Union'' 1 killed, 3 wounded.


;18
Interpreting those verses as a ban on Christmas trees may be more common among individuals and [[Christian denomination]]s that are part of the [[King-James-Only Movement]].
:*Rural Hills, Tenn. 8th Ky. Cav. ''Confed.'' 16 killed.


;24
In other [[English translations of the Bible]] the verses more explicitly refer to the practice of making idols to be worshipped:
:*Beaver Creek, Mo. 21st Iowa, 3d Mo. Cav. ''Union'' 6 killed, 10 wounded. ''Confed.'' 5 killed, 20 wounded.


;26
:For the customs of the peoples are worthless; they cut a tree out of the forest, and a ''craftsman shapes it with his chisel''. They adorn it with silver and gold; they fasten it with a hammer and nails so it will not totter. Like a scarecrow in a melon patch, their idols cannot speak; ''they must be carried because they cannot walk''. ''Do not fear them''; they can do no harm nor can they do any good. (emphasis added) [[NIV]]
:*Summerville, Miss. 7th Ill. Cav. ''Confed.'' 28 captured.


;[[November 28|28]]
A full study of the passage shows that the people would cut down a tree and work it with a chisel to engrave an image in it. They would also carry it from place to place as an object to be feared and worshipped. The only consistencies with Christmas tree customs seem to be that both are made of wood and both are decorated.
:;[[Battle of Cane Hill|Cane Hill, Boston Mountain, and Boonsboro, Arkansas]]
::*'''Military units:''' 1st Division [[Army of the Frontier]].
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 4 killed, 36 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 75 killed, 300 wounded.
:;Hartwood Church, Virginia
::*'''Military units:''' 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 4 killed, 9 wounded, 200 missing.


===December===
Some Christians, again a minority, feel that since "Christmas Trees" are not biblically ordained, they should not be used. Such individuals and [[Christian denomination]]s are unlikely to celebrate [[Christmas]] at all, for the same reason, such as the [[United Church of God]].
;1
:*Charleston and Berryville, Va. 2d Div. 12th Corps. ''Confed.'' 5 killed, 18 wounded.


;5
Most churches however use Christmas trees as decoration at Christmas time. Some churches use the same stripped Christmas tree as a [[Christian cross]] at [[Easter]]. See the [[The Dream of the Rood]] described above. Both [[Ezekiel]] 47:12 and the [[Book of Revelation]] 22:2 use trees as a symbol of new fruitful life, comparative to the Tree of life denied Adam in [[Genesis]] 3:22-23. Paul makes the link between Adam and Christ clear in [[Epistle to the Romans|Romans]] chapter 5:
:*Coffeeville, Miss. 1st, 2d, and 3d Cav. Brigades, Army of the Tennessee. ''Union'' 10 killed, 54 wounded. ''Confed.'' 7 killed, 43 wounded.
:*Helena, Ark. 30th Iowa, 29th Wis. ''Confed.'' 8 killed.


;[[December 7|7]]
((Adam is)) '' a [[Type (theology)|type]] of the one who was to come. (v. 14)
:;[[Battle of Prairie Grove|Prairie Grove or Fayetteville, Arkansas]]
::*'''Military units:''' 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Divisions [[Army of the Frontier]].
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 167 killed, 798 wounded, 183 missing; ''Confederacy'' 300 killed, 1,200 wounded and missing.
:;Hartsville, Tennessee
::*'''Military units:''' 106th and 108th Ohio, 104th Illinois, 2nd Indiana Cavalry, 11th Kentucky Cavalry, 13th Indiana Battery.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 55 killed, 1,800 captured; ''Confederacy'' 21 killed, 114 wounded.
;[[December 9|9]]
:;Dobbin's Ferry, Tennessee
::*'''Military units:''' 35th Indiana, 51st Ohio, 8th and 21st Kentucky, 7th Indiana Battery.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 5 killed, 48 wounded.
;[[December 12|12]]
:;Little Bear Creek, Alabama
::*'''Military units:''' 52nd Illinois.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 1 killed, 2 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 11 killed, 30 wounded.
;12 to [[December 18|18]]
:;Foster's expedition to [[Goldsboro, North Carolina]]
::*'''Military units:''' 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Brigades of First Division and Wessell's Brigade of Peck's Division, Department of North Carolina.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 90 killed, 478 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 71 killed, 268 wounded, 400 missing.
;[[December 13|13]]
:;[[Battle of Fredericksburg|Fredericksburg, Virginia]]
::*'''Military units:''' [[Army of the Potomac]], Maj.-Gen. Burnside; Second Corps, Maj.-Gen. Couch; Ninth Corps, Maj.-Gen. Wilcox. Right Grand Division, Maj.-Gen. Sumner; First Corps, Maj.-Gen. Reynolds; Sixth Corps, Maj.-Gen. W. F. Smith. Left Grand Division, Maj.-Gen. Franklin; Fifth Corps, Maj.-Gen. Butterfield; Third Corps, Maj.-Gen. Stoneman. Center Grand Division, Maj.-Gen. Hooker.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 1,180 killed, 9,028 wounded, 2,145 missing; ''Confederacy'' 579 killed, 3,870 wounded, 127 missing. ''Union'' Brig.-Gens. Jackson and Bayard killed and Gibbons and Vinton wounded. ''Confederate'' Brig.-Gen. T. R. R. Cobb killed and Maxey Gregg wounded.
;[[December 14|14]]
:;[[Battle of Kinston|Kinston, North Carolina]]
::*'''Military units:''' 1st, 2nd and 3rd Brigades 1st Division and Wessell's Brigade of Peck's Division, Department of North Carolina.
::*'''Losses:''' ''Union'' 40 killed, 120 wounded; ''Confederacy'' 50 killed, 75 wounded, 400 missing.


;18
In the same way the Christmas tree can be seen as mirroring the tree of life, a symbol or type of the [[Crucifix]] which brings redemption.
:*Lexington, Tenn. 11th Ill. Cav., 5th Ohio Cav., 2d Tenn. Cav. ''Union'' 7 killed, 10 wounded, 124 missing. ''Confed.'' 7 killed, 28 wounded.


;20
==See also==
:*Holly Springs, Miss. 2d Ill. Cav. ''Union'' 1,000 captured.
*[[American Christmas traditions]]
:*Trenton, Tenn. Detachments 122d Ill., 7th Tenn. Cav., and convalescents. ''Union'' 1 killed, 250 prisoners. ''Confed.'' 17 killed, 50 wounded.
*[[Festivus Pole]]
*[[Fleur de lys]]
*[[German Christmas traditions]]
*[[Holy trinity]]
*[[New Year Tree]]
*[[Palmette]]
*[[Star of Bethlehem]]
*[[Star of David]]
*[[Tree (mythology)]]
*[[Tree of Knowledge]]
*[[Tree of life]]


;21
==External links==
:*Davis's Mills, Miss. Six Cos. 25th Ind., two Cos. 5th Ohio Cav. ''Union'' 3 wounded. ''Confed.'' 22 killed, 50 wounded, 20 missing.
{{commons|Christmas tree}}
*[http://www.nps.gov/whho/pageant/nctrees/1923/ US National Christmas Tree]
*[http://www.royalinsight.gov.uk/output/Page2821.asp British Royal Family Christmas trees]
*[http://www.firstchristmastree.com Riga, Latvia purported home of the original Christmas Tree]
*[http://www.conifers.org/topics/xmastree.htm An iconoclastic look at artificial Christmas trees, at the Gymnosperm Database]
*[http://www.BCTGA.co.uk The British Christmas Tree Growers Association homepage]
*[http://www.sots.ct.gov/RegisterManual/SectionX/MUSEUMS.htm 1777 Christmas tree in Windsor Locks, CT]


;24
[[Category:Christmas traditions]]
:*Middleburg, Miss. 115 men of 12th Mich. ''Union'' 9 wounded. ''Confed.'' 9 killed, 11 wounded.
[[Category:Trees]]
:*Glasgow, Ky. Five Cos. 2d Mich. Cav. ''Union'' 1 killed, 1 wounded. ''Confed.'' 3 killed, 3 wounded.
[[Category:Conifers]]


;25
[[als:Christbaum]]
:*Green's Chapel, Ky. Detachment of 4th and 5th Ind. Cav. ''Union'' 1 killed. ''Confed.'' 9 killed, 22 wounded.
[[bg:Коледна елха]]

[[cs:Vánoční stromek]]
;26
[[da:Juletræ]]
:*Bacon Creek, Ky. Detachment 2d Mich Cav. ''Union'' 23 wounded.
[[de:Weihnachtsbaum]]

[[el:Δένδρο των Χριστουγέννων]]
;27
[[es:Árbol de Navidad]]
:*Elizabethtown, Ky. 91st Ill. 500 men captured by Morgan.
[[eo:Kristnaska arbo]]
:*Dumfries, Va. 5th, 7th and 66th Ohio, 12th Ill. Cav., 1st Md. Cav., 6th Maine Battery. ''Union'' 3 killed, 8 wounded. ''Confed.'' 25 killed, 40 wounded.
[[fr:Sapin de Noël]]

[[id:Pohon Natal]]
;28
[[it:Albero di Natale]]
:*Elk Fork, Tenn. 6th and 10th Ky. Cav. ''Confed.'' 30 killed, 176 wounded, 51 missing.
[[he:עץ חג המולד]]

[[nl:Kerstboom]]
;28 and 29
[[ja:クリスマスツリー]]
:*Chickasaw Bayou, Vicksburg, Miss. Army of Tennessee. Maj.-Gen. W. T. Sherman&mdash;Brig.-Gens. G. W. Morgan's, Frederick Steele's, M. L. Smith's, and A. J. Smith's divisions of the right wing. ''Union'' 191 killed, 982 wounded, 756 missing. ''Confed.'' 207 wounded. ''Union'' Maj.-Gen. M. L. Smith wounded.
[[no:Juletre]]

[[nn:Juletre]]
;30
[[pl:Choinka]]
:*Wautauga Bridge and Carter's Station, Tenn. 7th Ohio Cav., 9th Pa. Cav. ''Union'' 1 killed, 2 wounded. ''Confed.'' 7 killed, 15 wounded, 273 missing.
[[pt:Árvore de Natal]]
:*Jefferson, Tenn. Second Brigade 1st Division Thomas's corps. ''Union'' 20 killed, 40 wounded. ''Confed.'' 15 killed, 50 wounded.
[[ro:Pom de Crăciun]]
:*Parker's Cross Roads or Red Mound, Tenn. 18th, 106th, 119th and 122d Ill., 27th, 39th and 63d Ohio, 50th Ind., 39th Iowa, 7th Tenn., 7th Wis. Battery. ''Union'' 23 killed, 139 wounded, 58 missing. ''Confed.'' 50 killed, 150 wounded, 300 missing.
[[ru:Новогодняя ёлка]]

[[fi:Joulukuusi]]
;31 to Jan. 2
[[sv:Julgran]]
:*[[Battle of Stones River|Murfreesboro' or Stone River, Tenn]]. Army of the Cumberland, Maj.-Gen. Rosecrans. Right Wing, McCook's Corps; C enter, Thomas's Corps; Left Wing, Crittenden's Corps. ''Union'' 1,533 killed, 7,245 wounded, 2,800 missing. ''Confed.'' 14,560 killed, wounded and missing. ''Union'' Brig.-Gen. Sill killed and Kirk wounded. ''Confed.'' Brig.-Gens. Raines and Hanson killed and Chalmers and Davis wounded.
[[zh:圣诞树]]


{{TroopengagementsoftheAmericanCivilWarTOC}}
[[Category:Lists of battles]]
[[Category:1862 in the United States]]
[[Category:Timelines of military conflicts|Civil War, 1862]]
[[Category:Battles of the American Civil War]]
[[Category:United States military history timelines|Troop engagements of the Civil War, 1862]]

Revision as of 17:35, 15 November 2006

Years
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
or return to the main page.

Troop engagements in 1862

January

1
Port Royal, South Carolina
  • Military units: 3rd Michigan, 47th, 48th and 79th New York, 50th Pennsylvania.
  • Losses: Union 1 killed, 10 wounded.
4
Huntersville, Virginia
  • Military units: Detachments of 25th Ohio, 2nd West Virginia and 1st Indiana Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 1 wounded; Confederacy 1 killed, 7 wounded.
Bath, Virginia, also including skirmishes at Great Cacapon Bridge, Alpine Station and Hancock
  • Military units: 39th Illinois.
  • Losses: Union 2 killed, 2 wounded; Confederacy 30 wounded.
Calhoun, Missouri
  • Losses: Union 10 wounded; Confederacy 30 wounded.
7
Blue Gap, near Romney, Virginia
  • Military units: 4th, 5th, 7th and 8th Ohio, 14th Indiana, 1st West Virginia Cavalry.
  • Losses: Confederacy 15 killed.
Jennies' Creek, Kentucky, also called Paintsville
  • Military units: Four Companies 1st West Virginia Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 3 killed, 1 wounded; Confederacy 6 killed, 14 wounded.
8
Charleston, Missouri
  • Military units: 10th Iowa.
  • Losses: Union 8 killed, 16 wounded.
Dry Forks, Cheat River, West Virginia
  • Military units: One Company of 2nd West Virginia Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 6 wounded; Confederacy 6 killed.
Silver Creek, Missouri, also called Sugar Creek, and Roan's Tan Yard
  • Military units: Detachments of 1st and 2nd Missouri, 4th Ohio, 1st Iowa Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 5 killed, 6 wounded; Confederacy 80 wounded.
9
Columbus, Missouri
  • Military units: 7th Kansas Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 5 killed.
10
Middle Creek and Prestonburg, Kentucky
  • Military units: 40th and 42nd Ohio, 14th and 22nd Kentucky
  • Losses: Union 2 killed, 25 wounded; Confederacy 40 killed.
19 and 20
Mill Springs, Kentucky, also called Logan's Cross Roads, Fishing Creek, Somerset and Beech Grove
  • Military units: 9th Ohio, 2nd Minnesota, 4th Kentucky, 10th Indiana, 1st Kentucky Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 38 killed, 194 wounded; Confederacy 190 killed, 160 wounded. Confederate General F. K. Zollikoffer killed.
22
Knob Nester, Missouri
  • Military units: 2nd Missouri Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 1 killed.
29
Occoquan Bridge, Virginia

February

1
Bowling Green, Kentucky
  • Military units: One Company of 2nd Indiana Cavalry.
  • Losses: Confederacy 3 killed, 2 wounded.
6
Fort Henry, Tennessee
  • Military units: U.S. Gunboats Essex, Carondelet, Saint Louis, Cincinnati, Conestoga, Tyler, and Lexington.
  • Losses: Union 40 wounded; Confederacy 5 killed, 11 wounded.
8
Linn Creek, Virginia
  • Military units: Detachment of 5th West Virginia.
  • Losses: Union 1 killed, 1 wounded; Confederacy 8 killed, 7 wounded.
Roanoke Island, North Carolina
  • Military units: 21st, 23rd, 24th, 25th and 27th Massachusetts, 10th Connecticut, 9th, 51st and 53rd New York, 9th New Jersey, 51st Pennsylvania, 4th and 5th Rhode Island, U.S. Gunboats Southfield, Delaware, Stars and Stripes, Louisiana, Hetzel, Commodore Perry, Underwriter, Valley City, Commodore Barney, Hunchback, Ceres, Putnam, Morse, Lockwood, J. N. Seymour, Granite, Brinker, Whitehead, Shawseen, Pickett, Pioneer, Hussar, Vidette, Chasseur.
  • Losses: Union 35 killed, 200 wounded; Confederacy 16 killed, 39 wounded, 2,527 taken prisoners.
10
  • Elizabeth City, or Cobb's Point, N. C. — U. S. Gunboats Delaware, Underwriter, Louisiana, Seymour, Hetzel, Shawseen, Valley City, Putnam, Commodore Perry, Ceres, Morse, Whitehead, and Brinker. — Union 3 killed.
13
  • Blooming Gap, Va. — 8th Ohio, 7th W. Va., 1st W. Va. Cav. — Union 2 killed, 5 wounded. — Confed. 13 killed.
14
  • Flat Lick Fords, Ky. — 49th Ind., 6th Ky. Cav. — Confed. 4 killed, 4 wounded.
14, 15 and 16
Fort Donelson, Tennessee
  • Military units: 17th and 25th Kentucky, 11th, 25th, 31st, and 44th Indiana, 2nd, 7th, 12th and 14th Iowa, 1st Nebraska, 58th and 76th Ohio, 8th and 13th Missouri, 8th Wisconsin, 8th, 9th, 11th, 12th, 17th, 18th, 20th, 28th, 29th, 30th, 31st, 41st, 45th, 46th, 48th, 49th, 57th and 58th Illinois, Batteries B and D 1st Illinois Artillery, D and E 2nd Illinois Artillery, four Companies Illinois Cavalry, Birge's Sharpshooters and six gunboats.
  • Losses: Union 446 killed, 1,735 wounded, 150 missing; Confederacy 231 killed, 1,007 wounded, 13,829 prisoners. Union Maj.-Gen. John A. Logan wounded.
17
  • Sugar Creek or Pea Ridge, Mo. — 1st and 6th Mo., 3d Ill. Cav. — Union 5 killed, 9 wounded.
18
  • Independence, Mo. — 2d Ohio Cav. — Union 1 killed, 3 wounded. — Confed. 4 killed, 5 wounded.
21
Fort Craig or Valverde, New Mexico
  • Military units: 1st New Mexico Cavalry, 2nd Colorado Cavalry, Detachments of 1st, 2nd and 5th New Mexico, and of 5th, 7th and 10th U.S. Infantry, Hill's and McRae's Batteries.
  • Losses: Union 62 killed, 140 wounded; Confederacy 150 wounded.
24
  • Mason's Neck, Occoquan, Va. — 37th N. Y. — Union 2 killed, 1 wounded.
26
  • Keytesville, Mo. — 6th Mo. Cav. — Union 2 killed, 1 wounded. — Confed. 1 killed.

March

2
  • Pittsburg Landing, Tenn. — 32d Ill. and U. S. Gunboats Lexington and Tyler. — Union 5 killed, 5 wounded. — Confed. 20 killed, 200 wounded.
3
  • New Madrid, Mo. — 5th Iowa, 59th Ind., 39th and 63d Ohio, 2d Mich. Cav., 7th Ill. Cav. — Union 1 killed, 3 wounded.
5
  • Occoquan, Va. — Detachment of 63d Pa. — Union 2 killed, 2 wounded.
6, 7 and 8
Pea Ridge, Arkansas, including engagements at Bentonville, Leetown and Elkhorn Tavern
  • Military units: 25th, 35th, 36th, 37th, 44th and 59th Illinois, 2nd, 3rd, 12th, 15th, 17th, 24th, and Phelps' Missouri, 8th, 18th and 22nd Indiana, 4th and 9th Iowa, 3rd Iowa Cavalry, 3rd and 15th Illinois Cavalry, 1st, 4th, 5th and 6th Missouri Cavalry, Batteries B and F 2nd Missouri Light Artillery, 2nd Ohio Battery, 1st Indiana Battery, Battery A 2nd Illinois Artillery.
  • Losses: Union 203 killed, 972 wounded, 174 missing; Confederacy 1,100 killed, 2,500 wounded, 1,600 missing and captured. Union Brig.-Gen. Alexander Asboth and Acting Brig.-Gen. Carr wounded. Confederacy Brig.-Gen. Benjamin McCulloch and Acting Brig.-Gen. James McIntosh killed.
7
  • Fox Creek, Mo. — 4th Mo. Cav. — Union 5 wounded.
8
  • Near Nashville, Tenn. — 1st Wis., 4th Ohio Cav. — Union 1 killed, 2 wounded. — Confed. 4 killed.
9
Mountain Grove, Missouri
  • Military units: 10th Missouri Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 10 killed, 2 wounded.
Hampton Roads, Virginia
  • Military units: 20th Indiana, 7th and 11th New York, U.S. Gunboats Monitor, Minnesota, Congress, and Cumberland.
  • Losses: Union 261 killed, 108 wounded; Confederacy 7 killed, 17 wounded.
10
  • Burke's Station, Va. — One Co. 1st N. Y. Cav. — Union 1 killed. — Confed. 3 killed, 5 wounded.
  • Jacksborough, Big Creek Gap, Tenn. — 2d Tenn. — Union 2 wounded. — Confed. 2 killed, 4 wounded.
11
  • Paris, Tenn. — Detachments of 5th Iowa and 1st Neb. Cav., Battery K 1st Mo. Art. — Union 5 killed, 5 wounded. — Confed. 10 wounded.
12
  • Lexington, Mo. — 1st Iowa Cav. — Union 1 killed, 1 wounded. — Confed. 9 killed, 3 wounded.
  • Near Lebanon, Mo. — Confed. 13 killed, 5 wounded.
13
  • New Madrid, Mo. — 10th and 16th Ill., 27th, 39th, 43d and 63d Ohio, 3d Mich. Cav., 1st U. S. Inft., Bissell's Mo. Engineers. — Union 50 wounded. — Confed. 100 wounded.
14
New Berne, North Carolina
  • Military units: 51st New York, 8th, 10th and 11th Connecticut, 21st, 23rd, 24th, 25th and 27th Massachusetts, 9th New Jersey, 51st Pennsylvania, 4th and 5th Rhode Island.
  • Losses: Union 91 killed, 466 wounded; Confederacy 64 killed, 106 wounded, 413 captured.
16
  • Black Jack Forest, Tenn. — Detachments of 4th Ill. and 5th Ohio Cav. — Union 4 wounded.
18
  • Salem or Spring River, Ark. — Detachments of 6th Mo. and 3d Iowa Cav. — Union 5 killed, 10 wounded. — Confed. 100 killed, wounded and missing.
21
  • Mosquito Inlet, Fla. — U. S. Gunboats Penguin and Henry Andrew. — Union 8 killed, 8 wounded.
22
  • Independence or Little Santa Fe, Mo. — 2d Kan. — Union 1 killed, 2 wounded. — Confed. 7 killed.
23
Carthage, Missouri
  • Military units: 6th Kansas Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 1 wounded.
Winchester or Kearnstown, Virginia
  • Military units: 1st West Virginia, 84th and 110th Pennsylvania, 5th, 7th, 8th, 29th, 62nd and 67th Ohio, 7th, 13th and 14th Indiana, 39th Illinois, 1st Ohio Cavalry, 1st Michigan Cavalry, 1st West Virginia Artillery, 1st Ohio Artillery, Company E 4th U.S. Artillery.
  • Losses: Union 103 killed, 440 wounded, 24 missing; Confederacy 80 killed, 342 wounded, 269 prisoners.
26
Warrensburg or Briar, Missouri
  • Military units: Sixty men of 7th Missouri Militia Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 1 killed, 22 wounded; Confederacy 9 killed, 17 wounded.
Humonsville, Missouri
  • Military units: Company B 8th Missouri Militia Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 5 wounded; Confederacy 15 wounded.
26, 27 and 28
Apache Canyon or Glorieta, near Santa Fe, New Mexico
  • Military units: 1st and 2nd Colorado Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 32 killed, 75 wounded, 35 missing; Confederacy 36 killed, 60 wounded, 93 missing.
28
Warrensburg, Missouri
  • Military units: 1st Illinois Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 3 killed, 1 wounded; Confederacy 15 killed.

April

2
Putnam's Ferry, near Doniphan, Missouri
  • Military units: 21st and 38th Illinois, 5th Illinois Cavalry, 16th Ohio Battery and Colonel Carlin's Brigade.
  • Losses: Confederacy 3 killed.
4
Great Bethel, Virginia
  • Military units: Advance of 3rd Corps Army of Potomac.
  • Losses: Union 4 killed, 10 wounded.
Crump's Landing or Adamsville, Tennessee
  • Military units: 48th, 70th and 72nd Ohio, 5th Ohio Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 2 wounded; Confederacy 20 wounded.
6 and 7
Shiloh or Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee
8
Island No. 10, Tennessee
  • Military units: Maj.-Gen. Pope's command and the Navy, under Flag-officer Foote.
  • Losses: Confederacy 17 killed, 3,000 prisoners.
Near Corinth, Mississippi
  • Military units: 3rd Brigade 5th Division Army of West Tennessee and 4th Illinois Cavalry.
  • Losses: Confederacy 15 killed, 25 wounded, 200 captured.
9
  • Owen's River, Cal. — 2d Cal. Cav. — Union 1 killed, 2 wounded
10
  • Ft. Pulaski, Ga. — 6th and 7th Conn., 3d R. I., 46th and 48th N. Y., 8th Maine, 15th U. S. Inft., Crew of U. S. S. Wabash. — Union 1 killed. — Confed. 4 wounded, 360 prisoners.
11
  • Huntsville, Ala. — Army of the Ohio 3d Div. — Confed. 200 prisoners.
  • Yorktown, Va. — 12th N. Y., 57th and 63d Pa. — Union 2 killed, 8 wounded.
12
  • Little Blue River, Mo. — Confed. 5 killed.
  • Monterey, Va. — 75th Ohio, 1st W. Va. Cav. — Union 3 wounded.
14
  • Pollocksville, N. C. — Confed. 7 wounded.
  • Diamond Grove, Mo. — 6th Kan. Cav. — Union 1 wounded.
  • Walkersville, Mo. — 2d Mo. Militia Cav. — Union 2 killed, 3 wounded.
  • Montavallo, Mo. — Two Cos. 1st Iowa Cav. — Union 2 killed, 6 wounded. — Confed. 2 killed, 10 wounded.
15
Picacho Pass, Arizona
  • Military units: 1st California Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 3 killed, 3 wounded.
16
  • Savannah, Tenn. — Confed. 5 killed, 65 wounded.
  • White Marsh or Wilmington Island, Ga. — 8th Mich., Battery of R. I. Light Artil. — Union 10 killed, 35 wounded. — Confed. 5 killed, 7 wounded.
  • Lee's Mills, Va. — 3d, 4th and 6th Vt., 3d N. Y. Battery and Battery of 5th U. S. Artil. — Union 35 killed, 129 wounded. — Confed. 20 killed, 75 wounded, 50 captured.
17
  • Holly River, W. Va. — Union 3 wounded. — Confed. 2 killed.
18
  • Falmouth, Va. — 2d N. Y. Cav. — Union 5 killed, 16 wounded. — Confed. 19 captured.
  • Edisto Island, S. C. — 55th Pa., 3d N. H., U. S. S. Crusader. — Union 3 wounded.
18 to 28
  • Forts Jackson and St. Philip, and the capture of New Orleans, La. — Commodore Farragut's fleet of war vessels and mortar boats, under Commander D. D. Porter. — Union 36 killed, 193 wounded. — Confed. 185 killed, 197 wounded, 400 captured.
19
Talbot's Ferry, Arkansas
  • Military units: 4th Iowa Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 1 killed; Confederacy 3 killed.
Camden, North Carolina, also called South Mills
  • Military units: 9th and 89th New York, 21st Massachusetts, 51st Pennsylvania, 6th New Hampshire.
  • Losses: Union 12 killed, 98 wounded; Confederacy 6 killed, 19 wounded.
23
  • Grass Lick, W. Va. — 3d Md., Potomac Home Brigade. — Union 3 killed.
25
Fort Macon, North Carolina
  • Military units: U.S. Gunboats Daylight, Georgia, Chippewa, the bark Gemsbok, and General John Parke's division.
  • Losses: Union 1 killed, 11 wounded; Confederacy 7 killed, 18 wounded, 450 captured.
26
  • Turnback Creek, Mo. — 5th Kan. Cav. — Union 1 killed.
  • Neosho, Missouri. — 1st Mo. Cav. — Union 3 killed, 3 wounded. — Confed. 30 wounded, 62 prisoners.
  • In front of Yorktown, Va. — Three Cos. 1st Mass. — Union 3 killed, 16 wounded.
27
  • Horton's Mills, N. C. — 103d N. Y. — Union 1 killed, 6 wounded. — Confed. 3 wounded.
28
  • Paint Rock Railroad Bridge. — Twenty-two men of 10th Wis. — Union 7 wounded.
  • Cumberland Mountain, Tenn. — 16th and 42d Ohio, 22d Ky.
  • Monterey, Tenn. — 2d Iowa Cav. — Union 1 killed, 3 wounded. — Confed. 5 killed.
29
  • Bridgeport, Ala. — 3d Div. Army of the Ohio. — Confed. 72 killed and wounded, 350 captured.

May

1
  • Clarke's Hollow, W. Va. — Co. C 23d Ohio. — Union 1 killed, 21 wounded.
3
  • Farmington, Miss. — 10th, 16th, 22d, 27th, 42d and 51st Ill., 10th and 16th Mich., Yates's (Ill.) Sharpshooters, 2d Mich. Cav., Battery C 1st Ill. Artil. — Union 2 killed, 12 wounded. — Confed. 30 killed.
4
  • Licking, Mo. — 24th Mo., 5th Mo., Militia Cav. — Union 1 killed, 2 wounded.
  • Cheese Cake Church, Va. — 3d Pa., 1st and 6th U. S. Cav.
5
Lebanon, Tennessee
  • Military units: 1st, 4th and 5th Kentucky Cavalry, Detachment of the 7th Pennsylvania.
  • Losses: Union 6 killed, 25 wounded; Confederacy 66 prisoners.
Lockridge Mills or Dresden, Kentucky
  • Military units: 5th Iowa Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 4 killed, 16 wounded, 68 missing.
Williamsburg, Virginia
  • Military units: 3rd and 4th Corps Army of the Potomac.
  • Losses: Union 456 killed, 1,400 wounded, 372 missing; Confederacy 1,000 killed, wounded, and captured.
7
West Point or Eltham's Landing, Virginia
  • Military units: 16th, 31st and 32nd New York, 95th and 96th Pennsylvania, 5th Maine, 1st Massachusetts Artillery, Battery D 2nd U.S. Artillery.
  • Losses: Union 49 killed, 104 wounded, 41 missing.
Somerville Heights, Virginia
  • Military units: 13th Indiana.
  • Losses: Union 2 killed, 7 wounded, 24 missing.
8
McDowell or Bull Pasture, Virginia
  • Military units: 25th, 32rd, 75th and 82nd Ohio, 3rd West Virginia, 1st West Virginia Cavalry, 1st Connecticut Cavalry, 1st Indiana Battery.
  • Losses: Union 28 killed, 225 wounded; Confederacy 100 killed, 200 wounded.
Glendale, near Corinth, Mississippi
  • Military units: 7th Illinois Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 1 killed, 4 wounded; Confederacy 30 killed and wounded.
9
  • Elkton Station, near Athens, Ala. — Co. E 37th Ind. — Union 5 killed, 43 captured. — Confed. 13 killed.
  • Slatersville or New Kent C. H., Va. — 98th Pa., 2d R. I., 6th U. S. Cav. — Union 4 killed, 3 wounded. — Confed. 10 killed, 14 wounded.
10
  • Fort Pillow, Tenn. — U. S. Gunboats Cincinnati and Mound City. — Union 3 wounded. — Confed. 2 killed, 1 wounded.
11
  • Bloomfield, Mo. — 1st Wis. Cav. — Confed. 1 killed.
13
  • Monterey, Tenn. — Part of Brig.-Gen. M. L. Smith's Brigade. — Union 2 wounded. — Confed. 2 killed, 3 wounded.
15
Linden, Virginia
  • Military units: One Company of 28th Pennsylvania.
  • Losses: Union 1 killed, 3 wounded, 14 missing.
Fort Darling, James River, Virginia
Chalk Bluffs, Missouri
  • Military units: 1st Wisconsin Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 1 killed, 3 wounded.
Butler, Bates County, Missouri
  • Military units: 1st Iowa Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 3 killed, 1 wounded.
15, 16 and 18
  • Princeton, W. Va. — Gen. J. D. Cox's Division. — Union 30 killed, 70 wounded. — Confed. 2 killed, 14 wounded.
17
  • In front of Corinth, Miss. — Brig.-Gen. M. L. Smith's Brigade. — Union 10 killed, 31 wounded. — Confed. 12 killed.
19
Searcy Landing, Arkansas
  • Military units: Detachments of 3rd and 17th Missouri and 4th Missouri Cavalry, Battery B 1st Missouri Light Artillery.
  • Losses: Union 18 killed, 27 wounded; Confederacy 150 killed, wounded and missing.
Clinton, North Carolina
  • Losses: Union 5 wounded; Confederacy 9 killed.
21
  • Phillip's Creek, Miss. — 2d Div. Army of Tennessee. — Union 3 wounded.
22
  • Florida, Mo. — Detachment 3d Iowa Cav. — Union 2 wounded.
  • Near New Berne, N. C. — Co. I 17th Mass. — Union 3 killed, 8 wounded.
23
Lewisburg, Virginia
  • Military units: 36th and 44th Ohio, 2nd West Virginia Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 14 killed, 60 wounded; Confederacy 40 killed, 66 wounded, 100 captured.
Front Royal, Virginia
  • Military units: 1st Maryland, Detachments of 29th Pennsylvania, Captain Mapes's Pioneers, 5th New York Cavalry, and 1st Pennsylvania Artillery.
  • Losses: Union 32 killed, 122 wounded, 750 missing.
Buckton Station, Virginia
  • Military units: 3rd Wisconsin, 27th Indiana.
  • Losses: Union 2 killed, 6 wounded; Confederacy 12 killed.
Fort Craig, New Mexico
  • Military units: 3rd U.S. Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 3 wounded.
24
  • New Bridge, Va. — 4th Mich. — Union 1 killed, 10 wounded. — Confed. 60 killed and wounded, 27 captured.
  • Chickahominy, Va. — Davidson's Brigade of 4th Corps. — Union 2 killed, 4 wounded.
25
Winchester, Virginia
  • Military units: 2nd Massachusetts, 29th and 46th Pennsylvania, 27th Indiana, 3rd Wisconsin, 28th New York, 5th Connecticut, Battery M 1st New York Artillery, 1st Vermont Cavalry, 1st Michigan Cavalry, 5th New York Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 38 killed, 155 wounded, 711 missing.
27
Hanover Courthouse, Virginia
  • Military units: 12th, 13th, 14th, 17th, 25th and 44th New York, 62nd and 83rd Pennsylvania, 16th Michigan, 9th and 22nd Massachusetts, 5th Massachusetts Artillery, 2nd Maine Artillery, Battery F 5th U.S. Artillery, 1st U.S. Sharpshooters.
  • Losses: Union 53 killed, 344 wounded; Confederacy 200 killed and wounded, 730 prisoners.
Big Indian Creek, near Searcy Landing, Arkansas
  • Military units: 1st Missouri Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 3 wounded; Confederacy 5 killed, 25 wounded.
Osceola, Missouri
  • Military units: 1st Iowa Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 3 killed, 2 wounded.
28
  • Wardensville, Va. — 3d Md., Potomac Home Brigade, 3d Ind. Cav. — Confed. 2 killed, 3 wounded.
29
  • Pocataligo, S. C. — 50th Pa., 79th N. Y., 8th Mich., 1st Mass. Cav. — Union 2 killed, 9 wounded.
30
  • Booneville, Miss. — 2d Iowa Cav., 2d Mich. Cav. — Confed. 2,000 prisoners.
  • Front Royal, Va. — 1st R. I. Cav. — Union 5 killed, 8 wounded. — Confed. 156 captured.
31
  • Neosho, Missouri. — 10th Ill. Cav., 14th Mo. Cav. (Militia). — Union 2 killed, 3 wounded.
  • Near Washington, N. C. — 3d N. Y. Cav. — Union 1 wounded. — Confed. 3 killed, 2 wounded.
31 and June 1
Seven Pines and Fair Oaks, Virginia

June

1 and 2
Strasburg and Staunton Road, Va.
  • Military units: 8th W. Va., 60th Ohio, 1st N. J. Cav., 1st Pa. Cav.
  • Losses: Union 2 wounded.
3
Legare's Point, S. C.
  • Military units: 28th Mass., 100th Pa.
  • Losses: Union 5 wounded.
4
  • Jasper, Sweden's Cove, Tenn. — 79th Pa., 5th Ky. Cav., 7th Pa. Cav. 1st Ohio Battery. — Union 2 killed, 7 wounded. — Confed. 20 killed, 20 wounded.
  • Blackland, Miss. — 2d Iowa Cav., 2d Mich. Cav. — Union 5 killed, 14 wounded.
5
Tranter's Creek, North Carolina
  • Military units: 24th Massachusetts, Company I 3rd New York Cavalry, Marine Artillery.
  • Losses: Union 7 killed, 11 wounded.
6
Memphis, Tennessee
  • Military units: U.S. Gunboats Benton, Louisville, Carondelet, Cairo, and St. Louis; and Rams Monarch and Queen of the West.
  • Losses: Confederacy 80 killed and wounded, 100 captured.
Harrisonburg, Virginia
  • Military units: 1st New Jersey Cavalry, 1st Pennsylvania Rifles, 6th Ohio, 8th West Virginia.
  • Losses: Union 63 missing; Confederacy 17 killed, 50 wounded. Confederate General Ashby killed.
8
Cross Keys or Union Church, Virginia
  • Military units: 8th, 39th, 41st, 45th, 54th and 58th New York, 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 8th West Virginia, 25th, 32nd, 55th, 60th, 73rd, 75th and 82nd Ohio, 1st and 27th Pennsylvania, 1st Ohio Battery.
  • Losses: Union 125 killed, 500 wounded; Confederacy 42 killed, 230 wounded. Confederate Brig.-Gens. Stewart and Elzey wounded.
9
Port Republic, Virginia
  • Military units: 5th, 7th, 29th and 66th Ohio, 84th and 110th Pennsylvania, 7th Indiana, 1st West Virginia, Batteries E 4th U.S. and A and L 1st Ohio Artillery.
  • Losses: Union 67 killed, 361 wounded, 574 missing; Confederacy 88 killed, 535 wounded, 34 missing.
10
  • James Island, S. C. — Union 3 killed, 13 wounded. — Confed. 17 killed, 30 wounded.
11
  • Monterey, Owen Co., Ky. — Capt. Blood's Mounted Provost Guard, 13th Ind. Battery. — Union 2 killed. — Confed. 100 captured.
12
  • Waddell's Farm, near Village Creek, Ark. — Detachment of 9th Ill. Cav. — Union 12 wounded. — Confed. 28 killed and wounded.
13
  • Old Church, Va. — 5th U. S. Cav. — Confed. 1 killed.
  • James Island, S. C. — Union 3 killed, 19 wounded. — Confed. 19 killed, 6 wounded.
14
  • Turnstall Station, Va. — Union 4 killed, 8 wounded. Bushwackers fire into railway train.
16
  • Secessionville or Fort Johnson, James Island, S. C. — 46th, 47th and 79th N. Y., 3d R. I., 3d N. H., 45th, 97th and 100th Pa., 6th and 7th Conn., 8th Mich., 28th Mass., 1st N. Y. Engineers, 1st Conn. Artil., Battery E 3d U. S. and I 3d R. I. Artil., Co. H 1st Mass. Cav. — Union 85 killed, 472 wounded, 138 missing. — Confed. 51 killed, 144 wounded.
17
St. Charles, White River, Ark.
  • Military units: 43d and 46th Ind., U. S. Gunboats Lexington, Mound City, Conestoga, and St. Louis.
  • Losses: Union 105 killed, 30 wounded; Confederacy 155 killed, wounded and captured.
Warrensburg, Mo.
  • Military units: 7th Mo. Cav. (Militia).
  • Losses: Union 2 killed, 2 wounded.
Smithville, Ark.
  • Losses: Union 2 killed, 4 wounded; Confederacy 4 wounded, 15 prisoners.
18
Williamsburg Road, Va.
  • Military units: 16th Mass.
  • Losses: Union 7 killed, 57 wounded; Confederacy 5 killed, 9 wounded.
21
Battle Creek, Tenn.
  • Military units: 2d and 33d Ohio, 10th Wis., 24th Ill., 4th Ohio Cav., 4th Ky. Cav., and Edgarton's Battery.
  • Losses: Union 4 killed, 3 wounded.
22
Raceland, near Algiers, La.
  • Military units: 8th Vt.
  • Losses: Union 3 killed, 8 wounded.
23
Raytown, Mo.
  • Military units: 7th Mo. Cav.
  • Losses: Union 1 killed, 1 wounded.
25
Oak Grove, Virginia, also called Kings School House and The Orchards
  • Military units: Hooker's and Kearney's Divisions of the Third Corps, Palmer's Brigade of the Fourth Corps, and part of Richardson's Division of the Second Corps.
  • Losses: Union 51 killed, 401 wounded, 64 missing; Confederacy 65 killed, 465 wounded, 11 missing.
Germantown, Tenn.
  • Military units: 56th Ohio.
  • Losses: Union 10 killed.
Little Red River, Ark.
  • Military units: 4th Iowa Cav.
  • Losses: Union 2 wounded.
26 to 29
Vicksburg, Miss.
  • Military units: U. S. Fleet, under command of Commodore Farragut.
  • No casualties recorded.
26 to July 1
The Seven Days' Retreat
Including engagements known as Mechanicsville or Ellison's Mills on the 26th, Gaines' Mills or Cold Harbor and Chickahominy on the 27th, Peach Orchard and Savage Station on the 29th, White Oak Swamp, also called Charles City Cross Roads, Glendale, Nelson's Farm, Frazier's Farm, Turkey Bend and New Market Cross Roads on the 30th, and Malvern Hill on July 1st.
  • Military units: Army of the Potomac, Major General George B. McClellan commanding.
  • Union losses:
    1st Corps, Brig.-Gen. McCall's Div., 253 killed, 1,240 wounded, 1,581 missing;
    2nd Corps, Maj.-Gen. E. V. Sumner, 187 killed, 1076 wounded, 848 missing;
    3rd Corps, Maj.-Gen. Heintzleman, 189 killed, 1,051 wounded, 833 missing;
    4th Corps, Maj.-Gen. E. D. Keyes, 69 killed, 507 wounded, 201 missing;
    5th Corps, Maj.-Gen. Fitz-John Porter, 620 killed, 2,460 wounded, 1,198 missing;
    6th Corps, Maj.-Gen. Franklin, 245 killed, 1,313 wounded, 1,179 missing;
    Cavalry, Brig.-Gen. Stoneman, 19 killed, 60 wounded, 97 missing;
    Engineers' Corps, 2 wounded, 21 missing;
    Total: 1,582 killed, 7,709 wounded, 5,958 missing.
    (Maj.-Gen. Sumner and Brig.-Gens. Mead, Brook, and Burns, wounded.)
  • Confederacy losses:
    Maj.-Gen. Hager's Division, 187 killed, 803 wounded, 360 missing;
    Maj.-Gen. Magruder's Division, 258 killed, 1,495 wounded, 30 missing;
    Maj.-Gen. Longstreet's Division, 763 killed, 3,929 wounded, 239 missing;
    Maj.-Gen. Hill's Division, 619 killed, 3,251 wounded;
    Maj.-Gen. Jackson's Division, 966 killed, 4,417 wounded, 63 missing;
    Maj.-Gen. Holmes' Division, 2 killed, 52 wounded;
    Maj.-Gen. Stuart's Cavalry, 15 killed, 30 wounded, 60 missing;
    Artillery, Brig.-Gen. Pendleton, 10 killed, 34 wounded;
    Total: 2,820 killed, 14,011 wounded, 752 missing.
    (Brig.-Gens. Griffith, killed, and Anderson, Featherstone, and Pender wounded.)
27
Williams Bridge, Amite River, La.
  • Military units: 21st Ind.
  • Losses: Union 2 killed, 4 wounded; Confederacy 4 killed.
Village Creek, Ark.
  • Military units: 9th Ill. Cav.
  • Losses: Union 2 killed, 30 wounded.
Waddell's Farm, Ark.
  • Military units: Detachment 3d Iowa Cav.
  • Losses: Union 4 killed, 4 wounded.
29
Willis Church, Va.
  • Military units: Cavalry advance of Casey's Division, 4th Corps.
  • Losses: Confederacy 2 killed, 15 wounded, 46 captured.
30
Luray, Va.
  • Military units: Detachment of Cavalry of Brig.-Gen. Crawford's Command.
  • Losses: Union 1 killed, 3 wounded.

July

1
  • Boonville, Miss. — 2d Iowa Cav., 2d Mich. Cav. — Union 45 killed and wounded. — Confed. 17 killed, 65 wounded.
  • Morning Sun, Tenn. — 57th Ohio. — Union 4 wounded. — Confed. 11 killed, 26 wounded.
3
  • Haxals or Elvington Heights, Va. — 14th Ind., 7th W. Va., 4th and 8th Ohio. — Union 8 killed, 32 wounded. — Confed. 100 killed and wounded.
6
  • Grand Prairie, near Aberdeen, Ark. — 24th Ind. — Union 1 killed, 21 wounded. — Confed. 84 killed and wounded.
7
Bayou Cache, also called Cotton Plant, Round Hill, Hill's Plantation and Bayou de View
  • Military units: 11th Wisconsin, 33rd Illinois, 8th Indiana, 1st Missouri Light Artillery, 1st Indiana Cavalry, 5th and 13th Illinois Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 7 killed, 57 wounded; Confederacy 110 killed, 200 wounded.
8
  • Black River, Mo. — 5th Kan. Cav. — Union 1 killed, 3 wounded.
9
  • Hamilton, N. C. — 9th N. Y. and Gunboats Perry, Ceres, and Shawseen. — Union 1 killed, 20 wounded.
  • Aberdeen, Ark. — 24th, 34th, 43d and 46th Ind. — Casualties not recorded.
  • Tompkinsville, Ky. — 3d Pa. Cav. — Union 4 killed, 6 wounded. — Confed. 10 killed and wounded.


13
Murfreesboro, Tennessee
  • Military units: 9th Michigan, 3rd Minnesota, 4th Kentucky Cavalry, 7th Pennsylvania Cavalry, 1st Kentucky Battery.
  • Losses: Union 33 killed, 62 wounded, 800 missing; Confederacy 50 killed, 100 wounded.

August

6
Montevallo, Missouri
  • Military units: 3rd Wisconsin Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 1 wounded, 3 missing.
Beech Creek, West Virginia
  • Military units: 4th West Virginia.
  • Losses: Union 3 killed, 8 wounded; Confederacy 1 killed, 11 wounded.
Kirksville, Missouri
  • Military units: Missouri State Militia.
  • Losses: Union 28 killed, 60 wounded; Confederacy 128 killed, 200 wounded.
Matapony or Thornburg, Virginia
  • Military units: Detachment of King's Division.
  • Losses: Union 1 killed, 12 wounded, 72 missing.
Tazewell, Tennessee
  • Military units: 16th and 42nd Ohio, 14th and 22nd Kentucky, 4th Wisconsin Battery.
  • Losses: Union 3 killed, 23 wounded, 50 missing; Confederacy 9 killed, 40 wounded.


9
Stockton, Missouri
  • Military units: Colonel McNeil's command of Missouri State Militia.
  • Losses: Confederacy 13 killed, 36 missing.
Cedar Mountain, Virginia, also called Slaughter Mountain, Southwest Mountain, Cedar Run and Mitchell's Station
  • Military units: Second Corps, Maj.-Gen. Banks; Third Corps, Maj.-Gen. McDowell. Army of Virginia, under command of Maj.-Gen. John Pope.
  • Losses: Union 450 killed, 660 wounded, 290 missing; Confederacy 229 killed, 1,047 wounded, 31 missing. Union Brig.-Gens. Augur, Carroll, and Geary wounded. Confederate Brig.-Gen. C. S. Winder killed.


11
Independence, Missouri
  • Military units: 7th Missouri Militia Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 14 killed, 18 wounded, 312 missing.
Helena, Arkansas
  • Military units: 2nd Wisconsin Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 1 killed, 2 wounded.
Wyoming Courthouse, West Virginia
  • Military units: Detachment of 37th Ohio.
  • Losses: Union 2 killed.
Kinderhook, Tennessee
  • Military units: Detachments of 3rd Kentucky and 1st Tennessee Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 3 killed; Confederacy 7 killed.


16
Lone Jack, Missouri
  • Military units: Missouri Militia Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 60 killed, 100 wounded; Confederacy 110 killed and wounded.


23 to 25
Skirmishes on the Rappahannock at Waterloo Bridge, Lee Springs, Freeman's Ford and Sulphur Springs, Virginia
  • Military units: Army of Virginia, under Maj.-Gen. John Pope; Confederacy 27 killed, 94 wounded. Union Brig.-Gen. Bohlen captured.


27
Bull Run Bridge, Virginia
  • Military units: 11th and 12th Ohio, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th New Jersey.
  • Losses: Union Brig.-Gen. G. W. Taylor mortally wounded.
Kettle Run, Virginia
  • Military units: Maj.-Gen. Hooker's Division of Third Corps.
  • Losses: Union 300 killed and wounded; Confederacy 300 killed and wounded.


30
Second Battle of Bull Run or Manassas, Virginia
  • Military units: Same troops as engaged at Groveton and Gainesville on the 28th and 29th, with the addition of Porter's Fifth Corps.
  • Losses: Union 800 killed, 4,000 wounded, 3,000 missing; Confederacy 700 killed, 3,000 wounded.
Bolivar, Tennessee
  • Military units: 20th and 78th Ohio, 2nd and 11th Illinois Cavalry, 9th Indiana Artillery.
  • Losses: Union 5 killed, 18 wounded, 64 missing; Confederacy 100 killed and wounded.
McMinnville, Tennessee
  • Military units: 26th Ohio, 17th and 58th Indiana, 8th Indiana Battery.
  • Losses: Confederacy 1 killed, 20 wounded.
Richmond, Kentucky
  • Military units: 12th, 16th, 55th, 66th, 69th, and 71st Indiana, 95th Ohio, 18th Kentucky, 6th and 7th Kentucky Cavalry, Batteries D and G Michigan Artillery.
  • Losses: Union 200 killed, 700 wounded, 4,000 missing; Confederacy 250 killed, 500 wounded.
31
Medon Station, Tennessee
  • Military units: 45th Illinois, 7th Missouri.
  • Losses: Union 3 killed, 13 wounded, 43 missing.
Yates' Ford, Kentucky
  • Military units: 94th Ohio.
  • Losses: Union 3 killed, 10 wounded.

September

1
Britton's Lane, Tennessee
  • Military units: 20th and 30th Illinois, 4th Illinois Cavalry, Foster's (Ohio) Cavalry, Battery A 2nd Illinois Artillery.
  • Losses: Union 5 killed, 51 wounded, 52 missing; Confederacy 179 killed, 100 wounded.
Chantilly, Virginia
  • Military units: McDowell's Corps, Army of Virginia. Hooker's and Kearney's Divisions of Third Corps, Army of the Potomac, Reno's Corps.
  • Losses: Union 1,300 killed, wounded, and missing; Confederacy 800 killed, wounded, and missing. Union Maj.-Gen. Kearney and Brig.-Gen. Stevens killed.
2
  • Vienna, Va. — 1st Minn. — Union 1 killed, 6 wounded.
3
  • Slaughterville, Ky. — Foster's (Ohio) Cav. — Confed. 3 killed, 2 wounded, 25 captured.
6
  • Washington, N. C. — 24th Mass., 1st N. C., 3d N. Y. Cav. — Union 8 killed, 36 wounded. — Confed. 30 killed, 100 wounded.
7
  • Poolesville, Md. — 3d Ind. and 8th Ill. Cav. — Union 2 killed, 6 wounded. — Confed. 3 killed, 6 wounded.
  • Clarksville or Rickett's Hill, Tenn. — 11th Ill., 13th Wis., 71st Ohio, 5th Iowa Cav., and two batteries. — No casualties recorded.
9
  • Columbia, Tenn. — 42d Ill. — Confed. 18 killed, 45 wounded.
  • Des Allemands, La. — 21st Ind., 4th Wis. — Confed. 12 killed.
10
  • Cold Water, Miss. — 6th Ill. Cav. — Confed. 4 killed, 80 wounded.
  • Fayetteville, W. Va. — 34th and 37th Ohio, 4th W. Va. — Union 131 killed, 80 wounded.
12 to 15
Harper's Ferry, Virginia
  • Military units: 39th, 111th, 115th, 125th and 126th New York Militia, 32nd, 60th, and 87th Ohio, 9th Vermont, 65th Illinois, 1?th Indiana, 1st and 3rd Maryland Home Brigade, 8th New York Cavalry, 12th Illinois Cavalry, 1st Maryland Cavalry, four Batteries of Artillery.
  • Losses: Union 80 killed, 120 wounded, 11,583 missing and captured; Confederacy 500 killed and wounded.
14
Turner's and Crampton's Gap, South Mountain, Maryland
  • Military units: First Corps, Maj.-Gen. Hooker; Sixth Corps, Maj.-Gen. Franklin; Ninth Corps, Maj.-Gen. Reno.
  • Losses: Union 443 killed, 1,806 wounded; Confederacy 500 killed, 2,343 wounded, 1,500 captured. Union Maj.-Gen. Reno killed. Confederate Brig.-Gen. Garland killed.
14 to 16
Munfordville, Kentucky
  • Military units: 18th U.S. Infantry, 28th and 33rd Kentucky, 17th, 50th, 60th, 67th, 68th, 74th, 78th, and 89th Indiana, Conkle's Battery, 13th Indiana Artillery and Louisville Provost Guard.
  • Losses: Union 50 killed, 3,566 captured and missing; Confederacy 714 killed and wounded.
17
Durhamville, Tennessee
  • Military units: Detachment of 52nd Indiana.
  • Losses: Union 1 killed, 10 wounded; Confederacy 8 killed.
Antietam or Sharpsburg, Maryland
  • Military units: First Corps, Maj.-Gen. Hooker; Second Corps, Maj.-Gen. Sumner; Fifth Corps, Maj.-Gen. Fitz-John Porter; Sixth Corps, Maj.-Gen. Franklin; Ninth Corps, Maj.-Gen. Burnside; Twelfth Corps, Maj.-Gen. Williams; Couch's Division, Fourth Corps; Pleasanton's Division of Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 2,010 killed, 9,416 wounded, 1,043 missing; Confederacy 3,500 killed, 16,399 wounded, 6,000 missing. Union Brig.-Gen. Mansfield killed, Maj.-Gens. Hooker and Richardson, and Brig.-Gens. Rodman, Weber, Sedgwick, Hartsuff, Dana, and Meagher wounded. Confederate Brig.-Gens. Branch, Anderson, and Starke killed, Maj.-Gen. Anderson, Brig.-Gens. Toombs, Lawton, Kipley, Rodes, Gregg, Armstead, and Ransom wounded.
19 and 20
Iuka, Mississippi
  • Military units: Stanley's and Hamilton's Divisions, Army of the Mississippi, under Maj.-Gen. Rosecrans.
  • Losses: Union 144 killed, 598 wounded; Confederacy 263 killed, 692 wounded, 561 captured. Confederate Brig.-Gen. Little killed and Whitfield wounded.
20
Blackford's Ford, Sheppardstown, Virginia
  • Military units: Fifth Corps, Griffith's and Barnes' Brigades.
  • Losses: Union 92 killed, 131 wounded, 103 missing; Confederacy 33 killed, 231 wounded.
30
Newtonia, Missouri
  • Military units: 1st Brigade Army of Kansas, 4th Brigade Missouri Militia Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 50 killed, 80 wounded, 115 missing; Confederacy 220 killed, 280 wounded.

October

1
  • Floyd's Ford, Ky. 34th Ill., 77th Penna., 4th Ind. Cav. No casualties recorded.
  • Sheperdstown, Va. 8th Ill., 8th Penna., 3d Ind. Cav., Pennington's Battery. Union 12 wounded. Confed. 60 killed.
3 and 4
Corinth, Mississippi
  • Military units: McKean's, Davies', Hamilton's, and Stanley's Divisions, Army of the Mississippi.
  • Losses: Union 315 killed, 1,812 wounded, 232 missing; Confederacy 1,423 killed, 5,692 wounded, 2,248 missing. Union Brig.-Gens. Hacklemans killed and Oglesby wounded.
5
Metamora, on Big Hatchie River, Tennessee
  • Military units: Hurlburt's and Ord's Divisions.
  • Losses: Union 500 killed and wounded; Confederacy 400 killed and wounded.
7
  • La Vergne, Tenn. Palmer's Brigade. Union 5 killed, 9 wounded. Confed. 80 killed and wounded, 175 missing.
8
Perryville, Kentucky
  • Military units: First Corps, Army of the Ohio, Maj.-Gen. McCook, and Third Corps, Brig.-Gen. Gilbert.
  • Losses: Union 916 killed, 2,943 wounded, 489 missing; Confederacy 2,500 killed, wounded, and missing. Union Brig.-Gens. J. S. Jackson and Terrill killed. Confederate Brig.-Gens. Cleburne, Wood, and Brown wounded.
10
  • Harrodsburg, Ky. Union troops, commanded by Lieut.-Col. Boyle, 9th Ky. Cav. Confed. 1,600 captured.
11
  • La Grange, Ark. Detach. 4th Iowa Cav. Union 4 killed, 13 wounded.
17
  • Lexington, Ky. Detach. 3d and 4th Ohio Cav. Union 4 killed, 24 wounded, 350 missing.
18
  • Haymarket, Va. Detach. 6th Iowa Cav. Union 1 killed, 6 wounded, 23 captured.
22
  • Pocotaligo or Yemassee, S.C. 47th, 55th, and 76th Penna., 48th N.Y., 6th and 7th Conn., 3d and 4th N.H., 3d R.I., 1st N.Y. Engineers, 1st Mass. Cav., Batteries D and M 1st U.S. Artil. and E 3d U.S. Artil. Union 43 killed, 258 wounded. Confed. 14 killed, 102 wounded.
23
  • Waverly, Tenn. 83d Ill. Union 1 killed, 2 wounded. Confed. 40 killed and wounded.
24
  • Grand Prairie, Mo. Two Battalions Mo. Militia Cav. Union 3 wounded. Confed. 8 killed, 20 wounded.
28
  • Clarkson, Mo. Detach. 2d Ill. Artil. Confed. 10 killed, 2 wounded.

November

1
  • Philomont, Va. Pleasanton's Cavalry. Union 1 killed, 14 wounded. Confed. 3 killed, 10 wounded.
2 and 3
  • Bloomfield and Union, Loudon Co., Va. Pleasanton's Cavalry. Union 2 killed, 10 wounded. Confed. 3 killed, 15 wounded.
3
  • Harrisonville, Mo. 5th and 6th Mo. Cav. Union 10 killed, 3 wounded. Confed. 6 killed, 20 wounded.
5
  • Barbee's Cross Roads and Chester Gap, Va. Pleasanton's Cavalry. Union 5 killed, 10 wounded. Confed. 36 killed.
  • Nashville, Tenn. 16th and 51st Ill., 69th Ohio, 14th Mich., 78th Pa., 5th Tenn. Cav., 7th Pa. Cav. Union 26 wounded. Confed. 23 captured.
6
  • Garrettsburg, Ky. 8th Ky. Cav. Confed. 17 killed, 85 wounded.
7
  • Big Beaver Creek, Mo. 10th Ill., two Cos. Mo. Militia Cav. Union 300 captured.
  • Marianna, Ark. 3d and 4th Iowa, 9th Ill. Cav. Union 3 killed, 20 wounded. Confed. 50 killed and wounded.
8
  • Hudsonville, Miss. 7th Kan. Cav., 2d Iowa Cav. Confed. 16 killed, 185 captured.
17
  • Gloucester, Va. 104th Pa. Union 1 killed, 3 wounded.
18
  • Rural Hills, Tenn. 8th Ky. Cav. Confed. 16 killed.
24
  • Beaver Creek, Mo. 21st Iowa, 3d Mo. Cav. Union 6 killed, 10 wounded. Confed. 5 killed, 20 wounded.
26
  • Summerville, Miss. 7th Ill. Cav. Confed. 28 captured.
28
Cane Hill, Boston Mountain, and Boonsboro, Arkansas
  • Military units: 1st Division Army of the Frontier.
  • Losses: Union 4 killed, 36 wounded; Confederacy 75 killed, 300 wounded.
Hartwood Church, Virginia
  • Military units: 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry.
  • Losses: Union 4 killed, 9 wounded, 200 missing.

December

1
  • Charleston and Berryville, Va. 2d Div. 12th Corps. Confed. 5 killed, 18 wounded.
5
  • Coffeeville, Miss. 1st, 2d, and 3d Cav. Brigades, Army of the Tennessee. Union 10 killed, 54 wounded. Confed. 7 killed, 43 wounded.
  • Helena, Ark. 30th Iowa, 29th Wis. Confed. 8 killed.
7
Prairie Grove or Fayetteville, Arkansas
  • Military units: 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Divisions Army of the Frontier.
  • Losses: Union 167 killed, 798 wounded, 183 missing; Confederacy 300 killed, 1,200 wounded and missing.
Hartsville, Tennessee
  • Military units: 106th and 108th Ohio, 104th Illinois, 2nd Indiana Cavalry, 11th Kentucky Cavalry, 13th Indiana Battery.
  • Losses: Union 55 killed, 1,800 captured; Confederacy 21 killed, 114 wounded.
9
Dobbin's Ferry, Tennessee
  • Military units: 35th Indiana, 51st Ohio, 8th and 21st Kentucky, 7th Indiana Battery.
  • Losses: Union 5 killed, 48 wounded.
12
Little Bear Creek, Alabama
  • Military units: 52nd Illinois.
  • Losses: Union 1 killed, 2 wounded; Confederacy 11 killed, 30 wounded.
12 to 18
Foster's expedition to Goldsboro, North Carolina
  • Military units: 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Brigades of First Division and Wessell's Brigade of Peck's Division, Department of North Carolina.
  • Losses: Union 90 killed, 478 wounded; Confederacy 71 killed, 268 wounded, 400 missing.
13
Fredericksburg, Virginia
  • Military units: Army of the Potomac, Maj.-Gen. Burnside; Second Corps, Maj.-Gen. Couch; Ninth Corps, Maj.-Gen. Wilcox. Right Grand Division, Maj.-Gen. Sumner; First Corps, Maj.-Gen. Reynolds; Sixth Corps, Maj.-Gen. W. F. Smith. Left Grand Division, Maj.-Gen. Franklin; Fifth Corps, Maj.-Gen. Butterfield; Third Corps, Maj.-Gen. Stoneman. Center Grand Division, Maj.-Gen. Hooker.
  • Losses: Union 1,180 killed, 9,028 wounded, 2,145 missing; Confederacy 579 killed, 3,870 wounded, 127 missing. Union Brig.-Gens. Jackson and Bayard killed and Gibbons and Vinton wounded. Confederate Brig.-Gen. T. R. R. Cobb killed and Maxey Gregg wounded.
14
Kinston, North Carolina
  • Military units: 1st, 2nd and 3rd Brigades 1st Division and Wessell's Brigade of Peck's Division, Department of North Carolina.
  • Losses: Union 40 killed, 120 wounded; Confederacy 50 killed, 75 wounded, 400 missing.
18
  • Lexington, Tenn. 11th Ill. Cav., 5th Ohio Cav., 2d Tenn. Cav. Union 7 killed, 10 wounded, 124 missing. Confed. 7 killed, 28 wounded.
20
  • Holly Springs, Miss. 2d Ill. Cav. Union 1,000 captured.
  • Trenton, Tenn. Detachments 122d Ill., 7th Tenn. Cav., and convalescents. Union 1 killed, 250 prisoners. Confed. 17 killed, 50 wounded.
21
  • Davis's Mills, Miss. Six Cos. 25th Ind., two Cos. 5th Ohio Cav. Union 3 wounded. Confed. 22 killed, 50 wounded, 20 missing.
24
  • Middleburg, Miss. 115 men of 12th Mich. Union 9 wounded. Confed. 9 killed, 11 wounded.
  • Glasgow, Ky. Five Cos. 2d Mich. Cav. Union 1 killed, 1 wounded. Confed. 3 killed, 3 wounded.
25
  • Green's Chapel, Ky. Detachment of 4th and 5th Ind. Cav. Union 1 killed. Confed. 9 killed, 22 wounded.
26
  • Bacon Creek, Ky. Detachment 2d Mich Cav. Union 23 wounded.
27
  • Elizabethtown, Ky. 91st Ill. 500 men captured by Morgan.
  • Dumfries, Va. 5th, 7th and 66th Ohio, 12th Ill. Cav., 1st Md. Cav., 6th Maine Battery. Union 3 killed, 8 wounded. Confed. 25 killed, 40 wounded.
28
  • Elk Fork, Tenn. 6th and 10th Ky. Cav. Confed. 30 killed, 176 wounded, 51 missing.
28 and 29
  • Chickasaw Bayou, Vicksburg, Miss. Army of Tennessee. Maj.-Gen. W. T. Sherman—Brig.-Gens. G. W. Morgan's, Frederick Steele's, M. L. Smith's, and A. J. Smith's divisions of the right wing. Union 191 killed, 982 wounded, 756 missing. Confed. 207 wounded. Union Maj.-Gen. M. L. Smith wounded.
30
  • Wautauga Bridge and Carter's Station, Tenn. 7th Ohio Cav., 9th Pa. Cav. Union 1 killed, 2 wounded. Confed. 7 killed, 15 wounded, 273 missing.
  • Jefferson, Tenn. Second Brigade 1st Division Thomas's corps. Union 20 killed, 40 wounded. Confed. 15 killed, 50 wounded.
  • Parker's Cross Roads or Red Mound, Tenn. 18th, 106th, 119th and 122d Ill., 27th, 39th and 63d Ohio, 50th Ind., 39th Iowa, 7th Tenn., 7th Wis. Battery. Union 23 killed, 139 wounded, 58 missing. Confed. 50 killed, 150 wounded, 300 missing.
31 to Jan. 2
  • Murfreesboro' or Stone River, Tenn. Army of the Cumberland, Maj.-Gen. Rosecrans. Right Wing, McCook's Corps; C enter, Thomas's Corps; Left Wing, Crittenden's Corps. Union 1,533 killed, 7,245 wounded, 2,800 missing. Confed. 14,560 killed, wounded and missing. Union Brig.-Gen. Sill killed and Kirk wounded. Confed. Brig.-Gens. Raines and Hanson killed and Chalmers and Davis wounded.


Years
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
or return to the main page.