The Dalek Invasion of Earth: Difference between revisions
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| type = serial |
| type = serial |
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| image = [[File:Dalek Invasion of Earth.jpg|250px]] |
| image = [[File:Dalek Invasion of Earth.jpg|250px]] |
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| caption = A Dalek |
| caption = A [[Dalek]] rises from the [[Thames]] in a scene considered one of the show's best cliffhangers. |
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| doctor = [[William Hartnell]] ([[First Doctor]]) |
| doctor = [[William Hartnell]] ([[First Doctor]]) |
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| companions = |
| companions = |
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* [[William Russell (English actor)|William Russell]] ([[Ian Chesterton]]) |
* [[William Russell (English actor)|William Russell]] ([[Ian Chesterton]]) |
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| guests = |
| guests = |
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* [[Bernard Kay]] |
* [[Bernard Kay]] – Carl Tyler |
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* [[Peter Fraser (actor)|Peter Fraser]] – David Campbell |
* [[Peter Fraser (actor)|Peter Fraser]] – David Campbell |
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* Alan Judd – Dortmun |
* Alan Judd – Dortmun |
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| writer = [[Terry Nation]] |
| writer = [[Terry Nation]] |
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| script_editor = [[David Whitaker (screenwriter)|David Whitaker]] |
| script_editor = [[David Whitaker (screenwriter)|David Whitaker]] |
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| producer = [[Verity Lambert]] |
| producer = [[Verity Lambert]] |
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| executive_producer = None |
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| composer = [[Francis Chagrin]] |
| composer = [[Francis Chagrin]] |
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| production_code = K |
| production_code = K |
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| following = ''[[The Rescue (Doctor Who)|The Rescue]]'' |
| following = ''[[The Rescue (Doctor Who)|The Rescue]]'' |
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}} |
}} |
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'''''The Dalek Invasion of Earth''''' is the second serial of the second season in the British [[science fiction television]] series ''[[Doctor Who]]'', which originally aired in six weekly parts from 21 November to 26 December 1964. It was the second appearance of the [[Dalek]]s and thus the first time an enemy re-appeared. |
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The |
'''''The Dalek Invasion of Earth''''' is the second [[Serial (radio and television)|serial]] of the [[Doctor Who (season 2)|second season]] in the British [[science fiction television]] series ''[[Doctor Who]]''. Written by [[Terry Nation]] and directed by [[Richard Martin (British director)|Richard Martin]], the serial was broadcast on [[BBC1]] in six weekly parts from 21 November to 26 December 1964. In the serial, the [[First Doctor]] ([[William Hartnell]]), his granddaughter [[Susan Foreman]] ([[Carole Ann Ford]]), and teachers [[Ian Chesterton]] ([[William Russell (English actor)|William Russell]]) and [[Barbara Wright (Doctor Who)|Barbara Wright]] ([[Jacqueline Hill]]) discover that the Earth in the 22nd century has been occupied by [[Dalek]]s. They work with a human resistance group to stop the Daleks from mining out the Earth's core as part of their plan to pilot the planet through space. |
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The serial was commissioned following the success of the Daleks from the [[The Daleks|titular serial]] of the [[Doctor Who (season 1)|first season]]. The serial also marks the final regular appearance of Ford as Susan, having been dissatisfied with the character's development. The writers had considered introducing Susan's replacement within ''The Dalek Invasion of Earth'', but delays in contract renewals forced it to the following serial. The serial was the first major location shoot for ''Doctor Who'', with production taking place at [[Trafalgar Square]], [[Westminster Bridge]], and the [[Royal Albert Hall]]. The serial premiered with 11.4 million viewers, maintaining strong viewers across the six weeks. Contemporary reactions were positive, with many praising the return of the Daleks. Retrospective reviews were also positive, with particular praise directed at the first episode's cliffhanger and Susan's emotional departure, though the direction and pacing has been criticised. The serial later received several print adaptations and home media releases. |
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This serial marks the final regular appearance of Carole Ann Ford as [[companion (Doctor Who)|companion]] Susan.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wood |first1=Tat |last2=Miles |first2=Lawrence |title=About Time 1: The Unauthorized Guide to Doctor Who |date=2006 |publisher=Mad Norwegian Press |isbn=0-9759446-0-6 |page=104–106}}</ref> |
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==Plot== |
== Plot == |
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After the [[TARDIS]] materialises, the [[First Doctor]], [[Susan Foreman]], [[Ian Chesterton]], and [[Barbara Wright (Doctor Who)|Barbara Wright]] surmise that they have landed in London, but find it in ruins. The Doctor and Ian stumble across an army of [[Robomen]] as a [[Dalek]] rises from the [[River Thames]]. The Daleks take the Doctor and Ian onboard their saucer. Resistance members explain that the Daleks invaded Earth in the aftermath of a meteorite bombardment ten years prior. |
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{{plot|date=June 2018}} |
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After the [[TARDIS]] materialises, [[Doctor (Doctor Who)|the Doctor]] surmises from the surroundings that they have landed in London, only to find it in ruins. It turns out the year is some time after 2164.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J. |authorlink1=David J. Howe |last2=Walker |first2=Stephen James |authorlink2=Stephen James Walker |title=Doctor Who: The Television Companion |year=1998 |publisher=[[BBC Worldwide]] |location=London |isbn=0-563-40588-0 |page=38 |chapter=The Dalek Invasion of Earth |chapterurl=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/dalekinvasion/detail.shtml#plot |ref=harv }}</ref> While climbing a rock face, Susan falls and twists her ankle. Then, due to the decay of the surrounding buildings and grounds, a bridge collapse causes girders to fall across the TARDIS, rendering it inaccessible. Barbara stays with Susan while the Doctor and Ian explore, and the women are taken by a couple of refugees to a nearby shelter in an abandoned [[London Underground|Underground]] station. There they meet resistance members Dortmun (the leader), Carl Tyler, David Campbell, Jenny, Thomson, Baker, and Larry Madison. Dortmun, a paraplegic scientist, has been working on a special type of bomb to destroy the Daleks' outer casings, and he and the others are preparing for an assault on the local Dalek headquarters. |
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Barbara and Susan are taken by refugees to a nearby shelter in an abandoned [[London Underground|Underground]] station, where they meet resistance members who are planning an assault on the Daleks. The resistance leader, paraplegic scientist Dortmun, has created a bomb to destroy the Daleks' outer casings. Susan, Barbara, and the resistance team attack the Daleks using the bombs, but they are ineffective. David rescues the Doctor with Susan while Barbara gets separated. Ian hides as the saucer leaves for the Dalek mining operations. There, he escapes the [[Slyther]], a pet of the [[Dalek variants#Mark 2 Daleks|Black Dalek]]. He eventually hides in the mine and becomes trapped in a capsule filled with explosives. The Doctor, Susan, and David arrive at the cliffs overlooking the mine; the Doctor sends David and Susan to interfere with the Daleks' radio signals, while he climbs into the mine. |
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The Doctor and Ian stumble across a body wearing a strange metal helmet and soon find an army of them as a [[Dalek]] rises from the [[River Thames]]. The Daleks take the Doctor and Ian, along with captured resistance members, including Jack Craddock, on board their saucer, where they convert attempted escapees into [[List of Doctor Who henchmen#Robomen|Robomen]]. Ian does not understand why the Daleks still exist since he saw them defeated on Skaro (in ''[[The Daleks]]''), but the Doctor reminds him that was far in the future. David and Craddock explain that the Daleks invaded Earth in the aftermath of a meteorite bombardment and a "new kind of plague" ten years prior, where humanity became divided and Asia, Africa and South America were wiped out. Sensing that the Doctor is highly intelligent, the Daleks leave a device in the cell with the prisoners which the Doctor solves, enabling them to escape. However, the Daleks are laying in wait and recapture them, sending the Doctor to be converted into a Roboman. The Doctor's transfer operation breaks down while Susan, Barbara and the resistance team attack the Daleks using explosives created by Dortmun. The bombs are ineffective against the Daleks, and several resistance members are injured or killed. David and Susan rescue the Doctor while Barbara gets separated from them and returns to the Underground with Jenny to report back to Dortmun. Ian is unable to escape; he and Larry hide beneath a floor grating as the saucer leaves for the Dalek mining operations in Bedfordshire. |
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Dortmun sacrifices himself so that Barbara and Jenny can escape. They repair an old truck and head for the mining operations, but are reported to the Daleks when seeking shelter and sent to work. They are later brought before the Black Dalek and discover that the Daleks are drilling through the [[Earth]]'s crust to blow out its core. The Daleks imprison Barbara and Jenny and set the explosive-filled capsule in position, but Ian disarms it. The Doctor frees Barbara and Jenny. With the radio signals damaged, Barbara and the Doctor order the Robomen to destroy the Daleks, and the human slaves rebel. The bomb destroys the Dalek fleet and causes a [[volcanic eruption]] in England. |
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Before leaving London, the Daleks give orders to the Robomen to set firebombs to destroy the city. Hiding from the Robomen, David, Susan and the Doctor see them set up a bomb and leave. The Doctor, still too weak from being drugged, collapses, and David disarms the bomb. He and Susan try to find an escape route through the sewers while the Doctor rests, and they are found by Tyler. After collecting the Doctor, who is starting to feel better, they escape the city and head for the mining operation. David and Susan start falling in love, but keep it a secret from the others. Meanwhile, Dortmun, Jenny and Barbara make their way to an abandoned museum also used by the resistance as a hideout. Dortmun, after leaving his notebook for Barbara to find, confronts the Daleks, sacrificing himself so that the women have a chance to escape. They get an old truck working and crash their way through the Daleks, heading for the mining operations as Barbara is convinced that that is where the Doctor would go. They make it most of the way there before the truck is destroyed by a Dalek saucer. |
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{{quote box |width=50em |border=1px |align=left |fontsize=85% |salign=right |
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At the mine, Ian and Larry escape the saucer and meet workers named Wells and Ashton; the latter is killed by an aggressive creature called a [[List of Doctor Who universe creatures and aliens#Slyther|Slyther]], a pet of the [[Dalek variants#Mark II Daleks|Black Dalek]]. The predator then falls from a suspended mine cart that Ian and Larry use to try to get away from it, and down a mineshaft to its death. The Daleks send the mine cart down the shaft before Ian and Larry can climb out. The Doctor and his party arrive at the cliffs overlooking the mine, and he sends David and Susan on a mission to the far side of the cliffs to interfere with the radio signals the Daleks use to communicate with each other and the Robomen. The Doctor and Tyler begin climbing down into the mine. Barbara and Jenny find a hovel and, seeking shelter, meet two ragged women who are allowed to live on their own because they make clothing for the human slaves at the mine. These women pretend to befriend Barbara and Jenny before reporting them to the Daleks in return for food. The Daleks collect Barbara and Jenny and send them to work in the mine. |
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|quote="One day, I shall come back. Yes, I shall come back. Until then, there must be no regrets, no tears, no anxieties. Just go forward in all your beliefs, and prove to me that I am not mistaken in mine." |
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|source =—The First Doctor bids farewell to Susan }} |
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Back in London, David begs Susan to stay and marry him. Susan agonises, declaring her love but admitting that she must leave. The Doctor locks the TARDIS doors and bids Susan an emotional farewell, telling her that she deserves a normal life with David. He promises to return one day, and sets the TARDIS in motion. Susan drops her TARDIS key and leaves with David. |
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After Larry is killed by his brother, who has been turned into a Roboman, Ian hides in the mine, eventually finding Wells again, and also seeing Barbara from a distance. Before he can get to her, however, he ends up hiding and being trapped in a capsule filled with explosives. Barbara uses Dortmun's notebook to bluff the Daleks into believing she has information about an imminent uprising and demands to speak with the Black Dalek. When she and Jenny are brought before it, they discover that the Daleks are drilling through the [[Earth]]'s crust so that they can blow out its core with a penetrative explosive capsule and then use a guidance system to pilot the planet around space. As the Daleks set the capsule in position and start the countdown, Ian scrambles the wiring inside the capsule, disarming it. When the shaft opens beneath the capsule, he escapes, but a Dalek cuts the rope he uses and he tumbles halfway down the shaft, stopping at a small access node. Leaving by the node, he jams a cord of wood across the shaft opening, preventing a re-armed explosive capsule from moving further down the shaft. While Barbara creates a diversion spinning a wild story about an uprising involving "the Boston Tea Party", "General Lee's forces" and "Hannibal attacking from the Alps", Jenny tries to access the machine which controls the Robomen to send them new orders. The Daleks catch on and, after rearming the capsule and launching it, trap the two in the control room to be killed in the explosion. The Doctor and Tyler, hiding outside the control room, enter when the Daleks leave and free Barbara and Jenny. Using the Daleks' scanners, they find David and Susan, who destroy the radio beacon, leaving the Robomen adrift and causing a temporary overload within the Daleks, who short circuit. Barbara and the Doctor give new orders to the Robomen to destroy the Daleks, and with the help of the Robomen, Wells and Tyler lead the human slaves in rebellion, destroying the inert Daleks and escaping the mine. Ian reunites with his friends and, before the capsule explodes, they all escape back up the cliffs to rejoin Susan and David. The bomb destroys the Dalek fleet and causes an entirely new phenomenon – a [[volcano|volcanic eruption]] in England. |
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Back in London, Wells and Tyler help shift the girders away from the TARDIS. Susan has worn a hole in her shoe and the Doctor talks of mending it for her, but seems preoccupied and sad. Susan is also awkward, and after the Doctor goes back into the ship, she and David walk a short distance away. Declaring his love for her, David begs Susan to stay and marry him, saying he will give her a place to belong and a rooted identity, which earlier she told him she wanted to have someday. Susan agonises and protests that David is making her choose between him and her grandfather. Tearfully she says she must leave, but admits that she loves him. Suddenly, the TARDIS doors slam shut, and the Doctor, with Ian and Barbara at his side, bids Susan an emotional farewell, telling her that although they have always taken care of each other up until now, she is a grown woman and deserves a normal life with David. He promises to return one day, and sets the TARDIS in motion. The blue box disappears, and Susan, stunned, steps where it had been. David says that the Doctor must have known she would not leave him, and so chose to leave her. Taking David's hand, Susan walks away with him, intentionally leaving her TARDIS key behind. |
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=== Conception and writing === |
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In March 1964, story editor [[David Whitaker (screenwriter)|David Whitaker]] formally commissioned [[Terry Nation]] to write a serial for ''[[Doctor Who]]''{{'}}s [[Doctor Who (season 2)|second season]] following the success of the Daleks from the [[The Daleks|titular serial]] of the [[Doctor Who (season 1)|first season]], as well as Nation's quick and effective work on ''[[The Keys of Marinus]]''.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=16}} The commission was made under the title ''Doctor Who and the Daleks''. Nation delivered the storyline for the serial in mid-April 1964 under the name ''The Return of the Daleks''.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=17}} The serial was retitled ''The Dalek Invasion of Earth'' by September; ''The Daleks in Europe'' appeared on some design material.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=28}} |
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The Dalek models were refurbished for the serial, adding new eyestalks, a dish receptor, improved bases for movement, and a new pedal mechanism.{{efn|Dalek designer [[Raymond Cusick]] had proposed the addition of a pedal mechanism for the original design the previous year.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=24}}}}{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=24}} The serial's score was composed by [[Francis Chagrin]]. Around 18 minutes of incidental music for the first three episodes was recorded on 10 September 1964 at [[Maida Vale Studios]],{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=29}} and 12 minutes for the final three episodes was recorded by five musicians on 8 October.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=32}} |
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This was the very first serial of Doctor Who that made extensive use of location filming, with London being chosen as the primary backdrop. The decision to use London also helped to keep the show within its production budget given that the BBC's Lime Grove studios where Doctor Who was produced were located at nearby [[Shepherd's Bush]]. Location filming took place in various parts of the city including extensive sequences at [[Whitehall]], [[Trafalgar Square]], [[Westminster Bridge]], [[Albert Embankment]] and The [[Royal Albert Hall]], moving on to [[Kensington]] and the Albert Memorial with scenes involving the Dalek roadblock being filmed at [[Wembley]]. These scenes were shot in the early hours of Sunday mornings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://drwhointerviews.wordpress.com/category/jacqueline-hill/|title=Jacqueline Hill|website=Doctor Who Interview Archive}}</ref> Other location scenes were filmed at the abandoned [[Wood Lane (Central line) tube station]] in West London and river sequences both shot besides the [[River Thames]] at [[St Katharine Docks]] in Wapping and at [[Kew Railway Bridge]]. The mine scenes were the first ''Doctor Who'' scenes to be filmed in a quarry, using the disused John's Hole Quarry at [[Stone, Kent]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Kent Film Office|url=http://kentfilmoffice.co.uk/1964/11/doctor-who-the-dalek-invasion-of-earth-1964/|title=Kent Film Office The Dalek Invasion of Earth Article}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Dalek Invasion of Earth|url=http://www.doctorwholocations.net/stories/dalekinvasionofearth|publisher=Chuck Foster / News in Time and Space Ltd|accessdate=22 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite video|people=[[Gary Russell]]|year =2003|title=Doctor Who – The Dalek Invasion of Earth|medium=DVD|publisher=BBC|time=6:38 in "Now and Then" feature on Disc 2|asin=B00009PBAN|asin-tld=co.uk|quote=This was the first ever quarry to be used in the making of Doctor Who.}}</ref> |
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=== Casting and characters === |
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The music was composed and conducted by [[Francis Chagrin]].<ref name="DrWho">{{cite web|url=http://www.drwhoguide.com/who_k.htm|title=The Dalek Invasion of Earth|work=Dr Who guide|accessdate=2 January 2011}}</ref> |
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On 12 March 1964, trade paper ''Television Today'' announced that [[Carole Ann Ford]] would depart from her role as Susan at the end of her contract, due to her dissatisfaction with the character's development.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=17}} Whitaker wanted a strong reason for Susan's departure. To assist the story's development, Ford and [[William Hartnell]] were invited to stay with Nation and his wife over a weekend in August.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=19}} In June 1964, head of serials [[Donald Wilson (writer and producer)|Donald Wilson]] considered continuing the show without the character of Barbara, and with a younger actress for Susan.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=18}} Delays by Controller of Programmes [[Donald Baverstock]] to renew cast contracts meant that Susan's replacement, then intended to be Jenny (originally known as Saida), could not be introduced in the serial.{{sfn|Wright|2017|pp=23–24}} Martin asked [[Ann Davies (actress)|Ann Davies]], who was cast as Jenny, if she would be available as a regular cast member, but he could not offer the role.{{sfn|Finklestone|2003|loc=06:21}} |
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===Alternative titles=== |
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Working titles for this story included ''The Daleks'', ''The Return of the Daleks'' and ''The Invaders''. The story has at times been called '''''World's End''''', most notably in the frontispiece of its novelisation. This is the title of the first episode<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00v1qf2|title=BBC One - Doctor Who, Season 2, The Dalek Invasion of Earth, World's End|website=BBC}}</ref> and was applied to the story as a whole by the 1973 ''[[Radio Times]]'' 10th anniversary special and several lists that copied it. The story begins in the real [[World's End, Kensington and Chelsea|World's End area]] of [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea in London]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/dalekinvasion/detail.shtml|title=BBC - Doctor Who Classic Episode Guide - The Dalek Invasion of Earth - Details|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> |
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''The Dalek Invasion of Earth'' was the first speaking role of [[Nicholas Smith (actor)|Nicholas Smith]], who portrayed Wells. When Smith discovered he was only starring in one episode, he approached Martin; Martin asked him to return in a later episode to lead the human rebellion.<ref name="Future Memories"/><!-- 03:43 --> Jean Conroy, who played one of the women in the woods in the fifth episode, died in a street accident on 14 November; the episode was broadcast posthumously.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=33}} |
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===Cast notes=== |
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William Hartnell is absent from episode four, bar a single shot in the reprise from episode three.<ref name="auto"/> The Doctor appears briefly at the beginning of the episode with Hartnell's stand-in, [[Edmund Warwick]], shot from behind, groaning and falling over. Hartnell was injured while filming the battle at the Dalek saucer in episode three, and most of his lines went to David Campbell. According to commentary on the DVD release, the man carrying Hartnell down the saucer's ramp dropped him and he hit his head on a metal camera pedestal. Warwick went on to appear as the First Doctor's robotic double in the later Dalek serial, ''[[The Chase (Doctor Who)|The Chase]]'' (1965).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/dvd-bluray/8434/doctor-who-the-space-museumthe-chase-dvd-review|title=Doctor Who: The Space Museum/The Chase DVD review|website=Den of Geek|date=24 February 2010}}</ref> |
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[[Nicholas_Smith_(actor)|Nicholas Smith]] appears in his first speaking role in television.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/12039125/Nicholas-Smith-actor-obituary.html|title=Nicholas Smith, actor - obituary|date=8 December 2015|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref> He was originally only to have appeared in episode three, but according to Smith on a documentary accompanying the serial's DVD release, he talked the director into letting him lead the miners' revolution in episodes five and six. Bernard Kay portrays Carl Tyler (and also provides the voiceover on the longer of the two surviving BBC trailers for this story). He would later appear in ''[[The Crusade (Doctor Who)|The Crusade]]'' (1965), ''[[The Faceless Ones]]'' (1967), and ''[[Colony in Space]]'' (1971)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/doctorwho/entries/fc4df028-81ed-3bbe-88b9-89e45f45ef1f|title=Remembering Bernard Kay|date=5 January 2015|website=BBC}}</ref> as well as the audio play ''[[Night Thoughts (audio drama)|Night Thoughts]]''. |
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''The Dalek Invasion of Earth'' was the first major location shoot for ''Doctor Who''. [[35mm]] filming began at [[Trafalgar Square]] at around 5:30 a.m. on 23 August 1964, consisting of shots of a deserted city.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=25}} The design team added Dalek markings on landmarks such as [[Nelson's Column]], which police requested they remove.{{sfn|Wright|2017|pp=25–26}} On the same day, filming took place at [[Equestrian statue of the Duke of Cambridge, Whitehall|the statue of the Duke of Cambridge]] in [[Whitehall]], [[Westminster Bridge]], and the [[Royal Albert Hall]]. Martin had an agreement with police to vacate parts of central London for filming. Production resumed two days later on 25 August at the closed [[Wood Lane tube station (Metropolitan line)|Wood Lane tube station]].{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=26}} On 27 August, filming took place at [[Hammersmith Bridge]]. The location was chosen as it provided easy access to a hospital in case any performers swallowed river water; a taxi remained on standby. Dalek operator [[Robert Jewell]] could not gain enough traction to move his Dalek out of the river; the prop was attached to a cable to help. ''Doctor Who''{{'}}s first filming in a [[quarry]] took place on 28 August at [[Stone, Kent]].{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=27}} [[Peter Hawkins]] and [[David Graham (actor)|David Graham]] recorded Dalek voiceovers on 16 September.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=29}} |
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Rehearsals for the first episode began on 14 September in [[White City, London|White City]], and weekly studio recording began on 18 September in Studio 1 at [[Riverside Studios]]. Though smaller overall than [[Lime Grove Studios]], the complex used for previous serials, Riverside offered well-equipped and larger individual studios.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=29}} During camera rehearsals for the third episode on 2 October, Hartnell injured his back when a prop ramp malfunctioned, requiring several days of rest.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=31}} Following discussions between Hartnell's solicitors and the BBC's, the BBC denied liability and paid for an X-ray. Hartnell was given a week off to recover, and the fourth episode underwent minor rewrites; [[Edmund Warwick]] portrayed Hartnell's double in the episode.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=32}} The final episode was recorded on 23 October, marking a year of production since the filming of the show's [[An Unearthly Child|first serial]];{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=34}} recording was delayed by half an hour due to some technical facilities being used by coverage of the [[1964 Summer Olympics]].{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=32}} The production crew anticipated the final episode to be one of the most technically complex. The recording suffered some camera and sound issues, causing Hartnell to stumble some speeches. Hartnell omitted two lines from the Doctor's closing speech to Susan.{{efn|The two lines omitted by Hartnell include one earlier in the speech: "Work hard both of you. Be gentle with her David and show her that life on Earth with love and understanding can be a great adventure." The second line was meant to end the speech: "And remember love is the most precious jewel of all."{{sfn|Wright|2017|pp=34–35}}}} Ford recorded footage of the cast between camera rehearsals on her personal [[8 mm film]] camera.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=34}} |
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According to [[Carole Ann Ford]], she became tired of the role of Susan and decided to leave the programme because the producers would not let her expand and develop the character. |
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== Reception == |
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==Broadcast and |
=== Broadcast and ratings === |
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|aux4R =<ref name="ArchiveStatus">{{cite web|url = http://gallifreyone.com/episode.php?id=k|title = The Dalek Invasion of Earth|publisher = Outpost Gallifrey|author = Shaun Lyon|date = 31 March 2007|accessdate = 30 August 2008|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080530162209/http://www.gallifreyone.com/episode.php?id=k|archivedate = 30 May 2008|display-authors = etal|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref> |
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|viewersR =<ref name="AllRatings">{{cite web|title=Ratings Guide |url=http://guide.doctorwhonews.net/info.php?detail=ratings&type=date |website=Doctor Who News |accessdate=28 May 2017}}</ref> |
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|Aux1 = 23:42 |
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''The Dalek Invasion of Earth'' was successful among viewers, with an additional four million viewers over the previous serial:{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=38}} the first episode received 11.4 million viewers, which rose to 12.4 the following week. The third and fourth episodes received 11.9 million, which dropped to 11.4 to the fifth episode, and rose again to 12.4 for the final.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=44}} The first episode was the highest-rated BBC programme for northern England, and the third episode was the highest-rated for Wales and western England.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=38}} The fifth episode was ranked 18th in the national ratings for the week, tied with [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]'s ''[[Thank Your Lucky Stars (TV series)|Thank Your Lucky Stars]]''.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=42}} The [[Appreciation Index]] was highest for the first episode at 63, dropping to 59 for the second, third, and fourth episodes, and to 58 for the fifth, before rising to 60 for the final.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=44}} The serial was shown at the Longleat 20th Anniversary Celebration on 3 April 1983, and the first episode was screen at the [[National Film Theatre]] on 29 October 1983. All six episodes were screened at the theatre on 5 January 1999.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=44}} |
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=== Critical response === |
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[[Paul Cornell]], [[Martin Day]], and [[Keith Topping]] wrote of the serial in ''[[The Discontinuity Guide]]'' (1995), "There are some wonderful exterior sequences, with giddy scenes of Daleks on Westminster Bridge and in Trafalgar Square (they've added lettering of their own to various monuments). The only thing that lets down the vast production values is the Slyther...Obvious [[Dan Dare]] stuff, but done with such hallucinatory conviction that the end result is very impressive."<ref name="discontinuity">{{cite book |title=[[The Discontinuity Guide]] |last1=Cornell |first1=Paul |authorlink1=Paul Cornell |last2=Day |first2=Martin |authorlink2=Martin Day |last3=Topping |first3=Keith |authorlink3=Keith Topping |year=1995 |publisher=[[Virgin Books]] |location=London |isbn=0-426-20442-5 |pages= |chapter=The Dalek Invasion of Earth|chapterurl=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/dalekinvasion/detail.shtml }}</ref> In ''The Television Companion'' (1998), David J. Howe and Stephen James Walker said that the story "surely ranks as one of the series' all-time greats", with impressive scripting and location filming despite some clumsy direction. They also praised the "poignant and moving" final scene.<ref name="television companion">{{cite book | author = [[David J. Howe|Howe, David J]] & [[Stephen James Walker|Walker, Stephen James]] | year = 1998 | title = Doctor Who: The Television Companion | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/dalekinvasion/detail.shtml| edition = 1st | location = London | publisher = [[BBC Books]] | isbn = 978-0-563-40588-7 }}</ref> In 2008, Mark Braxton of ''[[Radio Times]]'' noted the continuity errors concerning the Daleks but praised the supporting cast, location filming, and emotional ending. However, he pointed out that the ambition had "consequences" in the form of production shortcomings.<ref name="Radio Times">{{cite web|first=Mark|last=Braxton|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2008-11-21/the-dalek-invasion-of-earth|title=Doctor Who: The Dalek Invasion of Earth|work=[[Radio Times]]|date=21 November 2008|accessdate=7 August 2013}}</ref> ''[[The A.V. Club]]'' reviewer Christopher Bahn wrote that the serial had not "aged well at all" because it was "frequently slow-paced and suffers badly from his penchant for deliberately running out the clock by throwing in long, meandering subplots". He felt that Nation was not interested in the Daleks as characters and the Robomen were "more interesting conceptually than in execution", and that the dramatic impact of Susan's departure was "wasted" because the Doctor chose for her. Despite that, he called the first episode and cliffhanger "excellent" and noted how the serials' characterisation of the Doctor was echoed through the history of the show.<ref>{{cite web|first=Christopher|last=Bahn|url=http://www.avclub.com/articles/the-dalek-invasion-of-earth,64624/|title=The Dalek Invasion of Earth|work=[[The A.V. Club]]|date=6 November 2011|accessdate=7 August 2013}}</ref> In 2010, [[Charlie Jane Anders]] of [[io9]] listed the cliffhanger to the first episode – in which a Dalek rises out of the Thames;— as one of the greatest cliffhangers in the history of ''Doctor Who''.<ref>{{cite web|first=Charlie Jane|last=Anders|url=http://io9.com/5625151/greatest-doctor-who-cliffhangers-of-all-time|title=Greatest Doctor Who cliffhangers of all time!|publisher=[[io9]]|date=31 August 2010|accessdate=7 August 2013}}</ref> |
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At the BBC Programme Review Board after the broadcast of the first episode in November 1964, director of television [[Kenneth Adam]] called it "interesting".{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=38}} The Audience Research Report was higher than usual, with praise for the production and atmosphere; the primary complaint was the lack of Daleks, and some viewers felt it was too gruesome for children.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=42}} The Review Board described the third episode as "outstanding".{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=39}} The following week, executives of the Board felt that the show's quality was consistently high. Adam indicated that [[Director-General of the BBC|Director-General]] [[Hugh Greene]] was eager to see the Daleks return in future stories.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=41}} [[T. C. Worsley]] of the ''[[Financial Times]]'' praised the serial for creating a universal image for the Daleks. On 27 May 1965, critic Frederick Laws wrote that he has banned his children from watching ''Doctor Who'' due to the ending of the serial's first episode.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=43}} |
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Retrospective reviews of the serial were generally positive. In ''[[The Discontinuity Guide]]'' (1995), [[Paul Cornell]], [[Martin Day]], and [[Keith Topping]] praised the exterior sequences of the Daleks, though noted the less impressive production of the Slyther.{{sfn|Cornell|Day|Topping|1995}} In ''The Television Companion'' (1998), [[David J. Howe]] and [[Stephen James Walker]] described the serial as "one of the series' all-time greats", with impressive scripting and location filming despite some clumsy direction. They also praised the "poignant and moving" final scene.{{sfn|Howe|Walker|1998}} In 2008, Mark Braxton of ''[[Radio Times]]'' praised the supporting cast, location filming, and emotional ending, but noted the continuity errors concerning the Daleks and the production shortcomings as a result of the serial's ambition.<ref name="Radio Times Review"/> In a 2011 review, ''[[The A.V. Club]]''{{'}}s Christopher Bahn criticised the serial's slow pacing and the uninteresting concept of the Robomen, and noted that Susan's departure lacked dramatic impact because the Doctor chose for her; however, he praised the first episode and its cliffhanger, and the characterisation of the Doctor.<ref name="AV Club Review"/> In 2010, [[Charlie Jane Anders]] of ''[[io9]]'' listed the first episode's cliffhanger as one of the greatest in the show's history.<ref name="io9"/> |
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{{Infobox book |
{{Infobox book |
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|name = Doctor Who and the Dalek Invasion of Earth |
|name = Doctor Who and the Dalek Invasion of Earth |
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|isbn= 0-491-02124-0 |
|isbn= 0-491-02124-0 |
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A novelisation of this serial, written by [[Terrance Dicks]], was published by [[Target Books]] in 1977. This version featured cover art based on the film rather than the TV series. A [[German language|German translation]] was published in 1981 by Schneider-Buch with the title ''Doctor Who – Kampf um die Erde'' (''Doctor Who – Struggle for the Earth'') with cover illustration by [[David A. Hardy]]. A [[French language|French translation]] by Ronald C. Wagner was published in 1987 under the title ''Docteur Who – Les Daleks envahissent la Terre'' (''Doctor Who – The Daleks invade the Earth''). The cover depicts the controversial twin French physicists [[Bogdanov Affair|Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff]] as presenting the book.<ref>{{cite web |last=Neal |first=Tim |url=http://www.personal.leeds.ac.uk/~ecl6nb/OnTarget/1977/dalek/dalfrcov.htm |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120805113617/http://www.personal.leeds.ac.uk/~ecl6nb/OnTarget/1977/dalek/dalfrcov.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 August 2012 |title=Dalek Invasion French cover |date=28 March 2005 |accessdate=10 December 2006 |work=On Target }}</ref> In 2011, the novelisation was released as an audiobook read by William Russell.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.audiogo.com/uk/doctor-who-and-the-dalek-invasion-of-earth-classic-novel-terrance-dicks-gid-11500|title=Doctor Who and the Dalek Invasion of Earth (Classic Novel) |publisher=[[AudioGo]]|accessdate=14 October 2013}}</ref> |
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[[Terrance Dicks]] used the camera scripts to adapt a novelisation of the serial, ''Doctor Who and the Dalek Invasion of Earth'', published in March 1977 by [[Target Books]] as a paperback and Allan Wingate in hardback. The cover, designed by Chris Achilleos, was based on the film adaptation. The paperback was reissued with a blue variant of the ''Doctor Who'' logo in 1980. The novelisation was included in ''Doctor Who: Dalek Omnibux'', published in hardback by [[W. H. Allen & Co.|W. H. Allen]]. It was also published as one of the first ''Doctor Who Classics'' by Star Books in August 1988. Target reissued the novel in 1990 with [[Alister Pearson]]'s artwork from the video release. The book was also published internationally: in Germany as ''Doctor Who: Kampf um die Erde'' and ''Doctor Who und das Komplott der Daleks'', and in France as ''Doctor Who: Les Daleks Envahissent la Terre''. An audio version of the novelisation was published by [[BBC Audiobooks]] in November 2009, read by [[William Russell (actor)|William Russell]] with Dalek voices by [[Nicholas Briggs]]. It was included in AudioGO's ''Doctor Who — Invasion Earth!'' collection in October 2012.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=45}} |
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===Home media=== |
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[[File:Dalek Invasion BBC DVD cvr.jpg|thumb|150px|left|The DVD edition of ''The Dalek Invasion of Earth''.]] |
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This story was released on [[VHS]] in 1990. As part of the ''Doctor Who'' 40th Anniversary Celebration releases in June 2003, ''The Dalek Invasion of Earth'' was released on [[DVD region code#2|Region 2]] DVD as a two-disc set, with several extra features. These included the option to view the story with certain special effects sequences optionally replaced with newly created [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI]]. The DVD was also included in a limited-edition [[box set]] with later stories ''[[Resurrection of the Daleks]]'' and ''[[Remembrance of the Daleks]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.timelash.com/tardis/display.php?1091|title=40th Anniversary 1963-2003 Dalek Collector's Edition @ The TARDIS Library (Doctor Who books, DVDs, videos & audios)|website=www.timelash.com}}</ref> This serial was also released as part of the ''[[List of Doctor Who home video releases#Doctor Who DVD Files (2009-2014)|Doctor Who DVD Files]]'' in issue 95 on 22 August 2012. |
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The serial was released as a double-tape pack by [[BBC Video]] in May 1990.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=45}} It was released on DVD in June 2003, with special features including audio commentary, documentaries, and Ford's footage from the final day of recording. A collectors' edition box set, limited to 5,000 copies, was released at [[WHSmith]] in October 2005. The serial was included in ''The Dalek Collection'' box set, released by [[BBC Worldwide]] on [[Amazon]] in January 2007. It was also released in issue 95 of ''[[Doctor Who DVD Files]]'' in August 2012.{{sfn|Wright|2017|p=46}} |
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In 1966, the serial was adapted by [[Milton Subotsky]] as a film, ''[[Daleks' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D.]]'', starring [[Peter Cushing]] as [[Dr. Who (Dalek films)|Dr. Who]] and [[Roberta Tovey]] as Susan, with the roles of Ian Chesterton and Barbara Wright being replaced by the new characters [[List of Doctor Who spin-off companions#Tom Campbell|Tom Campbell]] ([[Bernard Cribbins]]) and [[List of Doctor Who spin-off companions#Louise|Louise]] ([[Jill Curzon]]).{{sfn|Ainsworth|2015|p=158}} |
In 1966, the serial was adapted by [[Milton Subotsky]] as a film, ''[[Daleks' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D.]]'', starring [[Peter Cushing]] as [[Dr. Who (Dalek films)|Dr. Who]] and [[Roberta Tovey]] as Susan, with the roles of Ian Chesterton and Barbara Wright being replaced by the new characters [[List of Doctor Who spin-off companions#Tom Campbell|Tom Campbell]] ([[Bernard Cribbins]]) and [[List of Doctor Who spin-off companions#Louise|Louise]] ([[Jill Curzon]]).{{sfn|Ainsworth|2015|p=158}} |
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== Notes == |
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{{notelist}} |
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==References== |
== References == |
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{{reflist|refs= |
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{{Reflist}} |
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<ref name="AV Club Review">{{cite web |url=https://tv.avclub.com/doctor-who-classic-the-dalek-invasion-of-earth-1798170474 |title=Doctor Who (Classic): "The Dalek Invasion Of Earth" |last=Bahn |first=Christopher |work=[[The A.V. Club]] |publisher=Onion, Inc. |date=6 November 2011 |accessdate=19 September 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919124515/https://tv.avclub.com/doctor-who-classic-the-dalek-invasion-of-earth-1798170474 |archivedate=19 September 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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<ref name="Future Memories">{{cite AV media |year=2003 |title=Future Memories |last=Finklestone |first=Peter |medium=DVD documentary |publisher=[[2 Entertain]] |ref={{harvid|Finklestone|2003}}}}</ref> |
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===Fan reviews=== |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070806010816/http://www.gallifreyone.com/review.php?id=k ''The Dalek Invasion of Earth''] reviews at [[Outpost Gallifrey]] |
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*[http://www.whoniverse.org/reviews/K.php The Whoniverse's review on ''The Dalek Invasion of Earth''] |
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<ref name="io9">{{cite web |url=http://io9.com/5625151/greatest-doctor-who-cliffhangers-of-all-time |title=Greatest Doctor Who cliffhangers of all time! |last=Anders |first=Charlie Jane |authorlink=Charlie Jane Anders |work=[[io9]] |publisher=[[Gawker Media]] |date=31 August 2010 |accessdate=19 September 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902145526/http://io9.com/5625151/greatest-doctor-who-cliffhangers-of-all-time |archivedate=2 September 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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===Target novelisation=== |
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*{{Isfdb title|id=10593|title=Doctor Who and the Dalek Invasion of Earth}} |
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<ref name="Radio Times Review">{{cite web |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/news/2008-11-20/the-dalek-invasion-of-earth/ |title=The Dalek Invasion of Earth |last=Braxton |first=Mark |work=[[Radio Times]] |publisher=BBC Magazines |date=20 November 2008 |accessdate=19 September 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919085150/https://www.radiotimes.com/news/2008-11-20/the-dalek-invasion-of-earth/ |archivedate=19 September 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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== Bibliography == |
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*{{cite journal |editor-last=Ainsworth |editor-first=John |year=2015 |title=100,000 BC and The Mutants (aka The Daleks) |journal=Doctor Who: The Complete History |publisher=[[Panini Comics]], [[Hachette Book Group|Hachette Partworks]] |volume=1 |issue=4 |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Cornell |first1=Paul |authorlink1=Paul Cornell |last2=Day |first2=Martin |authorlink2=Martin Day |last3=Topping |first3=Keith |authorlink3=Keith Topping |title=[[The Discontinuity Guide]] |year=1995 |publisher=[[Virgin Books]] |location=London |isbn=0-426-20442-5 |pages= |chapter=The Dalek Invasion of Earth }} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Howe |first1=David J. |authorlink1=David J. Howe |last2=Walker |first2=Stephen James |authorlink2=Stephen James Walker |title=Doctor Who: The Television Companion |year=1998 |publisher=[[BBC Books]] |location=London |isbn= 978-0-563-40588-7 }} |
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* {{cite journal |editor-last=Wright |editor-first=Mark |year=2017 |title=The Dalek Invasion of Earth, The Rescue, The Romans and The Web Planet |journal=Doctor Who: The Complete History |publisher=[[Panini Comics]], [[Hachette Book Group|Hachette Partworks]] |volume=4 |issue=61 |ref=harv }} |
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{{Doctor Who episodes|C2}} |
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[[Category:Dalek television stories]] |
[[Category:Dalek television stories]] |
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[[Category:Doctor Who serials novelised by Terrance Dicks]] |
[[Category:Doctor Who serials novelised by Terrance Dicks]] |
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[[Category:Fiction set in the 22nd century]] |
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Revision as of 11:43, 19 September 2020
| 010 – The Dalek Invasion of Earth | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Doctor Who serial | |||
 | |||
| Cast | |||
Others
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| Production | |||
| Directed by | Richard Martin | ||
| Written by | Terry Nation | ||
| Script editor | David Whitaker | ||
| Produced by | Verity Lambert | ||
| Music by | Francis Chagrin | ||
| Production code | K | ||
| Series | Season 2 | ||
| Running time | 6 episodes, 25 minutes each | ||
| First broadcast | 21 November 1964 | ||
| Last broadcast | 26 December 1964 | ||
| Chronology | |||
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The Dalek Invasion of Earth is the second serial of the second season in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who. Written by Terry Nation and directed by Richard Martin, the serial was broadcast on BBC1 in six weekly parts from 21 November to 26 December 1964. In the serial, the First Doctor (William Hartnell), his granddaughter Susan Foreman (Carole Ann Ford), and teachers Ian Chesterton (William Russell) and Barbara Wright (Jacqueline Hill) discover that the Earth in the 22nd century has been occupied by Daleks. They work with a human resistance group to stop the Daleks from mining out the Earth's core as part of their plan to pilot the planet through space.
The serial was commissioned following the success of the Daleks from the titular serial of the first season. The serial also marks the final regular appearance of Ford as Susan, having been dissatisfied with the character's development. The writers had considered introducing Susan's replacement within The Dalek Invasion of Earth, but delays in contract renewals forced it to the following serial. The serial was the first major location shoot for Doctor Who, with production taking place at Trafalgar Square, Westminster Bridge, and the Royal Albert Hall. The serial premiered with 11.4 million viewers, maintaining strong viewers across the six weeks. Contemporary reactions were positive, with many praising the return of the Daleks. Retrospective reviews were also positive, with particular praise directed at the first episode's cliffhanger and Susan's emotional departure, though the direction and pacing has been criticised. The serial later received several print adaptations and home media releases.
Plot
After the TARDIS materialises, the First Doctor, Susan Foreman, Ian Chesterton, and Barbara Wright surmise that they have landed in London, but find it in ruins. The Doctor and Ian stumble across an army of Robomen as a Dalek rises from the River Thames. The Daleks take the Doctor and Ian onboard their saucer. Resistance members explain that the Daleks invaded Earth in the aftermath of a meteorite bombardment ten years prior.
Barbara and Susan are taken by refugees to a nearby shelter in an abandoned Underground station, where they meet resistance members who are planning an assault on the Daleks. The resistance leader, paraplegic scientist Dortmun, has created a bomb to destroy the Daleks' outer casings. Susan, Barbara, and the resistance team attack the Daleks using the bombs, but they are ineffective. David rescues the Doctor with Susan while Barbara gets separated. Ian hides as the saucer leaves for the Dalek mining operations. There, he escapes the Slyther, a pet of the Black Dalek. He eventually hides in the mine and becomes trapped in a capsule filled with explosives. The Doctor, Susan, and David arrive at the cliffs overlooking the mine; the Doctor sends David and Susan to interfere with the Daleks' radio signals, while he climbs into the mine.
Dortmun sacrifices himself so that Barbara and Jenny can escape. They repair an old truck and head for the mining operations, but are reported to the Daleks when seeking shelter and sent to work. They are later brought before the Black Dalek and discover that the Daleks are drilling through the Earth's crust to blow out its core. The Daleks imprison Barbara and Jenny and set the explosive-filled capsule in position, but Ian disarms it. The Doctor frees Barbara and Jenny. With the radio signals damaged, Barbara and the Doctor order the Robomen to destroy the Daleks, and the human slaves rebel. The bomb destroys the Dalek fleet and causes a volcanic eruption in England.
"One day, I shall come back. Yes, I shall come back. Until then, there must be no regrets, no tears, no anxieties. Just go forward in all your beliefs, and prove to me that I am not mistaken in mine."
—The First Doctor bids farewell to Susan
Back in London, David begs Susan to stay and marry him. Susan agonises, declaring her love but admitting that she must leave. The Doctor locks the TARDIS doors and bids Susan an emotional farewell, telling her that she deserves a normal life with David. He promises to return one day, and sets the TARDIS in motion. Susan drops her TARDIS key and leaves with David.
Production
Conception and writing
In March 1964, story editor David Whitaker formally commissioned Terry Nation to write a serial for Doctor Who's second season following the success of the Daleks from the titular serial of the first season, as well as Nation's quick and effective work on The Keys of Marinus.[1] The commission was made under the title Doctor Who and the Daleks. Nation delivered the storyline for the serial in mid-April 1964 under the name The Return of the Daleks.[2] The serial was retitled The Dalek Invasion of Earth by September; The Daleks in Europe appeared on some design material.[3]
The Dalek models were refurbished for the serial, adding new eyestalks, a dish receptor, improved bases for movement, and a new pedal mechanism.[a][4] The serial's score was composed by Francis Chagrin. Around 18 minutes of incidental music for the first three episodes was recorded on 10 September 1964 at Maida Vale Studios,[5] and 12 minutes for the final three episodes was recorded by five musicians on 8 October.[6]
Casting and characters
On 12 March 1964, trade paper Television Today announced that Carole Ann Ford would depart from her role as Susan at the end of her contract, due to her dissatisfaction with the character's development.[2] Whitaker wanted a strong reason for Susan's departure. To assist the story's development, Ford and William Hartnell were invited to stay with Nation and his wife over a weekend in August.[7] In June 1964, head of serials Donald Wilson considered continuing the show without the character of Barbara, and with a younger actress for Susan.[8] Delays by Controller of Programmes Donald Baverstock to renew cast contracts meant that Susan's replacement, then intended to be Jenny (originally known as Saida), could not be introduced in the serial.[9] Martin asked Ann Davies, who was cast as Jenny, if she would be available as a regular cast member, but he could not offer the role.[10]
The Dalek Invasion of Earth was the first speaking role of Nicholas Smith, who portrayed Wells. When Smith discovered he was only starring in one episode, he approached Martin; Martin asked him to return in a later episode to lead the human rebellion.[11] Jean Conroy, who played one of the women in the woods in the fifth episode, died in a street accident on 14 November; the episode was broadcast posthumously.[12]
Filming
The Dalek Invasion of Earth was the first major location shoot for Doctor Who. 35mm filming began at Trafalgar Square at around 5:30 a.m. on 23 August 1964, consisting of shots of a deserted city.[13] The design team added Dalek markings on landmarks such as Nelson's Column, which police requested they remove.[14] On the same day, filming took place at the statue of the Duke of Cambridge in Whitehall, Westminster Bridge, and the Royal Albert Hall. Martin had an agreement with police to vacate parts of central London for filming. Production resumed two days later on 25 August at the closed Wood Lane tube station.[15] On 27 August, filming took place at Hammersmith Bridge. The location was chosen as it provided easy access to a hospital in case any performers swallowed river water; a taxi remained on standby. Dalek operator Robert Jewell could not gain enough traction to move his Dalek out of the river; the prop was attached to a cable to help. Doctor Who's first filming in a quarry took place on 28 August at Stone, Kent.[16] Peter Hawkins and David Graham recorded Dalek voiceovers on 16 September.[5]
Rehearsals for the first episode began on 14 September in White City, and weekly studio recording began on 18 September in Studio 1 at Riverside Studios. Though smaller overall than Lime Grove Studios, the complex used for previous serials, Riverside offered well-equipped and larger individual studios.[5] During camera rehearsals for the third episode on 2 October, Hartnell injured his back when a prop ramp malfunctioned, requiring several days of rest.[17] Following discussions between Hartnell's solicitors and the BBC's, the BBC denied liability and paid for an X-ray. Hartnell was given a week off to recover, and the fourth episode underwent minor rewrites; Edmund Warwick portrayed Hartnell's double in the episode.[6] The final episode was recorded on 23 October, marking a year of production since the filming of the show's first serial;[18] recording was delayed by half an hour due to some technical facilities being used by coverage of the 1964 Summer Olympics.[6] The production crew anticipated the final episode to be one of the most technically complex. The recording suffered some camera and sound issues, causing Hartnell to stumble some speeches. Hartnell omitted two lines from the Doctor's closing speech to Susan.[b] Ford recorded footage of the cast between camera rehearsals on her personal 8 mm film camera.[18]
Reception
Broadcast and ratings
| Episode | Title | Run time | Original air date | UK viewers (millions) | Appreciation Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | "World's End" | 23:42 | 21 November 1964 | 11.4 | 63 |
| 2 | "The Daleks" | 24:19 | 28 November 1964 | 12.4 | 59 |
| 3 | "Day of Reckoning" | 26:50 | 5 December 1964 | 11.9 | 59 |
| 4 | "The End of Tomorrow" | 23:23 | 12 December 1964 | 11.9 | 59 |
| 5 | "The Waking Ally" | 24:29 | 19 December 1964 | 11.4 | 58 |
| 6 | "Flashpoint" | 25:21 | 26 December 1964 | 12.4 | 60 |
The Dalek Invasion of Earth was successful among viewers, with an additional four million viewers over the previous serial:[20] the first episode received 11.4 million viewers, which rose to 12.4 the following week. The third and fourth episodes received 11.9 million, which dropped to 11.4 to the fifth episode, and rose again to 12.4 for the final.[21] The first episode was the highest-rated BBC programme for northern England, and the third episode was the highest-rated for Wales and western England.[20] The fifth episode was ranked 18th in the national ratings for the week, tied with ITV's Thank Your Lucky Stars.[22] The Appreciation Index was highest for the first episode at 63, dropping to 59 for the second, third, and fourth episodes, and to 58 for the fifth, before rising to 60 for the final.[21] The serial was shown at the Longleat 20th Anniversary Celebration on 3 April 1983, and the first episode was screen at the National Film Theatre on 29 October 1983. All six episodes were screened at the theatre on 5 January 1999.[21]
Critical response
At the BBC Programme Review Board after the broadcast of the first episode in November 1964, director of television Kenneth Adam called it "interesting".[20] The Audience Research Report was higher than usual, with praise for the production and atmosphere; the primary complaint was the lack of Daleks, and some viewers felt it was too gruesome for children.[22] The Review Board described the third episode as "outstanding".[23] The following week, executives of the Board felt that the show's quality was consistently high. Adam indicated that Director-General Hugh Greene was eager to see the Daleks return in future stories.[24] T. C. Worsley of the Financial Times praised the serial for creating a universal image for the Daleks. On 27 May 1965, critic Frederick Laws wrote that he has banned his children from watching Doctor Who due to the ending of the serial's first episode.[25]
Retrospective reviews of the serial were generally positive. In The Discontinuity Guide (1995), Paul Cornell, Martin Day, and Keith Topping praised the exterior sequences of the Daleks, though noted the less impressive production of the Slyther.[26] In The Television Companion (1998), David J. Howe and Stephen James Walker described the serial as "one of the series' all-time greats", with impressive scripting and location filming despite some clumsy direction. They also praised the "poignant and moving" final scene.[27] In 2008, Mark Braxton of Radio Times praised the supporting cast, location filming, and emotional ending, but noted the continuity errors concerning the Daleks and the production shortcomings as a result of the serial's ambition.[28] In a 2011 review, The A.V. Club's Christopher Bahn criticised the serial's slow pacing and the uninteresting concept of the Robomen, and noted that Susan's departure lacked dramatic impact because the Doctor chose for her; however, he praised the first episode and its cliffhanger, and the characterisation of the Doctor.[29] In 2010, Charlie Jane Anders of io9 listed the first episode's cliffhanger as one of the greatest in the show's history.[30]
Commercial releases
 | |
| Author | Terrance Dicks |
|---|---|
| Cover artist | Chris Achilleos |
| Series | Doctor Who book: Target novelisations |
Release number | 17 |
| Publisher | Target Books |
Publication date | 24 March 1977 |
| ISBN | 0-491-02124-0 |
Terrance Dicks used the camera scripts to adapt a novelisation of the serial, Doctor Who and the Dalek Invasion of Earth, published in March 1977 by Target Books as a paperback and Allan Wingate in hardback. The cover, designed by Chris Achilleos, was based on the film adaptation. The paperback was reissued with a blue variant of the Doctor Who logo in 1980. The novelisation was included in Doctor Who: Dalek Omnibux, published in hardback by W. H. Allen. It was also published as one of the first Doctor Who Classics by Star Books in August 1988. Target reissued the novel in 1990 with Alister Pearson's artwork from the video release. The book was also published internationally: in Germany as Doctor Who: Kampf um die Erde and Doctor Who und das Komplott der Daleks, and in France as Doctor Who: Les Daleks Envahissent la Terre. An audio version of the novelisation was published by BBC Audiobooks in November 2009, read by William Russell with Dalek voices by Nicholas Briggs. It was included in AudioGO's Doctor Who — Invasion Earth! collection in October 2012.[31]
The serial was released as a double-tape pack by BBC Video in May 1990.[31] It was released on DVD in June 2003, with special features including audio commentary, documentaries, and Ford's footage from the final day of recording. A collectors' edition box set, limited to 5,000 copies, was released at WHSmith in October 2005. The serial was included in The Dalek Collection box set, released by BBC Worldwide on Amazon in January 2007. It was also released in issue 95 of Doctor Who DVD Files in August 2012.[32]
Film adaptation
In 1966, the serial was adapted by Milton Subotsky as a film, Daleks' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D., starring Peter Cushing as Dr. Who and Roberta Tovey as Susan, with the roles of Ian Chesterton and Barbara Wright being replaced by the new characters Tom Campbell (Bernard Cribbins) and Louise (Jill Curzon).[33]
Notes
- ^ Dalek designer Raymond Cusick had proposed the addition of a pedal mechanism for the original design the previous year.[4]
- ^ The two lines omitted by Hartnell include one earlier in the speech: "Work hard both of you. Be gentle with her David and show her that life on Earth with love and understanding can be a great adventure." The second line was meant to end the speech: "And remember love is the most precious jewel of all."[19]
References
- ^ Wright 2017, p. 16.
- ^ a b Wright 2017, p. 17.
- ^ Wright 2017, p. 28.
- ^ a b Wright 2017, p. 24.
- ^ a b c Wright 2017, p. 29.
- ^ a b c Wright 2017, p. 32.
- ^ Wright 2017, p. 19.
- ^ Wright 2017, p. 18.
- ^ Wright 2017, pp. 23–24.
- ^ Finklestone 2003, 06:21.
- ^ Finklestone, Peter (2003). Future Memories (DVD documentary). 2 Entertain.
{{cite AV media}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - ^ Wright 2017, p. 33.
- ^ Wright 2017, p. 25.
- ^ Wright 2017, pp. 25–26.
- ^ Wright 2017, p. 26.
- ^ Wright 2017, p. 27.
- ^ Wright 2017, p. 31.
- ^ a b Wright 2017, p. 34.
- ^ Wright 2017, pp. 34–35.
- ^ a b c Wright 2017, p. 38.
- ^ a b c Wright 2017, p. 44.
- ^ a b Wright 2017, p. 42.
- ^ Wright 2017, p. 39.
- ^ Wright 2017, p. 41.
- ^ Wright 2017, p. 43.
- ^ Cornell, Day & Topping 1995.
- ^ Howe & Walker 1998.
- ^ Braxton, Mark (20 November 2008). "The Dalek Invasion of Earth". Radio Times. BBC Magazines. Archived from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
- ^ Bahn, Christopher (6 November 2011). "Doctor Who (Classic): "The Dalek Invasion Of Earth"". The A.V. Club. Onion, Inc. Archived from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
- ^ Anders, Charlie Jane (31 August 2010). "Greatest Doctor Who cliffhangers of all time!". io9. Gawker Media. Archived from the original on 2 September 2010. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
- ^ a b Wright 2017, p. 45.
- ^ Wright 2017, p. 46.
- ^ Ainsworth 2015, p. 158.
Bibliography
- Ainsworth, John, ed. (2015). "100,000 BC and The Mutants (aka The Daleks)". Doctor Who: The Complete History. 1 (4). Panini Comics, Hachette Partworks.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Cornell, Paul; Day, Martin; Topping, Keith (1995). "The Dalek Invasion of Earth". The Discontinuity Guide. London: Virgin Books. ISBN 0-426-20442-5.
- Howe, David J.; Walker, Stephen James (1998). Doctor Who: The Television Companion. London: BBC Books. ISBN 978-0-563-40588-7.
- Wright, Mark, ed. (2017). "The Dalek Invasion of Earth, The Rescue, The Romans and The Web Planet". Doctor Who: The Complete History. 4 (61). Panini Comics, Hachette Partworks.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
External links
