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{{Use American English|date=November 2022}}
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{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name=MoSys, Inc.
| name=MoSys, Inc.
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MoSys was incorporated in San Jose, California, on September 16, 1991, as Monolithic System Technology.{{sfnm|1a1=Bailey|1a2=Werner|1y=2007|1p=40|2a1=Staff writer|2y=1994|2p=95}} The company was co-founded by Fu-Chieh Hsu, who also served as its chairman and president until December 2004.{{sfn|LaPedus|2004}} Joined by Fu-Chieh were Wingyu Leung and Gary Banta, both [[Vice president (corporate title)|vice president]]s of design engineering. The initial design team staffed engineers poached from [[Integrated Device Technology]], [[Integrated Silicon Solution Inc.|ISSI]], [[Rambus]], and Plus Logic. By 1994, the company had received $7.5 million in venture funding.{{sfn|Staff writer|1994|p=95}}
MoSys was incorporated in San Jose, California, on September 16, 1991, as Monolithic System Technology.{{sfnm|1a1=Bailey|1a2=Werner|1y=2007|1p=40|2a1=Staff writer|2y=1994|2p=95}} The company was co-founded by Fu-Chieh Hsu, who also served as its chairman and president until December 2004.{{sfn|LaPedus|2004}} Joined by Fu-Chieh were Wingyu Leung and Gary Banta, both [[Vice president (corporate title)|vice president]]s of design engineering. The initial design team staffed engineers poached from [[Integrated Device Technology]], [[Integrated Silicon Solution Inc.|ISSI]], [[Rambus]], and Plus Logic. By 1994, the company had received $7.5 million in venture funding.{{sfn|Staff writer|1994|p=95}}


The company's first major product was a specialized type of [[dynamic random-access memory]] that Monolithic termed [[Multibank DRAM]] (MDRAM).{{sfn|Staff writer|1994|p=95}} The initial entry in this series of chips was a 4-Mb chip, composed of 16 cells of [[16-bit]]-wide 16-kB memory; a simple interface on each of the cells connects them to a high-speed bus on the chip. On each [[Signal edge|leading edge and trailing edge]] of the chip-enable pulse, memory arrays output data onto the internal bus, achieving a 32-bit word on every pulse.{{sfn|McLeod|1994|p=5}} MDRAM secured design wins in July 1994 with [[Tseng Labs]], [[Trident Microsystems]], and [[S3 Inc.]] using the chips in their [[graphics accelerator card]]s. [[Access time]] was rated at 15µs, compared to 60 µs of contemporary chips.{{sfn|Crothers|1994|p=32}} DRAM required a proprietary interface and could not be adapted to the [[SIMM]] card standard for [[desktop computer]] memory of its day.{{sfn|Staff writer|1994|p=95}} Volume production, handled by an outside fabricator, was achieved in late 1994.{{sfn|Schroeder|1994|p=40}}
The company's first major product was a specialized type of [[dynamic random-access memory]] that Monolithic termed [[Multibank DRAM]] (MDRAM).{{sfn|Staff writer|1994|p=95}} The initial entry in this series of chips was a 4-Mb chip, composed of 16 cells of [[16-bit]]-wide 16-kB memory; a simple interface on each of the cells connects them to a high-speed bus on the chip. On each [[Signal edge|leading edge and trailing edge]] of the chip-enable pulse, memory arrays output data onto the internal bus, achieving a 32-bit word on every pulse.{{sfn|McLeod|1994|p=5}} MDRAM secured design wins in July 1994 with [[Tseng Labs]], [[Trident Microsystems]], and [[S3 Inc.]] using the chips in their [[graphics accelerator card]]s. [[Access time]] was rated at 15 [[Nanosecond|ns]], compared to 60 ns of contemporary chips.{{sfn|Crothers|1994|p=32}} MDRAM required a proprietary interface and could not be adapted to the [[SIMM]] card standard for [[desktop computer]] memory of its day.{{sfn|Staff writer|1994|p=95}} Volume production, handled by an outside fabricator, was achieved in late 1994.{{sfn|Schroeder|1994|p=40}}
[[File:1T-SRAM.JPG|thumb|MoSys 1T-SRAM chip]]
[[File:1T-SRAM.JPG|thumb|MoSys 1T-SRAM chip]]
In July 1998 Monolith introduced a series of [[Static random-access memory|pipelined-burst SRAMs]] for the [[laptop|notebook computer]] market.{{sfn|Ascierto|1999|p=16}} In September 1998 they introduced [[1T-SRAM]], a [[PSRAM|pseudo-static random-access memory]] technology.{{sfn|Glaskowsky|1999|p=1}} Nintendo signed a contract with MoSys to use 1T-SRAM in its codenamed Dolphin video game console,{{sfn|Clarke|Hara|1999}} later unveiled as the [[GameCube]] in 2001. Over 25 million units of 1T-SRAM were produced up to October 2002.{{sfn|Staff writer|2002}} A newer version of 1T-SRAM, dubbed 1T-SRAM Classic, was patented and introduced in 2006.{{sfn|Bailey|Werner|2007|p=41}} Nintendo re-entered a contract with Monolith to use it in the [[Wii]], in 2006.{{sfn|Block|2006}}
In July 1998, Monolithic introduced a series of [[Static random-access memory|pipelined-burst static RAM]] chips for the [[laptop|notebook computer]] market.{{sfn|Ascierto|1999|p=16}} In September 1998 they introduced [[1T-SRAM]], a [[PSRAM|pseudo-static random-access memory]] technology. Unlike true static RAM, 1T-SRAM is essentially dynamic RAM, which requires each [[Memory cell (computing)|memory cell]] to be [[Memory refresh|refreshed constantly]]. However, 1T-SRAM pairs each bank of cells with true SRAM [[Cache (computing)|cache]] of the same capacity; when more than one read/write operation occurs within a bank, the on-chip memory controller redirects access to the cache, allowing the cells within the bank to be refreshed. All banks not involved in a given transaction are meanwhile refreshed in the background. This effectively achieves SRAM-like performance, without the need for [[wait state]]s for every recharge cycle.{{sfn|Glaskowsky|1999|p=1}} The ''1T'' in ''1T-SRAM'' stands for 1 transistor; in dynamic RAM, typically only one [[MOSFET|transistor]]–capacitor pair is needed to build one memory cell, while static RAM commonly requires six transistors.{{sfnm|1a1=Jacob|1a2=Spencer|1a3=Wang|1y=2008|1p=330|2a1=Shimpi|2y=2001}} The academics Bruce Jacob, Spencer W. Ng, David T. Wang, writing in the book ''Memory Systems'' (2008), called the name a misnomer: "[1-transistor static RAM] is not really possible, but it makes for a catchy name".{{sfn|Jacob|Spencer|Wang|2008|p=330}}


In 1999, [[Nintendo]] signed a contract with MoSys to use 1T-SRAM in its codenamed Dolphin video game console,{{sfn|Clarke|Hara|1999}} later unveiled as the [[GameCube]] in 2001. Over 25 million units of 1T-SRAM were produced up to October 2002.{{sfn|Staff writer|2002}} A newer version of 1T-SRAM, dubbed 1T-SRAM Classic, was patented and introduced in 2006.{{sfn|Bailey|Werner|2007|p=41}} Nintendo re-entered a contract with Monolithic to use it in the [[Wii]], in 2006.{{sfn|Block|2006}}
The company began narrowing its chip sales in 1998, in favor of licensing its patents to other semiconductor memory companies.{{sfn|Hennessey|2001|p=C14}} In September 2000, Monolithic's board members voted to reincorporate the company in [[Delaware]].{{sfn|Bailey|Werner|2007|p=40}} The company still operated within California, relocating its research office to nearby [[Sunnyvale, California|Sunnyvale]] by June 2001. The same month, the company filed its [[initial public offering]], mediated through [[A. G. Edwards]].{{sfn|Staff writer|2001|p=6}} The company's stock rose 12 percent within the first day of its launch,{{sfn|Hennessey|2001|p=C14}} leading to a net proceed of $51 million for Monolith.{{sfn|Bailey|Werner|2007|p=40}} ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' saw this as a rekindling of interest in technology companies in the stock market, which had fallen in the twilight of the [[dot-com bubble]].{{sfn|Hennessey|2001|p=C14}}


The company began narrowing its chip sales in 1998, in favor of licensing its patents to other semiconductor memory companies.{{sfn|Hennessey|2001|p=C14}} In September 2000, Monolithic's board members voted to reincorporate the company in [[Delaware]].{{sfn|Bailey|Werner|2007|p=40}} The company still operated within California, relocating its research office to nearby [[Sunnyvale, California|Sunnyvale]] by June 2001. The same month, the company filed its [[initial public offering]], mediated through [[A. G. Edwards]].{{sfn|Staff writer|2001|p=6}} The company's stock rose 12 percent within the first day of its launch,{{sfn|Hennessey|2001|p=C14}} leading to a net proceed of $51 million for Monolithic.{{sfn|Bailey|Werner|2007|p=40}} ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' saw this as a rekindling of interest in technology companies in the stock market, which had fallen in the twilight of the [[dot-com bubble]].{{sfn|Hennessey|2001|p=C14}}
In February 2004, [[Synopsys]] announced that it would acquire Monolithic for [[US$]]432 million.{{sfn|Bloomberg L.P.|2004|p=10}} However, a month later, Synopsys terminated their agreement to buy out Monolith and paid the company a $10 million termination fee as part of the merger contract.{{sfn|Bailey|Werner|2007|pp=40–41}} This came after Synopsys had switched the terms of their acquisition, proposing to Monolithic a $13.50-per-share all-cash offer, incurring a very high premium. Monolith followed with a lawsuit in Delaware courts seeking to force Synopsys to finish their acquisition. Monolith dropped the suit in July 2004 without payment or liability. In late December 2004, following ill-health and a tough year for the company, chairman Fu-Chieh resigned from Monolith, with [[chief financial officer]] Mark Voll taking the mantle.{{sfn|LaPedus|2004}}


In February 2004, [[Synopsys]] announced that it would acquire Monolithic for [[US$]]432 million.{{sfn|Bloomberg L.P.|2004|p=10}} However, a month later, Synopsys terminated their agreement to buy out Monolithic and paid the company a $10 million termination fee as part of the merger contract.{{sfn|Bailey|Werner|2007|pp=40–41}} This came after Synopsys had switched the terms of their acquisition, proposing to Monolithic a $13.50-per-share all-cash offer, incurring a very high premium. Monolithic followed with a lawsuit in Delaware courts seeking to force Synopsys to finish their acquisition. Monolithic dropped the suit in July 2004 without payment or liability. In late December 2004, following ill-health and a tough year for the company, chairman Fu-Chieh resigned from Monolithic, with [[chief financial officer]] Mark Voll taking the mantle.{{sfn|LaPedus|2004}}
Monolith had by the end of December 31, 2005 76 full-time employees—25 executives in Delaware and 51 engineers in the company's research and development lab in Sunnyvale. In May 2006, the company formally renamed themselves to MoSys.{{sfn|Bailey|Werner|2007|p=41}}

Monolithic had, by the end of 2005, 76 full-time employees—25 executives in Delaware and 51 engineers in the company's research and development lab in Sunnyvale. In May 2006, the company formally renamed themselves to MoSys.{{sfn|Bailey|Werner|2007|p=41}}


By the late 2010s MoSys had pivoted to designing chips for security, [[telecommunications]], and [[datacenter]]s. In December 2021, they merged with Peraso Technologies, a designer of [[mmWave]] semiconductor, to emerge as Peraso Inc.{{sfn|AccessWire|2021}}
By the late 2010s MoSys had pivoted to designing chips for security, [[telecommunications]], and [[datacenter]]s. In December 2021, they merged with Peraso Technologies, a designer of [[mmWave]] semiconductor, to emerge as Peraso Inc.{{sfn|AccessWire|2021}}
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==References==
==References==
{{commons cat|MoSys, Inc.}}
{{refbegin|colwidth=30em|indent=yes}}
{{refbegin|colwidth=30em|indent=yes}}
* {{cite web | last=AccessWire | date=December 20, 2021 | url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/mosys-peraso-technologies-close-business-123000782.html | title=MoSys and Peraso Technologies Close Business Combination | work=Yahoo! News | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018083438/https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/mosys-peraso-technologies-close-business-123000782.html | archivedate=October 18, 2022}}
* {{cite web | last=AccessWire | date=December 20, 2021 | url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/mosys-peraso-technologies-close-business-123000782.html | title=MoSys and Peraso Technologies Close Business Combination | work=Yahoo! News | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018083438/https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/mosys-peraso-technologies-close-business-123000782.html | archivedate=October 18, 2022}}
* {{cite journal | last=Ascierto | first=Jerry | date=April 19, 1999 | url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A54436362/GPS?sid=wikipedia | title=MoSys Aims SRAMs at Low End | work=Electronic News | publisher=Sage Publications | volume=45 | issue=16 | page=16 | via=Gale}}
* {{cite journal | last=Ascierto | first=Jerry | date=April 19, 1999 | url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A54436362/GPS?sid=wikipedia | title=MoSys Aims SRAMs at Low End | journal=Electronic News | publisher=Sage Publications | volume=45 | issue=16 | page=16 | via=Gale}}
* {{cite book | last=Bailey | first=Brian | author2=Kathy Werner | date=2007 | url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Intellectual_Property_for_Electronic_Sys/KpjKtsckb0MC | title=Intellectual Property for Electronic Systems: An Essential Introduction | publisher=Professional Education International | isbn=9781931695572 | via=Google Books | ref={{sfnRef|Bailey|Werner|2007}} }}
* {{cite book | last=Bailey | first=Brian | author2=Kathy Werner | date=2007 | url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Intellectual_Property_for_Electronic_Sys/KpjKtsckb0MC | title=Intellectual Property for Electronic Systems: An Essential Introduction | publisher=Professional Education International | isbn=9781931695572 | via=Google Books | ref={{sfnRef|Bailey|Werner|2007}} }}
* {{cite web | last=Block | first=Gerry | date=June 19, 2006 | url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/10/15/25-million-1t-sram-units-produced | title=NEC and MoSys Announce Wii Hardware Partnerships | work=IGN | publisher=Red Ventures | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508195100/https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/06/19/nec-and-mosys-announce-wii-hardware-partnerships | archivedate=May 8, 2022}}
* {{cite web | last=Block | first=Gerry | date=June 19, 2006 | url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/10/15/25-million-1t-sram-units-produced | title=NEC and MoSys Announce Wii Hardware Partnerships | work=IGN | publisher=Red Ventures | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508195100/https://www.ign.com/articles/2006/06/19/nec-and-mosys-announce-wii-hardware-partnerships | archivedate=May 8, 2022}}
* {{cite journal | last=Bloomberg L.P. | date=February 24, 2004 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/24/business/technology-synopsys-acquisitions.html | title=Synopsys Acquisitions | work=The New York Times | publisher=The New York Times Company | page=10 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821002507/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/24/business/technology-synopsys-acquisitions.html | archivedate=August 21, 2020}}
* {{cite journal | last=Bloomberg L.P. | date=February 24, 2004 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/24/business/technology-synopsys-acquisitions.html | title=Synopsys Acquisitions | journal=The New York Times | page=10 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821002507/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/24/business/technology-synopsys-acquisitions.html | archivedate=August 21, 2020}}
* {{cite journal | last=Clarke | first=Peter | author2=Yoshiko Hara | date=September 3, 1999 | url=https://www.eetimes.com/nintendo-to-use-mosys-1-transistor-sram/ | title=Nintendo to use Mosys' 1-transistor SRAM | work=Electrical Engineering Times | publisher=AspenCore | archiveurl=http://archive.today/2022.10.18-080312/https://www.eetimes.com/nintendo-to-use-mosys-1-transistor-sram/ | archivedate=October 18, 2022 | ref={{sfnRef|Clarke|Hara|1999}} }}
* {{cite journal | last=Clarke | first=Peter | author2=Yoshiko Hara | date=September 3, 1999 | url=https://www.eetimes.com/nintendo-to-use-mosys-1-transistor-sram/ | title=Nintendo to use Mosys' 1-transistor SRAM | journal=Electrical Engineering Times | publisher=AspenCore | archiveurl=http://archive.today/2022.10.18-080312/https://www.eetimes.com/nintendo-to-use-mosys-1-transistor-sram/ | archivedate=October 18, 2022 | ref={{sfnRef|Clarke|Hara|1999}} }}
* {{cite journal | last=Crothers | first=Brooke | date=July 18, 1994 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kTgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA32 | title=DRAM chip for video announced | work=InfoWorld | publisher=IDG Publications | volume=16 | issue=29 | page=32 | via=Google Books}}
* {{cite journal | last=Crothers | first=Brooke | date=July 18, 1994 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kTgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA32 | title=DRAM chip for video announced | journal=InfoWorld | publisher=IDG Publications | volume=16 | issue=29 | page=32 | via=Google Books}}
* {{cite journal |title=MoSys Explains 1T-SRAM Technology: Unique Architecture Hides Refresh, Makes DRAM Work Like SRAM |first=Peter N. |last=Glaskowsky |journal=Microprocessor Report |volume=13 |date=September 13, 1999 |url=http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~david/courses/cs838/reader/mpr01.pdf |issue=12 |publisher=Cahners |agency=Reprint}}
* {{cite journal |title=MoSys Explains 1T-SRAM Technology: Unique Architecture Hides Refresh, Makes DRAM Work Like SRAM |first=Peter N. |last=Glaskowsky |journal=Microprocessor Report |volume=13 |number=12 |pages=23–24 |date=September 13, 1999 |url=http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~david/courses/cs838/reader/mpr01.pdf |publisher=Cahners |agency=Reprint}}
* {{cite journal | last=Hennessey | first=Raymond | date=June 29, 2001 | url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/398749299/ | title=Technology Firm's IPO Rises 12% | work=The Wall Street Journal | publisher=Dow Jones & Company | page=C14 | via=ProQuest}}
* {{cite journal | last=Hennessey | first=Raymond | date=June 29, 2001 | url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/398749299/ | title=Technology Firm's IPO Rises 12% | journal=The Wall Street Journal | publisher=Dow Jones & Company | page=C14 | via=ProQuest}}
* {{cite book | last1=Jacob | first1=Bruce | author2=Spencer W. Ng | author3=David T. Wang | ref={{sfnRef|Jacob|Spencer|Wang|2008}} | date=2008 | url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Cache_and_Memory_Hierarchy_Design/G-D6KFwnVsgC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%221T-SRAM%22&pg=PA330&printsec=frontcover | title=Memory Systems: Cache, DRAM, Disk | publisher=Elsevier Science | isbn=9780123797513 | via=Google Books}}
* {{cite journal | last=LaPedus | first=Mark | date=December 31, 2004 | url=https://www.eetimes.com/mosys-chairman-ceo-resigns-cites-health-problems/ | title=MoSys' chairman, CEO resigns, cites health problems | work=Electrical Engineering Times | publisher=AspenCore | archiveurl=http://archive.today/2022.10.18-065115/https://www.eetimes.com/mosys-chairman-ceo-resigns-cites-health-problems/ | archivedate=October 18, 2022}}
* {{cite journal | last=McLeod | first=Jonah | date=July 25, 1994 | url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A16058439/GPS?sid=wikipedia | title=Start-up company challenges 3-D graphics DRAM market | work=Electronics | publisher=Endeavor Business Media | volume=67 | issue=14 | page=5 | via=Gale}}
* {{cite journal | last=LaPedus | first=Mark | date=December 31, 2004 | url=https://www.eetimes.com/mosys-chairman-ceo-resigns-cites-health-problems/ | title=MoSys' chairman, CEO resigns, cites health problems | journal=Electrical Engineering Times | publisher=AspenCore | archiveurl=http://archive.today/2022.10.18-065115/https://www.eetimes.com/mosys-chairman-ceo-resigns-cites-health-problems/ | archivedate=October 18, 2022}}
* {{cite journal | last=Schroeder | first=Eric | date=July 25, 1994 | url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A16156048/GPS?sid=wikipedia | title=Startup Pushes New Architecture to Boost Memory | work=PC Week | publisher=Ziff-Davis | volume=11 | issue=29 | page=40 | via=Gale}}
* {{cite journal | last=McLeod | first=Jonah | date=July 25, 1994 | url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A16058439/GPS?sid=wikipedia | title=Start-up company challenges 3-D graphics DRAM market | journal=Electronics | publisher=Endeavor Business Media | volume=67 | issue=14 | page=5 | via=Gale}}
* {{cite journal | last=Staff writer | date=July 18, 1994 | url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A16180014/GPS?sid=wikipedia | title=IDT-backed MoSys to bare multibank DRAM scheme | work=Electronic News | publisher=Sage Publications | volume=40 | issue=2023 | pages=95 | via=Gale}}
* {{cite journal | last=Schroeder | first=Eric | date=July 25, 1994 | url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A16156048/GPS?sid=wikipedia | title=Startup Pushes New Architecture to Boost Memory | journal=PC Week | publisher=Ziff-Davis | volume=11 | issue=29 | page=40 | via=Gale}}
* {{cite journal | last=Staff writer | date=June 25, 2001 | url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/431768404/ | title=Equity Offerings Planned This Week | work=The New York Times | publisher=The New York Times Company | page=6 | via=ProQuest}}
* {{cite web | last=Shimpi | first=Anand Lal | date=December 7, 2001 | url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/858/4 | title=Hardware Behind the Consoles – Part II: Nintendo's GameCube | work=AnandTech | publisher=Future Publishing}}
* {{cite journal | last=Staff writer | date=July 18, 1994 | url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A16180014/GPS?sid=wikipedia | title=IDT-backed MoSys to bare multibank DRAM scheme | journal=Electronic News | publisher=Sage Publications | volume=40 | issue=2023 | pages=95 | via=Gale}}
* {{cite journal | last=Staff writer | date=June 25, 2001 | url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/431768404/ | title=Equity Offerings Planned This Week | journal=The New York Times | page=6 | via=ProQuest}}
* {{cite web | last=Staff writer | date=October 15, 2002 | url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/10/15/25-million-1t-sram-units-produced | title=25 Million 1T-SRAM Units Produced | work=IGN | publisher=Red Ventures | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421212609/https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/10/15/25-million-1t-sram-units-produced | archivedate=April 21, 2022}}
* {{cite web | last=Staff writer | date=October 15, 2002 | url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/10/15/25-million-1t-sram-units-produced | title=25 Million 1T-SRAM Units Produced | work=IGN | publisher=Red Ventures | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421212609/https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/10/15/25-million-1t-sram-units-produced | archivedate=April 21, 2022}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons cat|MoSys, Inc.}}
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981205230711/mosys.com|title=Official website|date=December 5, 1998}}


[[Category:1991 establishments in California]]
[[Category:1991 establishments in California]]
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[[Category:American companies established in 1991]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1991]]
[[Category:American companies disestablished in 2021]]
[[Category:American companies disestablished in 2021]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1991]]
[[Category:Defunct computer companies based in California]]
[[Category:American companies disestablished in 2021]]
[[Category:Defunct computer companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Defunct semiconductor companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Defunct computer hardware companies]]
[[Category:Computer memory companies]]
[[Category:Computer memory companies]]
[[Category:Fabless semiconductor companies]]
[[Category:Fabless semiconductor companies]]

Revision as of 12:17, 24 November 2022

MoSys, Inc.
FormerlyMonolithic System Technology (1991–2006)
Company typePublic
IndustrySemiconductor
FoundedSeptember 16, 1991; 32 years ago (1991-09-16) in San Jose, California
FounderFu-Chieh Hsu
DefunctDecember 20, 2021; 2 years ago (2021-12-20)
FateMerger with Peraso Technologies
Products
Websitewww.mosys.com

MoSys, Inc., originally Monolithic System Technology (MoST), was a fabless semiconductor design company founded in 1991. The company primarily designed memory chips and were especially known for their Multibank DRAM and 1T-SRAM technologies—the latter used on Nintendo's Wii and GameCube video game consoles.

History

MoSys was incorporated in San Jose, California, on September 16, 1991, as Monolithic System Technology.[1] The company was co-founded by Fu-Chieh Hsu, who also served as its chairman and president until December 2004.[2] Joined by Fu-Chieh were Wingyu Leung and Gary Banta, both vice presidents of design engineering. The initial design team staffed engineers poached from Integrated Device Technology, ISSI, Rambus, and Plus Logic. By 1994, the company had received $7.5 million in venture funding.[3]

The company's first major product was a specialized type of dynamic random-access memory that Monolithic termed Multibank DRAM (MDRAM).[3] The initial entry in this series of chips was a 4-Mb chip, composed of 16 cells of 16-bit-wide 16-kB memory; a simple interface on each of the cells connects them to a high-speed bus on the chip. On each leading edge and trailing edge of the chip-enable pulse, memory arrays output data onto the internal bus, achieving a 32-bit word on every pulse.[4] MDRAM secured design wins in July 1994 with Tseng Labs, Trident Microsystems, and S3 Inc. using the chips in their graphics accelerator cards. Access time was rated at 15 ns, compared to 60 ns of contemporary chips.[5] MDRAM required a proprietary interface and could not be adapted to the SIMM card standard for desktop computer memory of its day.[3] Volume production, handled by an outside fabricator, was achieved in late 1994.[6]

MoSys 1T-SRAM chip

In July 1998, Monolithic introduced a series of pipelined-burst static RAM chips for the notebook computer market.[7] In September 1998 they introduced 1T-SRAM, a pseudo-static random-access memory technology. Unlike true static RAM, 1T-SRAM is essentially dynamic RAM, which requires each memory cell to be refreshed constantly. However, 1T-SRAM pairs each bank of cells with true SRAM cache of the same capacity; when more than one read/write operation occurs within a bank, the on-chip memory controller redirects access to the cache, allowing the cells within the bank to be refreshed. All banks not involved in a given transaction are meanwhile refreshed in the background. This effectively achieves SRAM-like performance, without the need for wait states for every recharge cycle.[8] The 1T in 1T-SRAM stands for 1 transistor; in dynamic RAM, typically only one transistor–capacitor pair is needed to build one memory cell, while static RAM commonly requires six transistors.[9] The academics Bruce Jacob, Spencer W. Ng, David T. Wang, writing in the book Memory Systems (2008), called the name a misnomer: "[1-transistor static RAM] is not really possible, but it makes for a catchy name".[10]

In 1999, Nintendo signed a contract with MoSys to use 1T-SRAM in its codenamed Dolphin video game console,[11] later unveiled as the GameCube in 2001. Over 25 million units of 1T-SRAM were produced up to October 2002.[12] A newer version of 1T-SRAM, dubbed 1T-SRAM Classic, was patented and introduced in 2006.[13] Nintendo re-entered a contract with Monolithic to use it in the Wii, in 2006.[14]

The company began narrowing its chip sales in 1998, in favor of licensing its patents to other semiconductor memory companies.[15] In September 2000, Monolithic's board members voted to reincorporate the company in Delaware.[16] The company still operated within California, relocating its research office to nearby Sunnyvale by June 2001. The same month, the company filed its initial public offering, mediated through A. G. Edwards.[17] The company's stock rose 12 percent within the first day of its launch,[15] leading to a net proceed of $51 million for Monolithic.[16] The Wall Street Journal saw this as a rekindling of interest in technology companies in the stock market, which had fallen in the twilight of the dot-com bubble.[15]

In February 2004, Synopsys announced that it would acquire Monolithic for US$432 million.[18] However, a month later, Synopsys terminated their agreement to buy out Monolithic and paid the company a $10 million termination fee as part of the merger contract.[19] This came after Synopsys had switched the terms of their acquisition, proposing to Monolithic a $13.50-per-share all-cash offer, incurring a very high premium. Monolithic followed with a lawsuit in Delaware courts seeking to force Synopsys to finish their acquisition. Monolithic dropped the suit in July 2004 without payment or liability. In late December 2004, following ill-health and a tough year for the company, chairman Fu-Chieh resigned from Monolithic, with chief financial officer Mark Voll taking the mantle.[2]

Monolithic had, by the end of 2005, 76 full-time employees—25 executives in Delaware and 51 engineers in the company's research and development lab in Sunnyvale. In May 2006, the company formally renamed themselves to MoSys.[13]

By the late 2010s MoSys had pivoted to designing chips for security, telecommunications, and datacenters. In December 2021, they merged with Peraso Technologies, a designer of mmWave semiconductor, to emerge as Peraso Inc.[20]

Citations

References

  • AccessWire (December 20, 2021). "MoSys and Peraso Technologies Close Business Combination". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on October 18, 2022.
  • Ascierto, Jerry (April 19, 1999). "MoSys Aims SRAMs at Low End". Electronic News. 45 (16). Sage Publications: 16 – via Gale.
  • Bailey, Brian; Kathy Werner (2007). Intellectual Property for Electronic Systems: An Essential Introduction. Professional Education International. ISBN 9781931695572 – via Google Books.
  • Block, Gerry (June 19, 2006). "NEC and MoSys Announce Wii Hardware Partnerships". IGN. Red Ventures. Archived from the original on May 8, 2022.
  • Bloomberg L.P. (February 24, 2004). "Synopsys Acquisitions". The New York Times: 10. Archived from the original on August 21, 2020.
  • Clarke, Peter; Yoshiko Hara (September 3, 1999). "Nintendo to use Mosys' 1-transistor SRAM". Electrical Engineering Times. AspenCore. Archived from the original on October 18, 2022.
  • Crothers, Brooke (July 18, 1994). "DRAM chip for video announced". InfoWorld. 16 (29). IDG Publications: 32 – via Google Books.
  • Glaskowsky, Peter N. (September 13, 1999). "MoSys Explains 1T-SRAM Technology: Unique Architecture Hides Refresh, Makes DRAM Work Like SRAM" (PDF). Microprocessor Report. 13 (12). Cahners: 23–24. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
  • Hennessey, Raymond (June 29, 2001). "Technology Firm's IPO Rises 12%". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company: C14 – via ProQuest.
  • Jacob, Bruce; Spencer W. Ng; David T. Wang (2008). Memory Systems: Cache, DRAM, Disk. Elsevier Science. ISBN 9780123797513 – via Google Books.
  • LaPedus, Mark (December 31, 2004). "MoSys' chairman, CEO resigns, cites health problems". Electrical Engineering Times. AspenCore. Archived from the original on October 18, 2022.
  • McLeod, Jonah (July 25, 1994). "Start-up company challenges 3-D graphics DRAM market". Electronics. 67 (14). Endeavor Business Media: 5 – via Gale.
  • Schroeder, Eric (July 25, 1994). "Startup Pushes New Architecture to Boost Memory". PC Week. 11 (29). Ziff-Davis: 40 – via Gale.
  • Shimpi, Anand Lal (December 7, 2001). "Hardware Behind the Consoles – Part II: Nintendo's GameCube". AnandTech. Future Publishing.
  • Staff writer (July 18, 1994). "IDT-backed MoSys to bare multibank DRAM scheme". Electronic News. 40 (2023). Sage Publications: 95 – via Gale.
  • Staff writer (June 25, 2001). "Equity Offerings Planned This Week". The New York Times: 6 – via ProQuest.
  • Staff writer (October 15, 2002). "25 Million 1T-SRAM Units Produced". IGN. Red Ventures. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022.

External links