Motilla del Azuer: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 39°02′35.91″N 3°29′50.59″W / 39.0433083°N 3.4973861°W / 39.0433083; -3.4973861
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The '''Motilla del Azuer''' is a prehistoric fortification dating from the [[Bronze Age]] in the municipality of [[Daimiel]], in the [[Province of Ciudad Real]], [[Castilla–La Mancha]], [[Spain]].
The '''Motilla del Azuer''' is a prehistoric fortification dating from the [[Bronze Age]] in the municipality of [[Daimiel]], in the [[Province of Ciudad Real]], [[Castilla–La Mancha]], [[Spain]].


Extensive field work was carried out in 2005.<ref name=Molina>F. Molina et al., [http://www.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/aranda306/ "Recent fieldwork at the Bronze Age fortified site of Motilla del Azuer (Daimiel, Spain)"] Antiquity Journal, December 2005</ref> On 20 June 2013 the site was declared a "Bien de Interés Cultural" (asset of cultural interest) to [[archaeology]].<ref name=Aa>"Acuerdo de aprobación, Motilla del Azuer, localizada en Daimiel (Ciudad Real)" in ''Diario Oficial de Castilla-La Mancha'' (Official Gazette of Castilla-La Mancha), Issue nº 127, 3 July 2013, declaring Motilla del Azuer to be a "Bien de Interés Cultural, con categoría de Zona Arqueológica"</ref>
Extensive field work was carried out in 2005.<ref name=Molina>F. Molina et al., [http://www.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/aranda306/ "Recent fieldwork at the Bronze Age fortified site of Motilla del Azuer (Daimiel, Spain)"] Antiquity Journal, December 2005</ref> On 20 June 2013 the site was declared a "[[Bien de Interés Cultural]]" (asset of cultural interest) to [[archaeology]].<ref name=Aa>"Acuerdo de aprobación, Motilla del Azuer, localizada en Daimiel (Ciudad Real)" in ''Diario Oficial de Castilla-La Mancha'' (Official Gazette of Castilla-La Mancha), Issue nº 127, 3 July 2013, declaring Motilla del Azuer to be a "Bien de Interés Cultural, con categoría de Zona Arqueológica"</ref>


==Context==
==Context==

Revision as of 05:01, 9 November 2022

Motilla del Azuer
Overhead view in August 2016
Motilla del Azuer is located in Spain
Motilla del Azuer
Shown within Spain
LocationDaimiel, in the Province of Ciudad Real, Spain
RegionCastilla–La Mancha
Coordinates39°02′35.91″N 3°29′50.59″W / 39.0433083°N 3.4973861°W / 39.0433083; -3.4973861
History
FoundedBronze Age
Site notes
Public accessOpen to the public
Invalid designation
Designated20 June 2013

The Motilla del Azuer is a prehistoric fortification dating from the Bronze Age in the municipality of Daimiel, in the Province of Ciudad Real, Castilla–La Mancha, Spain.

Extensive field work was carried out in 2005.[1] On 20 June 2013 the site was declared a "Bien de Interés Cultural" (asset of cultural interest) to archaeology.[2]

Context

Archeological dig in August 2021

The artificial mounds known as Motillas are the remains of one of the most unusual types of prehistoric settlement on the Iberian Peninsula. They are found in the La Mancha region and date from the Bronze Age, between about 2200 and 1500 BC. The mounds are between four and ten metres high and were originally fortifications with a central plan and several concentric lines of walls. They are found around the La Mancha plain, generally some four to five kilometers apart, in an area of river plains and depressed areas where, until recent times, there were many lagoons and marshes. The special characteristic of this site and the the massiveness of its fortifications, with masonry walls more than eight meters high, make the Azuer settlement one of the most notable Bronze Age survivals of the Iberian Peninsula.[1][3]

During the Bronze Age, these fortified settlements played an important role in the management and control of local economies. Inside the walls was a water supply from a well, large-scale storage and processing of cereals, the housing of livestock, and the production of ceramics. Other handicrafts were also carried out.[1][3]

Description

View of the complex in 2017

The mound at Azuer has a diameter of about forty metres. On it stand a tower, three concentric lines of walls, and a large courtyard. The central core is a masonry tower with a square floor plan, the east and west walls of which still stand more than ten metres high. Entrance to the interior is by ramps within narrow masonry corridors.[1][3]

Within the walls are large spaces, a patio and two large enclosures separated by an intermediate wall. Inside the patio, which has a trapezoidal plan, is a well which goes down through the alluvial terrace to the water table. This was in use throughout the occupation of the site and currently reaches to a depth of at least sixteen metres.[1][3]

The intermediate enclosure occupies the western half of the fortification, between the intermediate wall and the outer face of a corridor surrounding the tower. The function of this enclosure changed during the different phases of occupation of the site, being sometimes used as a stabling area for sheep, goats, and pigs, and sometimes as a warehouse for barley and wheat. It has rectangular silos built of masonry and mud, a system replaced by storage in large vases and esparto baskets in the later phases of occupation.[1][3]

The outermost line of walls are of great interest, as there has been a collapse inwards, raising questions about the dynamics and constructive systems of the site. Inside the enclosure between the outer and intermediate walls, there are many circular or oval ovens, with masonry plinths and vaulted clay covers, as well as rectangular silos for grain, which were built throughout the occupation of the site.[1][3]

The outermost circular wall has in its last phase of construction a cyclopean face of limestone blocks. Access to the interior of the fortification from the settlement area was through corridors parallel to the walls. The living area was located outside the walls, within a radius of about fifty meters. The houses have an oval or rectangular floor plan, with masonry plinths, clay elevations, and embedded posts. Associated with the houses are large open areas of storage and work space, with a high concentration of pits and remains of fireplaces or ovens, and areas of middens.[1][3]

Cemetery

There is also a cemetery at the site, covering most of the area of ​​the settlement, following a common pattern in most peninsular cultures of the Bronze Age. The dead were buried in a crouching position, inside simple graves or graves lined with masonry walls or slabs, sometimes attached to the walls of the houses or to the outer defensive walls. Some children were buried in pots. Few grave goods have been found, apart from the exceptional cases of adults buried with ceramic vessels. Such finds include a dagger with arsenical bronze rivets and a punch of the same metal.[3][1]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i F. Molina et al., "Recent fieldwork at the Bronze Age fortified site of Motilla del Azuer (Daimiel, Spain)" Antiquity Journal, December 2005
  2. ^ "Acuerdo de aprobación, Motilla del Azuer, localizada en Daimiel (Ciudad Real)" in Diario Oficial de Castilla-La Mancha (Official Gazette of Castilla-La Mancha), Issue nº 127, 3 July 2013, declaring Motilla del Azuer to be a "Bien de Interés Cultural, con categoría de Zona Arqueológica"
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Fundación Dalpa, "Patrimonio de Castilla la Mancha, La Motilla del Azuer: la Edad de Bronce en la Mancha", Memoria Historia XVII (2009), 93-96

External links