1992 South Korean presidential election

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1992 South Korean presidential election

← 1987 18 December 1992 1997 →
Turnout81.89% (Decrease7.26pp)
 
Nominee Kim Young-sam Kim Dae-jung
Party Democratic Liberal Democratic
Popular vote 9,977,332 8,041,284
Percentage 41.96% 33.82%

 
Nominee Chung Ju-yung Park Chan-jong
Party Unification National New Political Reform
Popular vote 3,880,067 1,516,047
Percentage 16.32% 6.38%

Results by provincial-level divisions

President before election

Roh Tae-woo
Independent

Elected President

Kim Young-sam
Democratic Liberal

Presidential elections were held in South Korea on 18 December 1992, the second democratic presidential elections since the end of military rule in 1987. Voter turnout was 81.9%.[1]

In the first regular presidential election with no military candidates since 1960, Kim Young-sam of the ruling Democratic Liberal Party won with 41 percent of the vote.

Background[edit]

On 22 January 1990 two opposition leaders Kim Young-sam and Kim Jong-pil merged their parties into the ruling party Democratic Justice Party to form the Democratic Liberal Party, led by President Roh Tae-woo. Before they merged, Roh's party did not have a majority in the National Assembly. After they merged, they had over a two-thirds majority, which could pass bills without any obstruction from the opposition. Roh could not run for re-election due to the constitution limiting the president to a single five-year term.

Kim Dae-jung, an opponent in the 1987 election who finished third behind Kim Young-sam and Roh Tae-woo ran again in 1992. Hyundai businessman Chung Ju-yung also ran in the election.

Nominations[edit]

Democratic Liberal Party[edit]

The Democratic Liberal Party national convention was held on 19 May at the Olympic Gymnastics Arena. Nine-term lawmaker from Busan Kim Young-sam won the nomination, defeating four-term lawmaker from Seoul Lee Jong-chan, who did not concede and ran as a third party candidate. Lee Jong-chan withdrew his campaign and endorsed RNP nominee Chung Ju-yung in December.[2]

3,331 delegates needed to win
Candidate Delegates %
Kim Young-sam 4,418 66.34
Lee Jong-chan 2,214 33.24
Invalid/blank votes 28 0.42
Total 6,660 100%
Abstentions 222 3.23

Democratic Party[edit]

The Democratic National Convention was held from 25 to 26 May at the Olympic Fencing Gymnasium. At the convention, Kim Dae-jung, 6-term lawmaker from South Jeolla, defeated Lee Ki-taek, 7-term lawmaker from Busan, and won the nomination.

Of 2,426 delegates present at the convention, 1,443 had been from Kim's faction and only 983 from Lee's, so Kim was thought as the presumptive nominee even before the convention began.[3]

1,170 delegates needed to win
Candidate Delegates %
Kim Dae-jung 1,413 60.18
Lee Ki-taek 925 39.40
Invalid/blank votes 10 0.43
Total 2,338 100%

Unification National Party[edit]

At the UNP National Convention held on 15 May at the KOEX in Seoul, Chung Ju-yung was nominated for president by a yay-nay rising vote.[4]

Rising Vote
Candidate Delegates %
For Chung Ju-yung 1,727 99.37
Against 7 0.40
Abstention 4 0.23

Results[edit]

The right-wing conservative Democratic Liberal Party presidential candidate Kim Young-Sam won the presidential election, defeating opposition Democratic Party leader Kim Dae-Jung, marking the third time he had lost a presidential election. Kim later announced his retirement from politics.

The conservative ruling party won the election continued to govern until 1997 when Kim Dae-Jung won the next presidential election.

CandidatePartyVotes%
Kim Young-samDemocratic Liberal Party9,977,33241.96
Kim Dae-jungDemocratic Party8,041,28433.82
Chung Ju-yungUnification National Party3,880,06716.32
Park Chan-jongNew Political Reform Party1,516,0476.38
Baek Gi-WanIndependent238,6481.00
Kim Ok-sunIndependent86,2920.36
Lee Byeong-hoKorean Justice Party35,7390.15
Total23,775,409100.00
Valid votes23,775,40998.67
Invalid/blank votes319,7611.33
Total votes24,095,170100.00
Registered voters/turnout29,422,65881.89
Source: Nohlen et al.

By region[edit]

Region Kim Young-sam Kim Dae-jung Chung Ju-yung Park Chan-jong Baek Gi-wan Kim Ok-sun Lee Byeong-ho
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
Seoul 2,167,298 36.41 2,246,636 37.75 1,070,629 17.99 381,535 6.41 67,784 1.14 13,098 0.22 4,797 0.08
Busan 1,551,473 73.34 265,055 12.53 133,907 6.33 139,004 6.57 21,736 1.03 3,236 0.15 978 0.05
Daegu 690,245 59.60 90,641 7.83 224,642 19.40 136,037 11.75 12,772 1.10 2,753 0.24 1,103 0.10
Incheon 397,361 37.27 338,538 31.75 228,505 21.43 84,211 7.90 12,455 1.17 3,867 0.36 1,351 0.13
Gwangju 14,504 2.13 652,337 95.85 8,085 1.19 2,827 0.42 1,565 0.23 1,149 0.17 133 0.02
Daejeon 202,137 35.19 165,067 28.74 133,646 23.27 64,526 11.23 5,772 1.00 2,294 0.40 961 0.17
Gyeonggi 1,254,025 36.33 1,103,498 31.97 798,356 23.13 239,140 6.93 36,392 1.05 13,685 0.40 6,299 0.18
Gangwon 340,528 41.51 127,265 15.52 279,610 34.09 56,199 6.85 9,599 1.17 4,007 0.49 3,047 0.37
North Chungcheong 281,678 38.26 191,743 26.05 175,767 23.88 68,900 9.36 8,671 1.18 4,568 0.62 4,844 0.66
South Chungcheong 351,789 36.94 271,921 28.55 240,400 25.24 64,117 6.73 10,185 1.07 9,899 1.04 4,143 0.43
North Jeolla 63,175 5.68 991,483 89.13 35,923 3.23 9,320 0.84 4,232 0.38 7,130 0.64 1,087 0.10
South Jeolla 53,360 4.20 1,170,398 92.16 26,686 2.10 7,210 0.57 3,311 0.26 8,010 0.63 1,048 0.08
North Gyeongsang 991,424 64.73 147,440 9.63 240,646 15.71 124,858 8.15 17,664 1.15 6,240 0.41 3,365 0.22
South Gyeongsang 1,514,043 72.32 193,373 9.24 241,135 11.52 115,086 5.50 22,863 1.09 5,070 0.24 2,020 0.10
Jeju 104,292 39.98 85,889 32.92 42,130 16.15 23,077 8.85 3,647 1.40 1,286 0.49 563 0.22
Total 9,977,332 41.96 8,041,284 33.82 3,880,067 16.32 1,516,047 6.38 238,648 1.00 86,292 0.36 35,729 0.15
Source: National Election Committee

References[edit]

  1. ^ Croissant, Aurel. "Electoral Politics in South Korea" (PDF). Friedrich Ebert Foundation. p. 266.
  2. ^ 엄기영,백지연 (19 May 1992). "민자당 차기 대통령후보로 김영삼후보 결정[엄기영]". imnews.imbc.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  3. ^ "김대중후보 60.2% 득표, 이기택대표는 39.4% 얻어". Maeil Business Newspaper (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  4. ^ 엄기영,백지연 (15 May 1992). "국민당 정주영 후보, 만장일치로 대통령 후보에 선출[조동엽]". imnews.imbc.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-04-24.