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2025 Taiwan Exercise

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“"Channel Thunder-2025A" exercise
Part of Cross-strait relations
DateApril 1, 2025 (2025-04-01)-April 2, 2025 (2025-04-02)
Location
Taiwan Strait、South China Sea、Bashi Channel, Philippine Sea, East China Sea, and the areas around Kinmen Island, Matsu Islands, Wuqiu, Kinmen, Matsu Islands, and Dongyin
Conflicting Party
Military Exercises and Operations
 People's Republic of China
（Chinese mainland)
Alert Party
 Republic of China
（Taiwan)

The 2025 Taiwan Exercise is a military exercise organized by the Eastern Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army of China from April 1–2, 2025, involving the command's land, sea, air, and rocket forces. The exercise was conducted in the vicinity of the Matsu Islands and the main island of Taiwan. The drill on April 2, held in the central and southern parts of the Taiwan Strait, was code-named "Strait Thunder–2025A".

Background

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On February 26, 2025, shortly before the exercise, the People's Liberation Army Navy conducted an unannounced exercise off the coast of Kaohsiung and Pingtung. The exercise included live-fire drills. At least 32 aircraft and several warships participated in the exercise, of which 22 crossed the Taiwan Strait Median Line and its extension, entering the airspace north and Geography of Taiwan. This exercise was not announced in advance, and the code name of the operation was not made public. It was widely regarded as a simulated surprise attack. The Republic of China's navy, army, and air force were placed on alert. The next day, the Premier of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China, Cho Jung-tai, expressed hope that mainland China would exercise restraint in such actions, and instructed the armed forces to remain vigilant against various developments in the surrounding areas. The Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of China also condemned the PLA's behavior.[1].On the same day, Senior Colonel Wu Qian, Director of the Information Bureau of the Ministry of National Defense and spokesman for the Ministry of National Defense, criticized the US attempt to "use Taiwan to contain China" and the Taiwan Democratic Progressive Party authorities' attempt to "rely on the US to seek independence" and "resist unification by force" at a regular press conference when answering questions about the recent Taiwan military "Han Kuang Exercise" exercise. He said to the Taiwan side, "Trying to stop a chariot with a mantis arm will only lead to its own destruction. Sooner or later, we will come to take you away[2]."

On March 13, President Lai Ching-te of the Republic of China delivered a speech after a national security meeting held on the eve of the 20th anniversary of the Anti-Secession Law. In addition to proposing 17 response strategies for the national security and united front threats facing Taiwan, he also called China a "foreign hostile forces" as defined by the Anti-Infiltration Law[3].

On April 1, Minister of National Defense of the Republic of China Gu Lixiong stated that since March 29, the dynamics of the aircraft carrier Shandong formation and other aircraft and ships have been gradually grasped, and yesterday (March 31) they entered the national army's "response zone", indicating that the People's Liberation Army had begun preparing for military operations since the end of March[4].

Military Exercise Process

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April 1

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On April 1, Zhu Anqing, spokesperson for the East China Sea Branch of the China Coast Guard, stated that multiple Coast Guard fleets organized law enforcement patrols in the waters around Taiwan, and conducted exercises on spot inspections, arrests, interception, and detention[5]. The Fujian Coast Guard organized a fleet of ships to conduct comprehensive law enforcement patrols in the waters near Dongyin Island and Wuqiu Island.[6][7]

On the morning of April 1, the Eastern Theater Command Media Center released three posters in Traditional Chinese characters, with themes such as "Advance," "Deterrence and Closure," and "Destruction and Paralysis".[8],as well as an animation titled "Shell," which showed how Lai Ching-te used "peace," "freedom," "democracy," and "prosperity" as a cover to "de-Chiangize" his country, formulate the "17 National Security Regulations" of "green terror" to persecute political opponents (such as Ko Wen-je and Kao An-kuo), and increase military purchases and rely on the United States to seek "independence" in order to sell out Taiwan. In the animation, Lai Ching-te was drawn up as a worm roasted on fire. This was the first time since Chiang Kai-shek that the Chinese Communist Party had vilified a major Taiwanese leader.[9] On the same day, the Eastern Theater Command released an animation titled "Exorcising Demons and Demons", which used material from the popular 2024 game Black Myth: Wukong. The video showed Taipei 101 and Hankou Street, as well as satellite positioning locked on Taiwan, and simulated missile attacks on Zhongzheng District in Taipei City, where the Presidential Palace of the Republic of China is located. This was the first time that the People's Liberation Army had clearly released its attack target.[10] However, Taiwan media outlet China Times believed that the video had a stronger flavor of "internal propaganda".[11]The exercise video released by the official media showed for the first time the so-called H-6K bomber carrying the Eagle Strike 21 anti-ship missile,[12] which is considered to be able to effectively prevent US military intervention.[13] According to data from the Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of China, on that day, at least 76 PLA military aircraft (37 of which crossed the median line of the Taiwan Strait) and 15 warships and 4 government ships approached Taiwan.[14]

April 2

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Just when the outside world generally believed that this was a sudden, unannounced, and code-named military exercise like the one in February 2024.[15] On April 2, the second day of the exercise, the Eastern Theater Command officially announced the code name of this exercise, "Strait Thunder-2025A.". However, the exercise started on April 2 and the scope of the exercise only included "relevant waters in the central and southern parts of the Taiwan Strait". The training subjects were "verification and identification, warning and expulsion, interception and detention, etc.", which was different from the time, scope and subjects announced previously. It can be seen that "Strait Thunder" was not the code name of the entire exercise, and the exercise on April 1 did not fall into the category of "Strait Thunder".[16]

On April 2, the Eastern Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army conducted a long-range live-fire exercise in the relevant waters of the East China Sea in accordance with the exercise plan, striking simulated targets such as important ports and energy facilities[17].The Shandong aircraft carrier formation was in the sea and air space east of Taiwan Island, conducting exercises with naval and air force forces on subjects such as ship-aircraft coordination, regional air control, and sea and land strikes.[18] Zhang Chi, a professor at the National Defense University (China) of the People's Liberation Army National Defense University (China), said that the Shandong aircraft carrier formation's participation in the exercise showed that the PLA's ability to respond quickly, strike with precision, and coordinate systems is constantly improving. The presence of the aircraft carrier fleet in the area east of Taiwan helps to militarily block the lifeline of energy resource imports, the support line for obtaining foreign aid, and the escape line for evading sanctions for the "Taiwan independence" forces.[19]Later, the Eastern Theater Command (China) simulated the use of PHL-16 to attack the Yong'an LNG Terminal in Kaohsiung[20]. As a result, the trajectory of the cargo ship Ebisu transporting natural gas to the Taichung LNG Terminal was suspected to be affected by the exercise. The Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Republic of China clarified this.[21] However, it is certain that the Eastern Theater Command has listed the energy facilities of the Republic of China as priority targets for destruction.[22] In addition, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) also conducted long-range live-fire exercises in the East China Sea.[23]The Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of China stated that on that day, at least 59 PLA aircraft (31 of which crossed the Median line of the Taiwan Strait|median line of the strait and entered the northern, central, southwestern, and eastern airspace) and 23 warships approached Taiwan.[24]The images released by the Coast Guard Administration (Taiwan) at a press conference confirmed that the China Coast Guard Ship 2305 entered the 24-nautical-mile zone adjacent to Taiwan Island.[25] Yuyuan Tantian, a media outlet affiliated with China Central Radio and Television, said that the closest distance of the drill with Taiwan was less than 20 nautical miles.[26]

On April 2, the Eastern Theater Command released a poster titled “Lockdown”.[27][28]. The official account of the People’s Liberation Army News and Communication Center, “Jun Zhengping Studio”, published a commentary titled “Taiwan independence means war, don’t say I didn’t warn you”.[29]. The China Coast Guard released a themed video titled “Clean Sea” on law enforcement and control around Taiwan Island.[30].

Taiwan current affairs commentator Julian Kuo analyzed that because the United States is busy launching a tariff war and dealing with the Russo-Ukrainian War, and Xi Jinping will visit Russia on May 9 and attend the Victory Day commemoration activities, there is not enough time to create a big event, so this military exercise is more like a compromise.[31] The final move is expected to be on May 20, one year after Lai Ching-te's inauguration. At that time, Lai Ching-te may make remarks similar to "the two sides of the Taiwan Strait are not subordinate to each other" and "hostile forces abroad", and the People's Liberation Army will once again launch a partial blockade of Taiwan[32].

April 3

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On April 3, the People's Liberation Army Daily published a commentary signed by “Jun Sheng” entitled “Separatist provocations will be severely punished, and the reunification of the motherland will surely be realized”, directly calling Lai Ching-te a “trouble maker”, “danger maker”, and “war maker”[33]; the People's Daily published a commentary signed by “Zhong Yiping” entitled “Resolutely punish Lai Ching-te and do our utmost to defend peace in the Taiwan Strait”, stating that “every time the Lai Ching-te administration provokes, military deterrence will be further advanced”.[34].

At 6:47 a.m. on April 3, a U.S. Navy P-8 Poseidon maritime patrol aircraft was warned by a People's Liberation Army Navy warship when it flew over the airspace near the waters off the Hengchun Peninsula in Pingtung County, Taiwan, saying: “You have entered the 24-nautical-mile contiguous zone of China Taiwan, adjust your route and leave.” The crew of the P-8 Poseidon responded: “We are conducting a legitimate military operation in international airspace.”[35].

Reactions

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 China

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 Republic of China (Taiwan)

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  • Minister Gu Lixiong said that the national army is paying attention to relevant developments at any time. A response center has been established at 9 am on April 1. The situation will be fully understood and the response mechanism has been activated to respond appropriately. The Ministry of National Defense pointed out that from 6 am on March 31 to 6 am on the 1st, 19 ships were detected to have continued to operate around the Taiwan Strait, and released videos and photos of the ROCS Su Ao, Tian Dan ship, F-16AM/BM Block 20 fighter taking pictures of the Shandong ship, Yinchuan ship and other ships. Gu Lixiong also pointed out that the People's Liberation Army has related corruption problems and should solve internal problems instead of creating actions that undermine the peace status quo in the region.[43]
  • Liang Wenjie, vice chairman of the Mainland Affairs Council of the Republic of China, strongly condemned the CCP's joint exercises with Taiwan, which seriously undermined the peace and stability of the Taiwan Strait and the region, and continued military intimidation against Taiwan, confirming that the CCP is a "hostile foreign force."
  • Kuomintang Chairman Eric Chu strongly condemned the military exercises against Taiwan when he presided over the Central Standing Committee Meeting on April 2. He emphasized that the two sides of the Taiwan Strait share the same culture and should maintain peace. All the military actions and exercises recently carried out by the PLA have not only not helped the cross-strait relations, but also seriously damaged the feelings of the people, and have not helped the stability of the region. The Kuomintang's position is firmly opposed to any disruption of regional balance and any impact on cross-strait peace. He also condemned the Democratic Progressive Party's behavior of forgetting its ancestors, excluding dissidents, relying on American forces, and undermining cross-strait peace and harmony on the occasion of the upcoming Qingming Festival.[44]

 United States,  Japan,  Republic of Korea

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G7+ European Union

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 United States

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 Japan

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  • On April 1, Japan's Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshimasa Hayashi stated that the Japanese government is highly concerned about the People's Liberation Army's recent military exercises and is actively collecting and analyzing intelligence. Japan has also conveyed its concerns to China. The peace and stability of the Taiwan Strait is extremely important to the international community, including Japan. Due to the frequent military activities around Taiwan by China in recent years, the Japanese government has increased vigilance and surveillance over the surrounding seas and airspace of Japan, making thorough preparations.[54]

 European Union

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  • A spokesperson for the European External Action Service (EEAS) issued a statement saying that China's large-scale military exercises around Taiwan are escalating tensions across the Taiwan Strait. The peace and stability of the Taiwan Strait hold strategic significance for both regional and global security and prosperity. The European Union has a direct interest in maintaining the Status quo in the Taiwan Strait. The EU opposes any unilateral actions to change the status quo through force or coercion. The EU calls on all parties to exercise restraint and avoid actions that could further escalate tensions, emphasizing that these issues should be resolved through cross-strait dialogue.[55][56]
  • On April 2, the European Parliament adopted a resolution as part of its assessment report on the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the European Union. The resolution contains multiple condemnations of China’s coercive actions in the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea. It also criticizes Chinese President Xi Jinping for refusing to renounce the use of force against Taiwan. The resolution emphasizes that “achieving unification through coercive measures” violates International law.[57]

 Germany

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  • At a Federal Press Conference (Germany)|German federal press conference, German Federal Foreign Office spokesperson Kathrin Deschauer responded that Germany is very concerned and is closely monitoring the situation. This pertains to a new large-scale military exercise conducted by the People’s Liberation Army and the China Coast Guard around Taiwan. She stated that such exercises, especially those announced with little notice, increase tensions in the region and certainly affect the stability of the Taiwan Strait.[58]Germany's objective is to maintain peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait, which holds strategic significance not only for Europe, but also beyond the region. This concerns international security and prosperity, which directly affects both Germany’s and Europe’s interests. Therefore, Germany has a direct interest in preserving the status quo in the Taiwan Strait. Any changes in the Taiwan Strait must come through peaceful means and mutual agreement. Germany expects the People's Republic of China to act as a responsible international actor, rather than taking actions that further increase tensions and destabilize regional peace.
  • The German Federal Foreign Office also issued a statement on the social media platform X, expressing concern over the rising tensions caused by China’s military exercises around Taiwan. The statement emphasized that the stability of the Taiwan Strait is crucial for both regional and global security, and it also affects Europe’s prosperity. It reiterated that the Status quo can only be changed through peaceful means and mutual agreement, not by force or coercion.[59]

 United Kingdom

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  • The UK reaffirmed its clear interest in the peace and stability of the Taiwan Strait, emphasizing that it is essential for global prosperity. The UK also reiterated its support for a Free and Open Indo-Pacific. The statement stressed that the Taiwan issue should be resolved peacefully through constructive dialogue between the people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, free from threats, force, or coercion.[61]

 Canada

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  • Global Affairs Canada issued a statement on the social media platforms X and Facebook, expressing deep concern over China's recent military exercises near Taiwan. The statement noted that these provocative actions have escalated tensions, undermined regional stability, and impacted global security and prosperity.Canada called on China to resolve cross-strait differences through peaceful means, emphasizing the importance of dialogue over confrontation.[62]

 Sweden

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  • Swedish Minister for Defence Pål Jonson responded in writing to a parliamentary inquiry, stating that China's actions toward Taiwan are concerning and that military threats are unacceptable. He emphasized that differences across the Taiwan Strait must be resolved peacefully and with respect for the will of the people of Taiwan.Jonson further stated that it is in Sweden’s interest to help prevent states with military power from undermining the rules-based international order and violating international norms and regulations. He noted that Sweden is in dialogue with its NATO allies on how NATO can strengthen collective defense in the Euro-Atlantic area, which falls within NATO’s area of responsibility.In addition, Sweden maintains strong bilateral cooperation with partners in the Indo-Pacific region and is working within the frameworks of the European Union and NATO to enhance defense policy cooperation with those regional partners.[63]

 Australia

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  • The Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade issued a statement expressing deep concern over China's military and coast guard exercises near Taiwan. Australia strongly opposes actions that increase the risk of accidents, miscalculation, and escalation. As previously stated, these military drills are disproportionate and destabilizing.Disputes should be resolved through dialogue, not through threats, the use of force, or coercion. Australia does not want to see any unilateral changes to the status quo across the Taiwan Strait. Peace and stability across the Strait are in the interest of all.Australian officials have raised their concerns directly with their Chinese counterparts.[64]

 Philippines

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Reference

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  43. ^ 自由時報電子報 (April 2025). "中國今年第二次對台突襲軍演 國軍監視影像曝光" [China's second surprise military exercise against Taiwan this year, military surveillance footage exposed]. 自由時報電子報.
  44. ^ "朱主席:兩岸同文同種就應和平 嚴正譴責中共對台軍演 - 中國國民黨全球資訊網 KMT Official Website" [Chairman Zhu: The two sides of the Taiwan Strait share the same culture and race, so peace should prevail. We strongly condemn the CCP's military exercises against Taiwan.]. 中國國民黨全球資訊網. Retrieved 2025-06-12.
  45. ^ "Joint Statement on the Trilateral – United States, Japan, Republic of Korea – Meeting in Brussels". United States Department of State. Retrieved 2025-06-12.
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  48. ^ Cheung, Simone McCarthy, Nectar Gan, Eric (2025-04-01). "China launches military drills from 'multiple directions' around Taiwan, testing US resolve". CNN. Retrieved 2025-06-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  49. ^ "Response to China's Military Exercise Near Taiwan". United States Department of State. Retrieved 2025-06-12.
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  51. ^ 自由時報電子報 (2025-04-02). "中國無預警軍演 白宮發聲：川普強調台海和平重要 - 政治 - 自由時報電子報" [China conducts military exercise without warning, White House speaks out: Trump emphasizes the importance of peace in the Taiwan Strait]. 自由時報電子報 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Archived from the original on 2025-04-02. Retrieved 2025-06-12.
  52. ^ 李培睿 (2025-04-01). "解放軍圍台軍演！AIT重大發聲：持續支持台灣" [PLA conducts military exercises around Taiwan! AIT makes important statement: Continue to support Taiwan]. 中天新聞網 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2025-06-12.
  53. ^ 中央通訊社 (2025-03-31). "美國防顧問：台無法維持GDP10%軍費 應與美同達3.4%" [US defense adviser: Taiwan cannot maintain 10% of GDP military spending, should reach 3.4% like the US]. 中央社 CNA (in Chinese). Retrieved 2025-06-12.
  54. ^ "美歐日相繼批評環台軍演 中：外部勢力無權說三道四" [The United States, Europe and Japan have successively criticized the military exercises around Taiwan. China: External forces have no right to make irresponsible remarks]. 中央社 CNA (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2025-04-04. Retrieved 2025-06-12.
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  57. ^ 中央通訊社 (2025-04-02). "歐洲議會通過外交及防衛報告 譴責中國對台脅迫" [European Parliament adopts foreign affairs and defense report condemning China's coercion of Taiwan]. 中央社 CNA (in Chinese). Retrieved 2025-06-12.
  58. ^ 中央通訊社 (2025-04-02). "歐洲議會通過外交及防衛報告 譴責中國對台脅迫" [European Parliament adopts foreign affairs and defense report condemning China's coercion of Taiwan]. 中央社 CNA (in Chinese). Retrieved 2025-06-12.
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  62. ^ 聯合新聞網. "加拿大關注中共對台軍演 稱破壞區域穩定" [加拿大關注中共對台軍演 稱破壞區域穩定]. 聯合新聞網 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2025-06-12.
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  64. ^ "Statement on Australia's response to recent PLA exercises around Taiwan". 2025-04-03.
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