Al-Farooq (title)
 Arabic Calligraphic representation of Al-Farooq | |
| Pronunciation | Al-Farooq (Arabic: فاروق), Farouk, Faruqi, Farook, Faruk, Faroeq, Faruq, Farouq, Farooqi, Farooqui, Fārūq |
|---|---|
| Gender | Male |
| Language(s) | Arabic |
| Origin | |
| Meaning | The one who distinguishes right from wrong. |
| Region of origin | Arabia (Middle East) |
Al-Farooq (Arabic: الفاروق, "distinguisher") is the title given to one who distinguishes right from wrong.[1] Sunni Muslims use the title Al-Farooq for Umar, while Shia Muslims believe it is a title reserved exclusively for Ali , and that the Prophet Muhammad gave him this title. There is disagreement among Sunnis as to whether the Prophet or the People of the Book gave this name to Umar.
Etymology
[edit]According to the Lisān al-'Arab (Arabic dictionary by Ibn Manẓūr) al-Farouq refers to making a distinction between two subjects, and is a person who distinguishes between right and wrong.[2] Al-Farooq is translated as "discriminator" by Gerald T. Elmore,[3] Richard F. Burton.[4] As, however, the morphophonology of the lexeme farūq is not Arabic, the word seems to be of Syro-Aramaic origin, e.g. pārōqā "Saviour" as for example pointed out by Robert M. Kerr.[5]
History
[edit]Sunni view
[edit]According to historical Sunni sources, Muhammad entitled Umar ibn al-Khattab as al-Farooq.[1] The son of Kahn Jahan, the minister of Muhammad bin Tughluq claimed Umar ibn al-Khattab got this title from the Islamic prophet Muhammad.[6] Also Umayyad caliph Sulayman called him discriminator (al-farooq)[7] It is mentioned in the History of Tabari, Taqabat ibn Sad, and Tahdhib "the people of the Book (Jews) were the first to call Umar 'al-Faaruq, we have never heard the Prophet make such reference."[8]
Shia view
[edit]Among historical Shia sources, there is a hadith attributed to Muhammad in which he entitled Ali ibn Abi Talib as al-Farooq.[9][10] Abu Dhar al-Ghifari and Salman the Persian narrated some of this Hadithes [11] There are also some Shia sources that emphasized that the people of the book called Omar bin al-Khattab as al-Farooq.[10][12]
See also
[edit]
- Al-Farooq, modern biography about Umar
- Al Farooq Omar Bin Al Khattab Mosque, mosque named for him in Dubai
- Alevi
- Ali in the Quran
- Birthplace of Ali ibn Abi Talib
- Farooqi
- List of expeditions of Ali during Muhammad's era
- Sahaba
- Sunni view of Ali
- Omar, television series
- Wali
- Zulfiqar
References
[edit]- ^ a b Mohammed Jabar (1 November 2014). Islam and the West: A Rational Perspective. Memoirs Publishing. pp. 69–. ISBN 978-1-86151-298-7.
- ^ Ibn Manẓūr. Lisān al-'Arab. p. 303.
- ^ Elmore, Gerald T. (1999). Islamic Sainthood in the Fullness of Time: Ibn Al-Arabi's Book of the Fabulous Gryphon. Brill Academic Pub; annotated edition. p. 283. ISBN 978-9004109919.
- ^ Burton, Richard F. (December 2008). Arabian Nights. Cosimo Classics. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-60520-578-6.
- ^ Kerr, Robert M. (December 2022). «Farüqter Heiland» et le Hajj original à Jérusalem. Quelques remarques sur le messianisme de l’islam naissant, in M. Groß and R. M. Kerr (eds.), Die Entstehung einer Weltreligion VI. Vom umayyadischen Christentum zum abbasidischen Islam. Schiler & Mücke. p. 458-507. ISBN 978-3-89930-389-6.
- ^ "Sarkár of Dándes". Bibliotheca Indica. 61 (2). Baptist Mission Press. p. 226, footnote 4. 1891. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
- ^ Schroeder, Eric (January 2002). Muhammad's People: An Anthology of Muslim Civilization. Dover Publications. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-486-42502-3.[verification needed]
- ^ Yar-Shater, Eshan, ed. (2015). The Conquest of Iran A.D. 641-643/A.H. 21-23. The History of al-Tabari. Vol. 14. Translated by Smith, G Rex. SUNY Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-4384-2039-4.
- ^ Haj Manouchehri, F. (2015). "'Alī b. Abī Ṭālib 1. Names and Titles". In Daftary, F. (ed.). Encyclopaedia Islamica. Translated by Melvin-Koushki, Matthew. doi:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_036126.
- ^ a b Mesbah Yazdi, Mesbah Yazdi. quarter of arrogancزینهار از تکبر]. Vol. 1. p. 217.
- ^ Ameli, jafar morteza. Ṣaḥīḥ of Biography of Imam Ali. Vol. 14. p. 156.
- ^ Wheeler, Brannon (2002-06-18). Prophets in the Quran: An Introduction to the Quran and Muslim Exegesis. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 358. ISBN 978-0-8264-4957-3.