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Draft:Ellen Enkel

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  • Comment: Reads more like a CV or resume than an encyclopedia article. Rambley (talk) 18:12, 26 June 2025 (UTC)

Ellen Enkel

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Ellen Enkel (* January 11, 1971 in Cologne) is a Swiss–German economist and Professor of General Business Administration and Mobility at the University of Duisburg–Essen.[1]. She is the mother of two children.

Early Life and Education

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Ellen Enkel studied Biology, Pedagogy, and Theology at the Universities of Bielefeld and Paderborn from 1991 to 1998. From 1998 to 2003, she pursued a doctorate in Business Education, completing her dissertation on knowledge networks with the highest distinction (summa cum laude), ranking among the top 1% of her cohort.[2]

During this time, she concurrently directed the Knowledge Source competence center at the Institutes of Business Administration and Information Systems at the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland[3]. From 2003 to 2008, she led the Open Innovation competence center at the Institute for Technology Management at the same university[4]. From 2008 to 2020, Enkel served as Professor of Innovation Management at Zeppelin University in Friedrichshafen, Germany, while simultaneously heading the Dr. Manfred Bischoff Institute for Innovation Management from Airbus[5]. Since 2020, Enkel has held the Chair of General Business Administration and Mobility at the University of Duisburg–Essen[6].

She founded and directed the part-time Master’s program in Digital Pioneering (development of digital business models) at Zeppelin University[7], as well as the international Master’s program in Sustainable Logistics Solutions at the University of Duisburg–Essen[8], and has supported the creation of numerous student startups[9].

From 2012 to 2021, she was among the first women to serve as Editor-in-Chief of the high-ranking international journal R&D Management Journal[10]. Since 2022, she has chaired the journal’s Editorial Advisory Board[11]. In addition to research residencies at the London School of Economics (2002) and Harvard Business School (2016), Ellen Enkel serves internationally as an expert on Open Innovation and innovation ecosystems for the European Commission[12][13].

Research Focus

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Ellen Enkel’s research centers on technology and innovation management, with particular emphasis on Open Innovation, innovation ecosystems, and the impact of emerging technologies on the economy and society[14]. Early in her career, she focused intensively on knowledge networks[15], becoming recognized as a pioneer of the Open Innovation approach[16].

As early as 1999, she collaborated with industry consortia to understand and build knowledge networks within and between firms to enhance innovation processes[17], and until 2003 led the Knowledge Source competence center at the Institute for Information Systems at the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland, working with companies such as IBM, Daimler, Unilever, and Hewlett-Packard[18].

She then moved to the Institute for Technology Management (ITEM) at the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland[19], where in 2003 she established the Open Innovation competence center and continued her research on understanding connections and knowledge flows for innovation[20]. In 2004, together with Oliver Gassmann, she published her internationally most cited work on the core processes of Open Innovation (Inside-out, Outside-in, Coupled)[21][22][23][24]. She introduced concepts such as the Open Innovation maturity model (from Traditionalists to Visionaries)[25], as well as her work on cross-industry innovation[26][27]. Her publications have received over 14,724 citations (as of 2025)[28].

Her current research increasingly focuses on innovation ecosystems[29]—a natural extension of her earlier work on knowledge networks—and on the influence of disruptive technologies such as Artificial Intelligence and autonomous systems on organizations and individuals[30][31][32].

Enkel is author and editor of four scholarly books on managing knowledge networks (three co-edited with Andrea Back and Georg von Krogh)[33][34][35], and has published extensively in international journals such as Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Technovation, R&D Management, and International Journal of Technology Management. A bibliometric analysis by Ferrigno et al. (2023) identified her as the most frequently cited author in the R&D Management Journal[36]. In the domain of cross-industry innovation—collaborative innovation across sectors—she is the world’s most cited author[37][38]. Since 2020, she has been recognized annually by Stanford University among the world’s top 2 % of scientists across all disciplines[39].

As the most cited author in the R&D Management Journal, she became one of the first female editors-in-chief in 2012[40]. She has chaired the journal’s Editorial Advisory Board since then.

She is a chairperson of the Wissenschaftsstadt Essen initiative[41]. She also serves as a member of the Mobility Council NRW[42] and spokesperson for the MOTION (Mobility Transformation) Institute[43]. She co-chairs the research campus jury of the Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR)[44]

Selected Publications

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  • Liebherr, M., Enkel, E., Law, E. L.‑C., Mousavi, M. R., Sammartino, M., & Sieberg, P. (2025). Dynamic Calibration of Trust and Trustworthiness in AI‑Enabled Systems. International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer. In press.
  • Tuncdogan, A.; Wang, F.; Volberda, H. and Enkel, E. (2024). IT as a driver of R&D processes and strategic renewal. R&D Management, 54 (4),: 685-694, https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12692.
  • Enkel, E., & Sagmeister, V. (2020). External corporate venturing modes as new way to develop dynamic capabilities. Technovation, 96, 102128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2020.102128
  • Enkel, E., Bogers, M., & Chesbrough, H. (2020). Exploring open innovation in the digital age: a maturity model and future research directions. R&D Management, 50(1), 161-168. https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12397
  • Enkel, E., Groemminger, A.& Heil, S. (2018): Managing technological distance in internal and external collaborations: absorptive capacity routines and social integration for innovation. Journal of Technology Transfer (JOTT): 43(5): 1257-1290, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-017-9557-0.
  • Enkel, E., Heil, S., Hengstler, M., Wirth., H., (2017). Exploratory and exploitative innovation: To what extent do the dimensions of individual level absorptive capacity contribute? Technovation 60-61: 29-38; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2016.08.002.
  • Dingler, A. & Enkel, E. (2016): Socialization and innovation: Insights from collaboration across industry boundaries (Aspects of socialization for innovation), Technological Forecasting & Social Change 109: 50-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.05.017
  • Hengstler, M.; Enkel, E. & Duelli, S. (2016): Applied artificial intelligence and trust – the case of autonomous vehicles and medical assistance devices. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 105: 105–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2015.12.014
  • Enkel, E. & Heil, S. (2014): Preparing for distant collaboration: Antecedents to potential absorptive capacity in cross-industry innovation. Technovation, 34 (4): 242–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2014.01.010
  • Enkel, E. (2010): Individual attributes required for profiting from Open Innovation in Networks. International Journal of Technology Management, 52 (3/4): 344-371. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2010.035980
  • Gassmann, O., Enkel, E. and Chesbrough, H. (2010): The future of open innovation as a researchable theory. R&D Management Journal, 40 (3): 213-221. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2010.00605.x
  • Enkel, E. and Gassmann, O. (2010): Creative Imitation: Exploring the Case of Cross-Industry Innovation. R&D Management Journal, 40 (3): 256-270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2010.00591.x
  • Enkel, E., Gassmann, O. and Chesbrough, H. (2009): Open R&D and Open Innovation: Exploring the Phenomenon. R&D Management Journal, 39 (4): 311-316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00570.x

Awards and Honors

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  • Since 2020: Recognized among the world’s top 2 % scientists by Stanford University[45]
  • 2023: Classified among the “All Time Top 50* Most-Cited Artificial Intelligence Articles in Business, Management, and Social Sciences Journals”[46]
  • 2023: Recognizes as the most cited author in Cross-Industry Innovation[47]
  • 2022: Acknowledged as one of the most cited authors on Open Innovation in SME[48]
  • 2019: Recognizes as Top 20 high quality case studies in Innovation Management Journals[49]
  • 2015: Winner of the “Best Student Paper Award” at the ISPIM Conference in Budapest with Annika Dingler and 2013 at the ISPIM Conference in Helsinki with Karoline Bader[50]
  • Since 2012: Author of the most cited papers in R&D Management Journal[51]
  • 2010: Finalist for “Best Student Paper” at the Academy of Management TIM Division with Nicole Rosenkranz[52]

References

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  1. ^ https://www.uni-due.de/innovation/enkel_en
  2. ^ Ellen Enkel: Management von Wissensnetzwerken: Erfolgsfaktoren und Beispiele (= Wirtschaftswissenschaft). 1. Auflage. Dt. Univ.-Verl, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN ISBN 3-8244-0786-8
  3. ^ https://iwi.unisg.ch/en/the-institute/
  4. ^ https://item.unisg.ch/
  5. ^ https://www.zeppelin-university.com/
  6. ^ https://www.uni-due.de/innovation/enkel_en
  7. ^ https://www.zu.de/studium-weiterbildung/executive-education/master-digital-pioneering/
  8. ^ https://talent-campus.euref.de/en/euref-campus-in-duesseldorf/
  9. ^ https://www.zu.de/studium-weiterbildung/weiterbildung-transfer/gruenderzentrum/
  10. ^ https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14679310
  11. ^ https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/page/journal/14679310/homepage/editorialboard.html
  12. ^ European Commission: Directorate-General for Research and Innovation and Enkel, E., Mutual learning exercise on knowledge valorisation – Focus on skills, intersectoral cooperation and incentive systems – Fourth thematic report – Multi-stakeholder networks and processes, Enkel, E.(editor), Publications Office of the European Union, 2024, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/279492
  13. ^ European Commission: Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Independent Expert Group Report on Open Innovation and Knowledge Transfer, Wellen, D., Vermeulen, E., Andersen, B. et al., Boosting open innovation and knowledge transfer in the European Union – Independent expert group report on open innovation and knowledge transfer, Publications Office, 2014, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/72620
  14. ^ https://www.uni-due.de/innovation/enkel_en
  15. ^ https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057/978-1-349-94848-2_350-1
  16. ^ Giulio Ferrigno, Antonio Crupi, Alberto Di Minin, Paavo Ritala: 50+ years of R&D Management: a retrospective synthesis and new research trajectories. In: R&D Management. Band 53, Nr. 5, November 2023, ISSN 0033-6807, S. 900–926, doi:10.1111/radm.12592
  17. ^ Ellen Enkel: Management von Wissensnetzwerken: Erfolgsfaktoren und Beispiele (= Wirtschaftswissenschaft). 1. Auflage. Dt. Univ.-Verl, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN ISBN 3-8244-0786-8
  18. ^ Putting Knowledge Networks into Action: Methodology, Development, Maintenance (= SpringerLink Bücher). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 978-3-540-40574-0
  19. ^ https://item.unisg.ch/
  20. ^ Ellen Enkel: Attributes required for profiting from open innovation in networks. In: International Journal of Technology Management. Band 52, Nr. 3/4, Januar 2010, ISSN 0267-5730, S. 344–371, doi:10.1504/IJTM.2010.035980
  21. ^ https://www.alexandria.unisg.ch/entities/publication/40dcc448-44fa-4f12-b09b-cd614797467d
  22. ^ Oliver Gassmann, Ellen Enkel, Henry Chesbrough: The future of open innovation. In: R&D Management. Band 40, Nr. 3, 2010, ISSN 1467-9310, S. 213–221, doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.2010.00605.x
  23. ^ Ellen Enkel, Oliver Gassmann, Henry Chesbrough: Open R&D and open innovation: exploring the phenomenon. In: R&D Management. Band 39, Nr. 4, 2009, ISSN 1467-9310, S. 311–316, doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.2009.00570.x
  24. ^ David Sabando-Vera, Marcela Yonfa-Medranda, Néstor Montalván-Burbano, Jose Albors-Garrigos, Katherine Parrales-Guerrero: Worldwide Research on Open Innovation in SMEs. In: Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. Band 8, Nr. 1, März 2022, ISSN 2199-8531, S. 20, doi:10.3390/joitmc8010020 (mdpi.com)
  25. ^ Ellen Enkel, Marcel Bogers, Henry Chesbrough: Exploring open innovation in the digital age: A maturity model and future research directions. In: R&D Management. Band 50, Nr. 1, 2020, ISSN 1467-9310, S. 161–168, doi:10.1111/radm.12397
  26. ^ Ellen Enkel, Oliver Gassmann: Creative imitation: exploring the case of cross-industry innovation. In: R&D Management. Band 40, Nr. 3, 2010, ISSN 1467-9310, S. 256–270, doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.2010.00591.x
  27. ^ Antonio Carmona-Lavado, Elena M. Gimenez-Fernandez, Vesna Vlaisavljevic, Carmen Cabello-Medina: Cross-industry innovation: A systematic literature review. In: Technovation. Band 124, 1. Juni 2023, ISSN 0166-4972, S. 102743, doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2023.102743
  28. ^ https://scholar.google.de/citations?user=r7wvLEoAAAAJ&hl=de
  29. ^ Directorate-General for Research and Innovation (European Commission) , Ellen Enkel: Mutual learning exercise on knowledge valorisation: focus on skills, intersectoral cooperation and incentive systems : fourth thematic report : multi stakeholder networks and processes. Publications Office of the European Union, 2024, ISBN 978-92-68-11521-3, doi:10.2777/279492
  30. ^ Monika Hengstler, Ellen Enkel, Selina Duelli: Applied artificial intelligence and trust—The case of autonomous vehicles and medical assistance devices. In: Technological Forecasting and Social Change. Band 105, April 2016, S. 105–120, doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2015.12.014
  31. ^ Liebherr, M., Enkel, E., Law, E. L. C., Mousavi, M. R., Sammartino, M., & Sieberg, P.: Dynamic Calibration of Trust and Trustworthiness in AI Enabled Systems. 2025 in press. International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer.
  32. ^ Ellen Enkel, Nils Jansen, Mohammad Reza Mousavi, Kristin Yvonne Rozier: Model Learning for Improved Trustworthiness in Autonomous Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 23492). Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, 2024, S. 24–47, doi:10.4230/dagrep.13.12.24
  33. ^ Knowledge Networks for Business Growth. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-33072-1
  34. ^ Getting real about knowledge networks: unlocking corporate knowledge assets. 1. publ Auflage. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke 2006, ISBN 978-1-4039-0058-6
  35. ^ Putting Knowledge Networks into Action: Methodology, Development, Maintenance (= SpringerLink Bücher). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 978-3-540-40574-0
  36. ^ Giulio Ferrigno, Antonio Crupi, Alberto Di Minin, Paavo Ritala: 50+ years of R&D Management: a retrospective synthesis and new research trajectories. In: R&D Management. Band 53, Nr. 5, November 2023, ISSN 0033-6807, S. 900–926, doi:10.1111/radm.12592
  37. ^ Antonio Carmona-Lavado, Elena M. Gimenez-Fernandez, Vesna Vlaisavljevic, Carmen Cabello-Medina: Cross-industry innovation: A systematic literature review. In: Technovation. Band 124, 1. Juni 2023, ISSN 0166-4972, S. 102743, doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2023.102743
  38. ^ Torben Andreas Mahnken: Investigating Current Directions in Cross-Industry Innovation Research – a Systematic Literature Review. 2. Januar 2020
  39. ^ Top Scientists List: World's Top 2% Scientists
  40. ^ https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14679310
  41. ^ https://www.wissenschaftsstadt-essen.de/ueber-uns/vorstand/
  42. ^ https://www.umwelt.nrw.de/erstes-treffen-des-innocamnrw-kompetenznetzwerks
  43. ^ https://www.uni-due.de/motion/
  44. ^ https://www.forschungscampus.bmbf.de/lw_resource/datapool/systemfiles/elements/files/f85bc086-3fa0-11f0-b096-fa163e7d9971/live/document/2506_Jury_Forschungscampus.pdf
  45. ^ https://topresearcherslist.com/
  46. ^ https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/all-time-top-50-most-cited-artificial-intelligence-articles-qaswer-
  47. ^ Antonio Carmona-Lavado, Elena M. Gimenez-Fernandez, Vesna Vlaisavljevic, Carmen Cabello-Medina: Cross-industry innovation: A systematic literature review. In: Technovation. Band 124, 1. Juni 2023, ISSN 0166-4972, S. 102743, doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2023.102743
  48. ^ David Sabando-Vera, Marcela Yonfa-Medranda, Néstor Montalván-Burbano, Jose Albors-Garrigos, Katherine Parrales-Guerrero: Worldwide Research on Open Innovation in SMEs. In: Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. Band 8, Nr. 1, März 2022, ISSN 2199-8531, S. 20, doi:10.3390/joitmc8010020
  49. ^ Goffin, Keith & Åhlström, Pär & Bianchi, Mattia & Richtnér, Anders. (2019). State‐of‐the‐art: The quality of case study research in innovation management. Journal of Product Innovation Management. 36. 10.1111/jpim.12492.
  50. ^ https://www.zu.de/universitaet/newsletter/newsletter-inhalte/auszeichnung-ispim-dingler-enkel.php
  51. ^ Giulio Ferrigno, Antonio Crupi, Alberto Di Minin, Paavo Ritala: 50+ years of R&D Management: a retrospective synthesis and new research trajectories. In: R&D Management. Band 53, Nr. 5, November 2023, ISSN 0033-6807, S. 900–926, doi:10.1111/radm.12592
  52. ^ https://tim.aom.org/conferences/annualmeeting/2010
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