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2024 United States Senate election in Virginia

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2024 United States Senate election in Virginia
← 2018 November 5, 2024 2030 →
 
Nominee Tim Kaine Hung Cao
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 2,417,115 2,019,911
Percentage 54.37% 45.44%
Kaine:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Cao:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
U.S. senator before election

Tim Kaine
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Tim Kaine
Democratic

Elections in Virginia
Federal government
U.S. President
U.S. Senate
U.S. House
State government
Governor
Lieutenant Governor
Attorney General
Senate
House of Delegates
State elections
Ballot measures
Statewide
Fairfax County
2016
Alexandria
Mayor
(List)
Henrico County
Commonwealth's Attorney
Norfolk
Mayor
Richmond
Mayor
Virginia Beach
Mayor
City Council

The 2024 United States Senate election in Virginia was held on November 5, 2024, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the Commonwealth of Virginia. Democratic incumbent Tim Kaine won re-election to a third term, defeating Republican former U.S. Navy captain Hung Cao.[1][2] Primary elections took place on June 18, 2024.[3]

Background

[edit]

Virginia is considered to be a moderately blue state at the federal level, with Joe Biden carrying Virginia by about 10 percentage points in the 2020 presidential election. Democrats control both U.S. Senate seats, a majority in its U.S. representative congressional delegation, and the minimum majority in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly. However, Republicans flipped all three statewide constitutional offices in the 2021 elections.[4][5][6]

Kaine was first elected in 2012 by 6 points, defeating former U.S. Senator George Allen, and won re-election in 2018 by 16 points.[7][8] Republicans have not won a U.S. Senate race in Virginia since 2002.

This race was considered to be clearly favoring Kaine as he is popular amongst Virginian voters and typically over-performs other down-ballot candidates.[9]

Democratic primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]

Nominee

[edit]

Endorsements

[edit]
Tim Kaine

U.S representatives

Individuals

Organizations

Labor unions

Fundraising

[edit]
Campaign finance reports as of May 29, 2024
Candidate Raised Spent Cash on hand
Tim Kaine (D) $14,583,509 $8,488,125 $8,615,046
Source: Federal Election Commission[25]

Republican primary

[edit]

Candidates

[edit]

Hung Cao, the eventual Republican nominee, was embroiled in multiple controversies. Following the partial collapse of the Francis Scott Key Bridge after being struck by a container ship, Cao blamed Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg for the accident, claiming that Buttigieg "spends more time talking about racial equity with regard to highways and about climate change than about focusing on the fundamentals of keeping our country and our infrastructure working."[26] Later, Cao claimed that Monterey, California is "a very dark place now, a lot of witchcraft, and the Wiccan community has really taken over there," adding that "we can't let that happen in Virginia."[27]

In February 2023, Cao announced the formation of a PAC called Unleash America, with the PAC's goal being "to get Republicans elected" in the House of Delegates elections and State Senate elections in 2023. However, in April 2024, the Staunton-based publication The News Leader published an article claiming that none of the $103,489 raised by the PAC was spent on state house or state senate elections, but were instead spent on Cao's Senate bid.[28] Cao would respond by denouncing the article as a "hit job" by a "podunk local newspaper" that he claimed was run by "left-wing hacks."[29] In a virtual town hall hosted by the Fauquier County Republican Committee, Cao would also say that it would be "ridonkulous" and "crazy" for him to “drive six and a half hours down to Abingdon or something like that and to stand there with four other dudes and to have 30 seconds to answer questions." His comments have drawn backlash and accusations of being dismissive to rural portions of the commonwealth.[30]

Despite these controversies, Cao was endorsed by former president Donald Trump for the Republican nomination.[31] He would later win the party's nomination easily.

Nominee

[edit]

Eliminated in primary

[edit]

Endorsements

[edit]
Hung Cao

U.S. Presidents

Governors

Individuals

Jonathan Emord

U.S. representatives

Scott Parkinson

U.S. senators

U.S. representatives

Individuals

Organizations

Chuck Smith

State legislators

Fundraising

[edit]
Campaign finance reports as of May 29, 2024
Candidate Raised Spent Cash on hand
Hung Cao (R) $2,508,562 $2,398,405 $202,637
Jonathan Emord (R) $932,828[a] $897,923 $34,905
Eddie Garcia (R) $340,558 $315,309 $25,249
Scott Parkinson (R) $930,240 $601,089 $329,151
Chuck Smith (R) $556,762 $536,262 $20,499
Source: Federal Election Commission[25]

Results

[edit]
Results by county and independent city:
  Cao
  •   30–40%
  •   40–50%
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
  •   70–80%
  •   80–90%
  Garcia
  •   30–40%
Republican primary results[46]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Hung Cao 168,868 61.79%
Republican Scott Parkinson 29,940 10.95%
Republican Eddie Garcia 26,777 9.80%
Republican Chuck Smith 24,108 8.82%
Republican Jonathan Emord 23,614 8.64%
Total votes 273,307 100.00%

General election

[edit]

Predictions

[edit]
Source Ranking As of
The Cook Political Report[47] Solid D November 9, 2023
Elections Daily[48] Solid D August 9, 2024
Inside Elections[49] Solid D November 9, 2023
Sabato's Crystal Ball[50] Safe D November 9, 2023
Decision Desk HQ/The Hill[51] Likely D August 26, 2024
CNalysis[52] Solid D November 21, 2023
RealClearPolitics[53] Likely D August 5, 2024
Split Ticket[54] Likely D October 23, 2024
538[55] Likely D November 2, 2024

Post-primary endorsements

[edit]
Tim Kaine (D)

U.S. representatives

Organizations

Newspapers

Hung Cao

Statewide Officials

Organizations

Fundraising

[edit]
Campaign finance reports as of June 30, 2024
Candidate Raised Spent Cash on hand
Tim Kaine (D) $15,990,927 $10,698,945 $7,811,645
Hung Cao (R) $3,051,361 $2,729,334 $414,508
Source: Federal Election Commission[25]

Polling

[edit]

Aggregate polls

Source of poll
aggregation 		Dates
administered 		Dates
updated 		Tim
Kaine (D) 		Hung
Cao (R) 		Undecided
[b] 		Margin
FiveThirtyEight[64] through November 4, 2024 November 4, 2024 51.9% 41.2% 6.9% Kaine +10.7%
RealClearPolitics[65] October 19 – November 4, 2024 November 4, 2024 52.0% 41.2% 6.8% Kaine +10.8%
270toWin[66] October 26 – November 4, 2024 November 4, 2024 51.2% 41.8% 7.0% Kaine +9.4%
TheHill/DDHQ[67] through November 4, 2024 November 4, 2024 52.2% 42.4% 6.4% Kaine +9.8%
Average 51.8% 41.6% 6.6% Kaine +10.2%
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[c] 		Margin
of error 		Tim
Kaine (D) 		Hung
Cao (R) 		Other Undecided
AtlasIntel[68] November 1–4, 2024 2,202 (LV) ± 2.0% 53% 44% 1%[d] 2%
Research Co.[69] November 2–3, 2024 450 (LV) ± 4.6% 53% 41% – 6%
Chism Strategies[70] October 28–30, 2024 520 (LV) ± 4.3% 46% 45% – 9%
Cygnal (R)[71] October 27–29, 2024 600 (LV) ± 4.0% 52% 42% – 7%
Roanoke College[72] October 25–29, 2024 851 (LV) ± 4.6% 51% 40% 3%[e] 6%
ActiVote[73] October 2–28, 2024 400 (LV) ± 4.9% 55% 45% – –
The Washington Post/
George Mason University[74] 		October 19–23, 2024 1,004 (LV) ± 3.5% 54% 41% 1%[f] 4%
1,004 (RV) ± 3.5% 54% 40% 1%[f] 5%
ActiVote[75] September 9 – October 14, 2024 400 (LV) ± 4.9% 56% 44% – –
Christopher Newport University[76] September 28 – October 4, 2024 800 (LV) ± 4.4% 55% 35% 5%[g] 5%
Emerson College[77][A] September 22–24, 2024 860 (LV) ± 3.3% 51% 41% 2% 6%
Research America[78][B] September 3–9, 2024 1,000 (A) ± 3.0% 45% 38% 8%[h] 9%
756 (LV) ± 3.5% 49% 43% 2% 6%
The Washington Post/
George Mason University[79] 		September 4–8, 2024 1,005 (RV) ± 3.5% 53% 41% 1%[f] 5%
1,005 (LV) ± 3.5% 53% 41% – 5%
ActiVote[80] July 24 – September 1, 2024 400 (LV) ± 4.9% 55% 45% – –
Roanoke College[81] August 12–16, 2024 691 (LV) ± 4.5% 49% 38% 10%[i] 3%
Emerson College[82][C] July 14–15, 2024 1,000 (RV) ± 3.0% 49% 39% 4%[j] 8%
Mainstreet Research/FAU[83] July 14–15, 2024 301 (A) ± 3.2% 42% 33% 5%[k] 20%
265 (LV) ± 3.2% 44% 34% 4%[l] 19%
July 12–13, 2024 617 (A) ± 3.2% 45% 32% 7%[m] 15%
544 (LV) ± 3.2% 47% 34% 6%[n] 13%
NYT/Siena College[84] July 9–12, 2024 661 (RV) ± 4.2% 52% 34% – 14%
661 (LV) ± 4.4% 52% 36% – 12%
Virginia Commonwealth University[85] June 24 – July 3, 2024 809 (A) ± 4.8% 49% 38% 14%[o] –
Fabrizio Ward (R)/
Impact Research (D)[86][D] 		April 26–28, 2024 500 (RV) ± 4.4% 48% 36% 1% 16%
Hypothetical polling

Tim Kaine vs. Glenn Youngkin

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[c] 		Margin
of error 		Tim
Kaine (D) 		Glenn
Youngkin (R) 		Other Undecided
Virginia Commonwealth University[87] July 14–25, 2023 804 (A) ± 5.46% 47% 42% 3%[p] 7%
University of Mary Washington[88] September 6–12, 2022 1,000 (A) ± 3.1% 41% 39% 10%[q] 10%

Debates

[edit]
2024 Virginia U.S. Senate election debate
No. Date Host Moderators Link Democratic Republican
Key:
 P  Participant   A  Absent   N  Not invited   I  Invited  W  Withdrawn
Kaine Cao
1 Oct. 2, 2024 NSU Tom Schaad & Deanna Allbrittin[89] YouTube P P

Results

[edit]
State Senate district results
State House of Delegates district results
United States Senate election in Virginia, 2024[90]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic Tim Kaine (incumbent) 2,417,115 54.37% −2.63%
Republican Hung Cao 2,019,911 45.44% +4.43%
Write-in 8,509 0.19% +0.04%
Total votes 4,445,535 100.00% N/A
Democratic hold

By county

[edit]
County[91] Tim Kaine
Democratic 		Hung Cao
Republican 		Various candidates
Other parties 		Total votes cast
# % # % # %
Accomack 7,672 45.03% 9,339 54.82% −1,667 −9.79% 17,037
Albemarle 43,968 66.74% 21,912 33.26% 22,056 33.48% 65,880
Alexandria 62,597 78.47% 17,175 21.53% 45,422 56.94% 79,772
Alleghany 2,786 34.21% 5,358 65.79% −2,572 −31.58% 8,144
Amelia 2,314 29.24% 5,600 70.76% −3,286 −41.52% 7,914
Amherst 5,790 33.65% 11,414 66.35% −5,624 −32.69% 17,204
Appomattox 2,562 27.01% 6,923 72.99% −4,361 −45.98% 9,485
Arlington 100,725 78.70% 27,269 21.30% 73,456 57.39% 127,994
Augusta 12,517 28.37% 31,605 71.63% −19,088 −43.26% 44,122
Bath 684 26.67% 1,881 73.33% −1,197 −46.66% 2,565
Bedford 13,068 25.82% 37,536 74.18% −24,468 −48.34% 50,604
Bland 709 20.76% 2,707 79.24% −1,998 −58.49% 3,416
Botetourt 6,608 30.65% 14,950 69.35% −8,342 −38.70% 21,558
Bristol 2,629 35.88% 4,699 64.12% −2,070 −28.25% 7,328
Brunswick 4,324 56.19% 3,372 43.81% 952 12.37% 7,696
Buchanan 2,331 25.81% 6,686 74.02% −4,355 −48.21% 9,033
Buckingham 3,242 41.39% 4,581 58.49% −1,339 −17.10% 7,832
Buena Vista 935 33.20% 1,881 66.80% −946 −33.60% 2,816
Campbell 8,526 27.53% 22,449 72.47% −13,923 −44.94% 30,975
Caroline 8,249 47.23% 9,218 52.77% −969 −5.54% 17,467
Carroll 3,637 22.80% 12,318 77.20% −8,681 −54.40% 15,955
Charles City 2,397 57.09% 1,802 42.91% 595 14.17% 4,199
Charlotte 2,148 36.02% 3,815 63.98% −1,667 −27.96% 5,963
Charlottesville 19,439 84.19% 3,650 15.81% 15,789 68.38% 23,089
Chesapeake 67,224 52.98% 59,657 47.02% 7,567 5.96% 126,881
Chesterfield 115,364 55.28% 93,336 44.72% 22,028 10.55% 208,700
Clarke 4,182 43.25% 5,487 56.75% −1,305 −13.50% 9,669
Colonial Heights 3,259 37.40% 5,456 62.60% −2,197 −25.21% 8,715
Covington 1,025 41.96% 1,418 58.04% −393 −16.09% 2,443
Craig 671 21.74% 2,415 78.26% −1,744 −56.51% 3,086
Culpeper 11,211 39.59% 17,105 60.41% −5,894 −20.82% 28,316
Cumberland 2,164 39.93% 3,256 60.07% −1,092 −20.15% 5,420
Danville 10,986 63.43% 6,335 36.57% 4,651 26.85% 17,321
Dickenson 1,929 28.31% 4,884 71.69% −2,955 −43.37% 6,813
Dinwiddie 6,335 40.88% 9,163 59.12% −2,828 −18.25% 15,498
Emporia 1,415 67.77% 673 32.23% 742 35.54% 2,088
Essex 2,858 48.20% 3,072 51.80% −214 −3.61% 5,930
Fairfax City 8,882 66.84% 4,407 33.16% 4,475 33.67% 13,289
Fairfax 393,906 67.89% 186,266 32.11% 207,640 35.79% 580,172
Falls Church 7,163 80.00% 1,791 20.00% 5,372 60.00% 8,954
Fauquier 17,441 39.27% 26,971 60.73% −9,530 −21.46% 44,412
Floyd 3,302 34.57% 6,251 65.43% −2,949 −30.87% 9,553
Fluvanna 7,992 48.22% 8,581 51.78% −589 −3.55% 16,573
Franklin City 2,367 63.53% 1,359 36.47% 1,008 27.05% 3,726
Franklin 9,114 29.70% 21,569 70.30% −12,455 −40.60% 30,683
Frederick 19,769 38.44% 31,659 61.56% −11,890 −23.12% 51,428
Fredericksburg 8,858 67.09% 4,346 32.91% 4,512 34.17% 13,204
Galax 893 33.31% 1,788 66.69% −895 −33.38% 2,681
Giles 2,593 28.72% 6,435 71.28% −3,842 −42.56% 9,028
Gloucester 7,522 32.83% 15,391 67.17% −7,869 −34.34% 22,913
Goochland 7,956 40.57% 11,655 59.43% −3,699 −18.86% 19,611
Grayson 1,888 23.80% 6,045 76.20% −4,157 −52.40% 7,933
Greene 4,731 39.68% 7,193 60.32% −2,462 −20.65% 11,924
Greensville 2,416 57.72% 1,770 42.28% 646 15.43% 4,186
Halifax 7,397 41.99% 10,218 58.01% −2,821 −16.01% 17,615
Hampton 44,201 71.51% 17,611 28.49% 26,590 43.02% 61,812
Hanover 27,207 37.83% 44,715 62.17% −17,508 −24.34% 71,922
Harrisonburg 10,922 64.75% 5,946 35.25% 4,976 29.50% 16,868
Henrico 116,336 65.54% 61,160 34.46% 55,176 31.09% 177,496
Henry 9,583 38.32% 15,426 61.68% −5,843 −23.36% 25,009
Highland 497 32.94% 1,012 67.06% −515 −34.12% 1,509
Hopewell 5,173 60.07% 3,438 39.93% 1,735 20.15% 8,611
Isle of Wight 10,292 42.09% 14,163 57.91% −3,871 −15.83% 24,455
James City 26,991 52.90% 24,033 47.10% 2,958 5.80% 51,024
King and Queen 1,628 39.31% 2,513 60.69% −885 −21.37% 4,141
King George 5,843 38.18% 9,459 61.82% −3,616 −23.63% 15,302
King William 3,659 32.27% 7,678 67.73% −4,019 −35.45% 11,337
Lancaster 3,364 46.39% 3,888 53.61% -524 -7.23% 7,252
Lee 2,306 23.63% 7,452 76.37% -5,146 -52.74% 9,758
Lexington 1,817 63.80% 1,031 36.20% 786 27.60% 2,848
Loudoun 133,436 58.81% 93,441 41.19% 39,995 17.63% 226,877
Louisa 9,124 38.26% 14,726 61.74% -5,602 -23.49% 23,850
Lunenburg 2,344 41.35% 3,324 58.65% -980 -17.29% 5,668
Lynchburg 17,020 46.63% 19,478 53.36% -2,458 -6.73% 36,498
Madison 2,839 33.86% 5,546 66.14% -2,707 -32.28% 8,385
Manassas 9,375 59.29% 6,438 40.71% 2,937 18.57% 15,813
Manassas Park 3,713 63.74% 2,112 36.26% 1,601 27.48% 5,825
Martinsville 3,515 64.41% 1,942 35.59% 1,573 28.83% 5,457
Mathews 1,872 31.80% 4,015 68.20% -2,143 -36.40% 5,887
Mecklenburg 6,699 42.21% 9,170 57.79% -2,471 -15.57% 15,869
Middlesex 2,570 37.60% 4,265 62.40% -1,695 -24.80% 6,835
Montgomery 25,037 53.71% 21,575 46.29% 3,462 7.43% 46,612
Nelson 4,520 48.24% 4,849 51.76% -329 -3.51% 9,369
New Kent 5,700 34.77% 10,695 65.23% -4,995 -30.47% 16,395
Newport News 49,499 66.16% 25,323 33.84% 24,176 32.31% 74,822
Norfolk 61,334 72.17% 23,657 27.83% 37,677 44.33% 84,991
Northampton 3,687 54.75% 3,047 45.25% 640 9.50% 6,734
Northumberland 3,253 39.84% 4,912 60.16% -1,659 -20.32% 8,165
Norton 606 38.38% 973 61.62% -367 -23.24% 1,579
Nottoway 2,800 41.18% 4,000 58.82% -1,200 -17.65% 6,800
Orange 8,725 39.63% 13,289 60.37% -4,564 -20.73% 22,014
Page 3,618 27.89% 9,354 72.11% -5,736 -44.22% 12,972
Patrick 2,391 25.45% 7,005 74.55% -4,614 -49.11% 9,396
Petersburg 11,254 87.67% 1,583 12.33% 9,671 75.34% 12,837
Pittsylvania 10,523 31.65% 22,725 68.35% -12,202 -36.70% 33,248
Poquoson 2,273 28.41% 5,729 71.59% -3,456 -43.19% 8,002
Portsmouth 28,791 71.31% 11,581 28.69% 17,210 42.63% 40,372
Powhatan 5,949 28.61% 14,844 71.39% -8,895 -42.78% 20,793
Prince Edward 4,617 50.27% 4,567 49.73% 50 0.54% 9,184
Prince George 7,048 41.32% 10,010 58.68% -2,962 -17.36% 17,058
Prince William 137,060 61.09% 87,310 38.91% 49,750 22.17% 224,370
Pulaski 5,655 32.50% 11,743 67.50% -6,088 -35.00% 17,398
Radford 3,423 52.87% 3,051 47.13% 372 5.75% 6,474
Rappahannock 2,053 41.06% 2,947 58.94% -894 -17.88% 5,000
Richmond City 89,672 83.75% 17,400 16.25% 72,272 67.50% 107,072
Richmond 1,562 37.99% 2,550 62.01% -988 -24.03% 4,112
Roanoke City 26,676 63.88% 15,082 36.12% 11,594 27.76% 41,758
Roanoke 22,978 40.61% 33,609 59.39% -10,631 -18.79% 56,587
Rockbridge 4,526 35.57% 8,199 64.43% −3,673 -28.86% 12,725
Rockingham 16,180 33.53% 32,081 66.47% -15,901 -32.95% 48,261
Russell 3,326 25.18% 9,885 74.82% -6,559 -49.65% 13,211
Salem 5,653 43.47% 7,352 56.53% -1,699 -13.06% 13,005
Scott 2,431 22.53% 8,359 77.47% -5,928 -54.94% 10,790
Shenandoah 7,968 33.11% 16,097 66.89% -8,129 -33.78% 24,065
Smyth 3,885 27.31% 10,339 72.69% -6,454 -45.37% 14,224
Southampton 3,914 40.29% 5,801 59.71% -1,887 -19.42% 9,715
Spotsylvania 37,339 47.54% 41,199 52.46% -3,860 -4.91% 78,538
Stafford 42,603 51.72% 39,764 48.28% 2,839 3.45% 82,367
Staunton 7,820 58.48% 5,552 41.52% 2,268 16.96% 13,372
Suffolk 31,587 59.78% 21,255 40.22% 10,332 19.55% 52,842
Surry 2,232 51.52% 2,100 48.48% 132 3.05% 4,332
Sussex 2,605 53.92% 2,226 46.08% 379 7.85% 4,831
Tazewell 4,952 26.00% 14,096 74.00% -9,144 -48.01% 19,048
Virginia Beach 118,920 52.76% 106,476 47.24% 12,444 5.52% 225,396
Warren 7,529 33.76% 14,771 66.24% -7,242 -32.48% 22,300
Washington 8,259 28.37% 20,851 71.63% -12,592 -43.26% 29,110
Waynesboro 5,521 49.65% 5,598 50.35% -77 -0.69% 11,119
Westmoreland 4,774 45.95% 5,615 54.05% -841 -8.10% 10,389
Williamsburg 5,635 72.37% 2,151 27.63% 3,484 44.75% 7,786
Winchester 6,804 58.11% 4,905 41.89% 1,899 16.22% 11,709
Wise 4,494 27.58% 11,802 72.42% -7,308 -44.85% 16,296
Wythe 3,732 24.88% 11,268 75.12% -7,536 -50.24% 15,000
York 18,726 47.51% 20,685 52.49% -1,959 -4.97% 39,411
Totals 2,417,115 54.48% 2,019,911 45.52% 397,204 8.95% 4,437,026

Counties and independent cities that flipped from Democratic to Republican

[edit]

By congressional district

[edit]

Kaine won 7 of 11 congressional districts, including one that elected a Republican.[92]

District Kaine Cao Representative
1st 48.17% 51.72% Rob Wittman
2nd 51.24% 48.65% Jen Kiggans
3rd 68.86% 31.01% Bobby Scott
4th 67.77% 32.07% Jennifer McClellan
5th 45.04% 54.82% Bob Good (118th Congress
John McGuire (119th Congress
6th 40.96% 59.49% Ben Cline
7th 53.29% 46.49% Abigail Spanberger (118th Congress
Eugene Vindman (119th Congress
8th 74.61% 25.09% Don Beyer
9th 32.92% 66.94% Morgan Griffith
10th 54.77% 44.93% Jennifer Wexton (118th Congress
Suhas Subramanyam (119th Congress
11th 67.26% 32.40% Gerry Connolly

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ $528,167 of this total was self-funded by Emord
  2. ^ Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
  3. ^ a b Key:
    A – all adults
    RV – registered voters
    LV – likely voters
    V – unclear
  4. ^ "Blank/Null/Won't vote" with 1%
  5. ^ "Refused" with 2%; "Some other candidate" with 1%
  6. ^ a b c "Would not vote" with 1%
  7. ^ "Refused" with 3%; "Someone else" with 2%
  8. ^ "None/Wouldn't Vote" with 5%
  9. ^ "Someone else" with 10%
  10. ^ "Someone else" with 4%
  11. ^ "Another party" with 5%
  12. ^ "Another party" with 4%
  13. ^ "Another party" with 7%
  14. ^ "Another party" with 6%
  15. ^ "Wouldn't vote" with 8%; "Someone else" with 6%
  16. ^ None/Would not vote with 2%, other with 1%
  17. ^ None/Would not vote with 5%, other with 5%

Partisan clients

  1. ^ Poll sponsored by The Hill and Nexstar
  2. ^ Poll sponsored by University of Mary Washington
  3. ^ Poll sponsored by The Hill
  4. ^ Poll sponsored by Virginians Against Neighborhood Slot Machines

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Salamy, Elissa (November 5, 2024). "Kaine wins re-election for Virginia Senate". Fox 5 Washington D.C. Retrieved November 5, 2024.
  2. ^ Manchester, Julia (November 5, 2024). "Tim Kaine wins reelection in Virginia". The Hill. Retrieved November 5, 2024.
  3. ^ "2024 State Primary Election Dates". www.ncsl.org. Retrieved May 13, 2023.
  4. ^ "Live election results: 2020 Virginia results". www.politico.com. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  5. ^ Oliver, Ned (March 3, 2021). "Democrats have controlled Virginia government for two years. Here's what they've done". Virginia Mercury. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  6. ^ "GOP sweeps statewide races with 2 down-ballot wins". AP NEWS. November 2, 2021. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  7. ^ "Virginia Elections Database » 2012 U.S. Senate General Election". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  8. ^ "Virginia | Full Senate results". www.cnn.com. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  9. ^ a b Flynn, Meagan; Vozzella, Laura (January 20, 2023). "Va. Sen. Tim Kaine says he will seek another term". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 20, 2023.
  10. ^ a b "GIFFORDS PAC Endorses Senator Tim Kaine for Reelection". Giffords. February 22, 2024. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
  11. ^ a b "NextGen PAC Endorses Senator Tim Kaine Ahead of 2024 Elections". NextGen America PAC. May 10, 2023. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
  12. ^ "2024 – Feminist Majority PAC". feministmajoritypac.org. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
  13. ^ "Presenting the official Spring 2024 Harvard Dems Endorsement Results! Congratulations to all who were endorsed! 🫶🏻✨". www.instagram.com. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
  14. ^ "2024 Endorsements". 2024 Endorsements. Retrieved March 25, 2024.
  15. ^ "Jewish Dems: President Biden Stands with Israel". Jewish Democratic Council of America. Retrieved May 10, 2024.
  16. ^ "Meet JAC's 2024 Candidates | Joint Action Committee for Political Affairs". jacpac.org. Archived from the original on September 1, 2023. Retrieved September 1, 2023.
  17. ^ "Tim Kaine". JStreetPAC. October 16, 2023. Retrieved August 26, 2023.
  18. ^ "LCV Action Fund Announces First Round of Congressional Endorsements". League of Conservation Voters. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  19. ^ "2024 Endorsed Candidates". LGBT+ Democrats of Virginia. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  20. ^ NCPSSM. "National Seniors' Advocacy Group Endorses Sen. Tim Kaine for Re-Election". NCPSSM. Retrieved January 5, 2024.
  21. ^ Dison, Denis (September 20, 2023). "NRDC Action Fund Endorses 51 House, Senate Incumbents". NRDC Action Fund. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
  22. ^ "2024 Endorsements". Population Connection Action Fund. Retrieved August 25, 2023.
  23. ^ "2024 Endorsements | Sierra Club Independent Action". www.sierraclubindependentaction.org. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  24. ^ "Virginia - COMPAC Endorsements". United Mine Workers of America. Retrieved April 2, 2024.
  25. ^ a b c "2024 Election United States Senate - Virginia". fec.gov. Federal Election Commission. Retrieved August 11, 2023.
  26. ^ Valentine, Jesse (March 29, 2024). "GOP Senate candidate Hung Cao blames racial equity for Baltimore bridge tragedy". American Journal News. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
  27. ^ Metzger, Bryan. "GOP Senate candidate Hung Cao warns of 'witchcraft' happening in California: 'We can't let that happen in Virginia'". Business Insider. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
  28. ^ Beyer, Elizabeth (April 15, 2024). "Unleash America was supposed to be about supporting Va. candidates. But the money didn't go there". NewsLeader.com. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  29. ^ Beyer, Elizabeth (May 9, 2024). "Candidate for U.S. Senate in Virginia responds to super PAC allegations, misuse of funds". NewsLeader.com. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  30. ^ Schmidt, Markus (May 23, 2024). "GOP U.S. Senate candidate from NoVa doubles down on 'podunk' comments, says driving to Abingdon for debate is 'just ridonkulous'". CardinalNews.org. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  31. ^ a b Iannelli, Nick (May 27, 2024). "Republican US Senate candidate in Virginia 'honored' to receive Trump endorsement". WTOP. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
  32. ^ Minock, Nick (July 18, 2023). "Hung Cao launches website and files paperwork to run for 2024 US Senate race in Virginia". WJLA.com.
  33. ^ Churchill, Victoria (January 31, 2023). "Constitutional Litigator Jonathan Emord Announces U.S. Senate Run". The Republican Standard. Retrieved January 31, 2023.
  34. ^ Rankin, Sarah (January 20, 2023). "Democratic Sen. Tim Kaine of Virginia to seek reelection". AP News. Archived from the original on January 20, 2023. Retrieved April 21, 2023.
  35. ^ Rankin, Sarah (April 3, 2023). "Scott Parkinson runs for Tim Kaine's seat". The Virginia Pilot. Archived from the original on April 3, 2023.
  36. ^ Martz, Michael (August 5, 2023). "Meet the 8 Republicans (and counting) who want to unseat Sen. Tim Kaine". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved August 26, 2023.
  37. ^ "Bob McDonnell endorses Hung Cao for Senate". May 16, 2024. Retrieved November 28, 2024.
  38. ^ "A true patriot's endosement". PoliticalEmails. Archived from the original on February 23, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
  39. ^ a b "U.S. Senate Candidate Jonathan Emord Receives the Endorsements of Ron Paul and Barry Goldwater, Jr". FOX 59. March 14, 2023. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  40. ^ a b c d e f g h i Johnson, Julia (May 2023). "Tim Kaine GOP challenger holds fundraiser with Trump and DeSantis supporters alike". Washington Examiner. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
  41. ^ a b c d e f Hazard, Charlotte. "Ex-DeSantis Hill staffer runs for U.S. Senate, says pandemic was his call for change". Just the News. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
  42. ^ a b Shipley, Jonathan (May 31, 2023). "Former Baraboo resident eyes Virginia Senate". News Republic. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
  43. ^ Martz, Michael (February 2, 2024). "Here's how much money Sen. Tim Kaine has raised in bid for new term". Richmond Times Dispatch. Retrieved April 21, 2024.
  44. ^ a b "David N. Bossie and Citizens United Political Victory Fund Endorse Scott Parkinson for U.S. Senate from Virginia". cupvf.com. April 24, 2023. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
  45. ^ Cantor, Dave (March 20, 2024). "These are the GOP candidates hoping to unseat Sen. Tim Kaine". VPM. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
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  48. ^ "Election Ratings". Elections Daily. August 1, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.
  49. ^ "Senate Ratings". Inside Elections. January 6, 2023. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
  50. ^ "2024 Senate". Sabato's Crystal Ball. January 24, 2023. Retrieved February 13, 2023.
  51. ^ "2024 Senate prediction map". elections2024.thehill.com/. The Hill. June 8, 2024. Retrieved June 8, 2024.
  52. ^ "'24 Senate Forecast". CNalysis. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
  53. ^ "Battle for the Senate 2024". RealClearPolitics. Retrieved August 5, 2024.
  54. ^ "2024 Senate Forecast". Split Ticket. May 25, 2023. Retrieved October 23, 2024.
  55. ^ "2024 Election Forecast". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on November 1, 2024. Retrieved November 2, 2024.
  56. ^ Vozzella, Laura (October 16, 2024). "Former GOP Rep. Riggleman endorses Democratic Sen. Kaine of Virginia". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
  57. ^ Vozzella, Laura (October 16, 2024). "Former GOP Rep. Riggleman endorses Democratic Sen. Kaine of Virginia". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
  58. ^ "CASA in Action Announces Its 2024 Virginia General Election Endorsements". CASA in Action (Press release). August 23, 2024. Retrieved September 1, 2024.
  59. ^ "People For Endorses Seven New and Incumbent Senate Candidates in "Defend the Senate" Campaign". People for the American Way (Press release). July 29, 2024. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
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  61. ^ "Congratulations @hungcaova! Hung Cao will make a great Senator for Virginia and I am proud to endorse him - let's take back the U.S. Senate!". June 18, 2024. Retrieved November 28, 2024.
  62. ^ "2024 Endorsed Candidates". logcabin.org. Retrieved November 28, 2024.
  63. ^ "National Federation of Independent Business endorses Hung Cao for U.S Senate". Retrieved November 28, 2024.
  64. ^ FiveThirtyEight
  65. ^ RealClearPolitics
  66. ^ 270toWin
  67. ^ TheHill/DDHQ
  68. ^ AtlasIntel
  69. ^ Research Co.
  70. ^ Chism Strategies
  71. ^ Cygnal (R)
  72. ^ Roanoke College
  73. ^ ActiVote
  74. ^ The Washington Post/
    George Mason University
  75. ^ ActiVote
  76. ^ Christopher Newport University
  77. ^ Emerson College
  78. ^ Research America
  79. ^ The Washington Post/
    George Mason University
  80. ^ ActiVote
  81. ^ Roanoke College
  82. ^ Emerson College
  83. ^ Mainstreet Research/FAU
  84. ^ NYT/Siena College
  85. ^ Virginia Commonwealth University
  86. ^ Fabrizio Ward (R)/
    Impact Research (D)
  87. ^ Virginia Commonwealth University
  88. ^ University of Mary Washington
  89. ^ Alvarez-Wertz, Jane (October 2, 2024). "Rules for the Virginia Senate Debate". WAVY TV 10. Archived from the original on October 3, 2024. Retrieved October 4, 2024.
  90. ^ "2024 November General Official Results". Virginia Department of Elections. Retrieved December 16, 2024.
  91. ^ "2024 Senate Election (Official Returns)". Commonwealth of Virginia by county. November 5, 2024. Retrieved December 5, 2024.
  92. ^ "State Navigate's 2024 Virginia District Results".
[edit]

Official campaign websites

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