List of bioluminescent fungi

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

bioluminescent mycena roseoflava
Bioluminescent Mycena roseoflava
Panellus stipticus, one of about 112 known species of bioluminescent fungi

Found largely in temperate and tropical climates, currently there are more than 113 known species of bioluminescent fungi, all of which are members of the order Agaricales (Basidiomycota) with one possible exceptional ascomycete belonging to the order Xylariales.[1] All known bioluminescent Agaricales are mushroom-forming, white-spored agarics that belong to four distinct evolutionary lineages. The Omphalotus lineage (comprising the genera Omphalotus and Neonothopanus) contains 12 species, the Armillaria lineage has 10 known species, while the Mycenoid lineage (Favolachia, Mycena, Panellus, Prunulus, Roridomyces) has more than 50 species. The recently discovered Lucentipes lineage contains two species, Mycena lucentipes and Gerronema viridilucens, which belong to a family that has not yet been formally named.[2] Armillaria mellea is the most widely distributed of the luminescent fungi, found across Asia, Europe, North America, and South Africa.[3]

Adding to these, the newly discovered Eoscyphella lineage, represented by Eoscyphella luciurceolata from the Atlantic Rainforest in southern Brazil, marks a significant expansion in our understanding of fungal bioluminescence.[4]

Bioluminescent fungi emit a greenish light at a wavelength of 520–530 nm. The light emission is continuous and occurs only in living cells.[5] No correlation of fungal bioluminescence with cell structure has been found. Bioluminescence may occur in both mycelia and fruit bodies, as in Panellus stipticus and Omphalotus olearius, or only in mycelia and young rhizomorphs, as in Armillaria mellea.[6] In Roridomyces roridus luminescence occurs only in the spores, while in Collybia tuberosa, it is only in the sclerotia.[7]

Although the biochemistry of fungal bioluminescence has not fully been characterized, the preparation of bioluminescent, cell-free extracts has allowed researchers to characterize the in vitro requirements of fungal bioluminescence. Experimental data suggest that a two-stage mechanism is required. In the first, a light-emitting substance (called "luciferin") is reduced by a soluble reductase enzyme at the expense of NAD(P)H. In the second stage, reduced luciferin is oxidized by an insoluble luciferase that releases the energy in the form of bluish-green light. Conditions that affect the growth of fungi, such as pH, light and temperature, have been found to influence bioluminescence, suggesting a link between metabolic activity and fungal bioluminescence.[7]

All bioluminescent fungi share the same enzymatic mechanism, suggesting that there is a bioluminescent pathway that arose early in the evolution of the mushroom-forming Agaricales.[2] All known luminescent species are white rot fungi capable of breaking down lignin, found in abundance in wood. Bioluminescence is an oxygen-dependent metabolic process and therefore may provide antioxidant protection against the potentially damaging effects of reactive oxygen species produced during wood decay.

The physiological and ecological function of fungal bioluminescence has not been established with certainty. It has been suggested that in the dark beneath closed tropical forest canopies, bioluminescent fruit bodies may be at an advantage by attracting grazing animals (including insects and other arthropods) that could help disperse their spores. Conversely, where mycelium (and vegetative structures like rhizomorphs and sclerotia) are the bioluminescent tissues, the argument has been made that light emission could deter grazing.[7]

The following list of bioluminescent mushrooms is based on a 2008 literature survey by Dennis Desjardin and colleagues,[8] in addition to accounts of several new species published since then.[9][10][11][12]

Species[edit]

Key

Binomial
The binomial name of the fungal species, including the author citation—the person who first described the species using an available scientific name, using standardized abbreviations.
Luminescence
Indicates which form of the fungus—mycelium or fruit body—produces luminescence.
Distribution
The geographical distribution of the species. AF = Africa; AS = Asia; AU = Australasia; CA = Central America and the Caribbean; EU = Europe; NA = North America; SA = South America.
References
Literature sources where bioluminescence was reported.
Bioluminescent Armillaria novae-zelandiae
Armillaria novae-zelandiae[13]
Mycena vinacea[13]
Bioluminescent Mycena roseoflava
Mycena roseoflava[13]
Armillaria gallica
Mycena chlorophos
Mycena haematopus
Mycena epipterygia
Mycena polygramma
Mycena singeri
Mycena pura
Omphalotus olearius
Gills of O. olearius
Roridomyces roridus
Mycena lucentipes
Omphalotus subilludens
Omphalotus subilludens
Binomial Luminescence Distribution References
Mycelium Fruit body
Armillaria calvescens
Bérubé & Dessur.
Yes ? Eastern NA [14]
Armillaria cepistipes
Velen.
Yes ? NA, Eurasia [14]
Armillaria fuscipes
Petch
Yes No Malaysia, Africa [6][15][16]
Armillaria gallica
Marxm. & Romagn.
Yes No EU, NA, Africa, Japan [17]
Armillaria gemina
Bérubé & Dessur.
Yes ? Eastern NA [14]
Armillaria limonea
(G.Stev.) Boesew.
No Yes Australasia, SA [13]
Armillaria mellea
(Valh.) P.Kumm.
Yes No Eurasia, NA [17][18]
Armillaria nabsnona
T.J. Volk & Burds.
Yes ? Western NA, Asia [14]
Armillaria novae-zelandiae
(G.Stev.) Boesew.
No Yes NZ, Australia, New Guinea, SA [13]
Armillaria ostoyae
(Romagn.) Henrik
Yes No EU, NA [19]
Armillaria sinapina
Bérubé & Dessur.
Yes ? NA, Asia [14]
Armillaria tabescens
(Scop.) Emel
Yes No EU, NA [17]
Collybia tuberosa
(Bull.) P. Kumm
No Only sclerotia EU, NA, Lithuania [20][21]
Cruentomycena orientalis
Har. Takah., Taneyama & Hadano
Yes Yes Japan, Taiwan [22]
Desarmillaria ectypa
(Fr.) R.A. Koch & Aime
Yes Yes (gills) EU [23]
Dictyopanus foliicolus
Kobayasi[a]
Yes Yes Japan [25][26]
Eoscyphella luciurceolata
Silva-Filho, Stevani & Desjardin
No Yes Brazil [4]
Favolaschia manipularis
(Berk.) Teng[b]
? Yes Malaysia, Pacific islands [28][29]
Favolaschia tonkinensis
(Pat.) Kuntze, 1898
No Yes Eastern India, China (Yunnan) [30]
Filoboletus hanedae
(as 'hanedai′) Kobayasi[c]
? Yes Japan [25]
Filoboletus pallescens
(Boedijn) Maas Geest.
? Yes Malaysia, Indonesia (Krakatoa) [32]
Favolaschia peziziformis
(Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Sacc.
? Yes Japan [33]
Filoboletus yunnanensis
P.G.Liu
? Yes China [32]
Gerronema viridilucens
Desjardin, Capelari & Stevani
Yes Yes SA [34]
Marasmiellus venosus
Har. Takah., Taneyama & Hadano
No Yes Japan [35][failed verification]
Mycena aspratilis
Maas Geest. & de Meijer
? Yes (Hymenophore) SA [9]
Mycena asterina
Desjardin, Capelari & Stevani
Yes Yes SA [36]
Mycena cahaya
A.L.C.Chew & Desjardin
Yes Yes Malaysia [37]
Mycena citricolor
(Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Sacc.
Yes No SA, CA, Jamaica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Puerto Rico [16][38]
Mycena chlorophos
(Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Sacc.
Yes Yes Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan, Pacific Islands [29]
Mycena cristinae
J.S. Oliveira
Yes Yes Brazil [1]
Mycena coralliformis
A.L.C. Chew & Desjardin
Yes ? Malaysia [28]
Mycena daisyogunensis
Kobayasi
? Yes Japan [25]
Mycena deeptha
Aravind. & Manim.
Yes No India, Malaysia [11]
Mycena deformis
Maas Geest. & de Meijer
Yes No Brazil [39]
Mycena deusta
Maas Geest. & de Meijer
? Yes Brazil [40]
Mycena discobasis
Metrod
? Yes SA, AF [36]
Mycena sp. 'Erua' Yes Yes NZ [41]
Mycena epipterygia
(Scop.: Fr.) S.F.Gray
Yes No EU, NA, Japan [39]
Mycena fera
Maas Geest. & de Meijer
? Yes SA [36]
Mycena flammifera
Har. Takah. & Taneyama
? Yes Japan [42]
Mycena fulgoris
Cortés-Pérez, Desjardin
No Yes (stipe) Mexico [43]
Mycena fusca
Cleland
? ? South Australia [44]
Mycena galopus
(Pers.: Fr.) P.Kumm.
Yes No EU, NA, Japan [16][39][45]
Mycena globulispora
Maas Geest. & de Meijer
Yes Yes (basidiomes) Brazil [46]
Mycena gombakensis
A.L.C. Chew & Desjardin
Yes Yes Malaysia [28]
Mycena guzmanii
Cortés-Pérez, Desjardin
Yes Yes Mexico [43]
Mycena haematopus
(Pers.: Fr.) P.Kumm.
Yes Yes EU, NA, Japan [45][47]
Mycena illuminans
Henn.
Yes Yes Malaysia, Japan [28][29][48][49]
Mycena inclinata
(Fr.) Quél.
Yes No EU, NA, AF [15]
Mycena jingyinga
C.C. Chang, C.Y. Chen, W.W. Lin & H.W. Kao
Yes No Taiwan [50]
Mycena kentingensis
Y.S. Shih, C.Y. Chen, W.W. Lin & H.W. Kao
? Yes Taiwan [12]
Mycena lacrimans
Singer
? Yes SA (Brazil) [36]
Mycena lazulina
Har. Takah., Taneyama, Terashima & Oba
? Yes Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam, Australia [51]
Mycena lucentipes
Desjardin, Capelari & Stevani
Yes Yes SA, CA [36]
Mycena luguensis
C.C. Chang, C.Y. Chen, W.W. Lin & H.W. Kao
Yes No Taiwan [50]
Mycena lumina
Cortés-Pérez, Desjardin
No Yes Mexico [43]
Mycena lux-coeli
Corner
? Yes Japan [29]
Mycena luxaeterna
B.A.Perry & Desjardin
Yes Yes SA [9]
Mycena luxarboricola
B.A.Perry & Desjardin
No Yes SA [9]
Mycena luxfoliata [ceb]
Har. Takah., Taneyama & Terashima
Yes No Japan [46]
Mycena luxfoliicola
Cortés-Pérez, Desjardin & Ram.-Cruz
Yes Yes Mexico [43]
Mycena luxperpetua
B.A. Perry & Desjardin
Yes Yes Puerto Rico [9]
Mycena maculata
P.Karst.
Yes ? EU, NA, AF [45]
Mycena margarita
(Murrill) Murrill
? Yes (yellowish green light in all parts of the basidiome, or nonluminescent in some populations) Caribbean - Florida (USA), Belize, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, Venezuela, Brazil [52][9]
Mycena nebula
Cortés-Pérez, Desjardin & Rockefeller
No Yes Mexico [43]
Mycena nocticaelum
A.L.C. Chew & Desjardin
Yes Yes Malaysia [28]
Mycena noctilucens
Kawam. ex Corner[d]
? Yes Malaysia, Pacific islands, South Solomons [29][49]
Mycena olivaceomarginata
(Massee apud Cooke) Massee
Yes No EU, NA [15]
Mycena oculisnymphae
Desjardin, B.A. Perry & Stevanir
? Yes (basidiome) Brazil [46]
Mycena perlae
Cortés-Pérez, Desjardin & Rockefeller
No Yes Mexico [43]
Mycena polygramma
(Bull.: Fr.) S.F.Gray
Yes No AF, EU, NA, Japan [16][39][45]
Mycena pruinosoviscida
Corner[e]
? Yes (and spores) AU, Malaysia, Japan (Hachijō-jima) [29][49]
Mycena pseudostylobates
Kobayasi
Yes ? Japan [25]
Mycena pura
(Pers.: Fr.) P.Kumm.
Yes No EU, NA, SA, Japan [45]
Mycena rosea
(Bull.) Gramberg
Yes No EU [45]
Mycena roseoflava
(G.Stev.)
Yes Yes NZ [13]
Mycena sanguinolenta
(Alb. & Schwein.: Fr.) P.Kumm.
Yes No EU, NA, Japan [39]
Mycena seminau
A.L.C.Chew & Desjardin
Yes Yes Malaysia [37]
Mycena silvaelucens
B.A.Perry & Desjardin
? Yes (pileus, lamellae, stipe) Malaysia [9]
Mycena sinar
A.L.C.Chew & Desjardin
Yes Yes Malaysia [37]
Mycena sinar var. tangkaisinar
A.L.C.Chew & Desjardin
? Yes Malaysia [28]
Mycena singeri
Lodge
? Yes SA, CA [36]
Mycena stellaris
Har.Takah., Taneyama & Hadano
? Yes Taiwan [54]
Mycena stylobates
(Pers.: Fr.) P.Kumm.
Yes No AF, EU, NA, Japan [39]
Mycena sublucens
Corner
No Yes Malaysia [29]
Mycena tintinnabulum
(Fr.) Quél.
Yes No EU [55]
Mycena venus
C.C. Chang, C.Y. Chen, W.W. Lin & H.W. Kao
Yes No Taiwan [50]
Mycena vinacea
Cleland
? Yes (basidiomes) AU, NZ [13]
Mycena zephirus
(Fr.: Fr.) P.Kumm.
Yes No EU [39][45]
Neonothopanus gardneri
(Berk. ex Gardner) Capelari, Desjardin, Perry, Asai & Stevani
Yes Yes SA [10][56]
Neonothopanus nambi
(Speg.) Petersen & Krisai-Greilhuber
Yes Yes AU, SA, CA, Malaysia [28][57]
Nothopanus eugrammus
(Mont.) Singer[f]
No Yes Japan, Malaysia, Singapore [57]
Nothopanus noctilucens
(Lév.) Singer
? Yes Japan [59][60]
Omphalotus flagelliformis
Zhu L. Yang & B. Feng
Yes Yes China [61]
Omphalotus illudens
(Schwein.) Bresinsky & Besl.
Yes Yes EU, NA [6][15][16]
Omphalotus japonicus
(Kawam.) Kirchm. & O.K.Mill.[g]
Yes Yes China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan [47][63][64][65]
Omphalotus mangensis
(J.Li & X.Hu) Kirchm. & O.K.Mill.
? Yes China [66]
Omphalotus nidiformis
(Berk.) O.K.Mill.
? Yes AU [67][68]
Omphalotus olearius
(DC.: Fr.) Singer
Yes Yes EU, US [15]
Omphalotus olivascens
H.E.Bigelow, O.K.Mill. & Thiers
No Yes NA [69]
Omphalotus subilludens
(Murrill) H.E.Bigelow
Yes Yes US [70]
Panellus luminescens
(Corner) Corner
Yes Yes Malaysia [28][71][72]
Panellus luxfilamentus
A.L.C. Chew & Desjardin
Yes ? Malaysia [28]
Panellus pusillus
(Pers. ex Lév.) Burdsall & O.K.Mill.[h]
Yes Yes AF, AU, NA, SA, Malaysia, Japan [26][29][60][72][74]
Panellus stipticus
(Bull.: Fr.) P.Karst.
Yes Yes AU, AF, EU, NA, SA, Japan [16][75][18]
Pleurotus decipiens
Corner
? Yes Malaysia [57]
Resinomycena petarensis
Desjardin, B.A. Perry & Stevani
Yes No Brazil [46]
Roridomyces irritans
(E.Horak) Rexer
No Yes AU [76]
Roridomyces phyllostachydis
Karun., Mortimer and Axford
No Yes India [77]
Roridomyces pruinosoviscidus
A.L.C. Chew & Desjardin
Yes Yes Malaysia, Bismark Archipelago [28]
Roridomyces lamprosporus
(Corner) Rexer[i]
No Yes (spores) Malaysia, AU [49][71][76]
Roridomyces roridus
(Fr.) Rexer[j]
Yes No EU, NA, SA, Japan [81]
Roridomyces viridiluminus
L.A.P. Dauner, Karunarathna & P.E. Mortimer
Yes Yes China (Yunnan) [82]
Tricholoma sciodes
(Pers.) C. Martín
Yes No Lithuania [21]
Xylaria hypoxylon
(L.) Grev.
? Allegedly (?) EU [83][18]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Apparently it is the same species as given in Index Fungorum with a current name as Dictyopanus foliicola Kobayasi.[24]
  2. ^ This species is given in Audrey et al. (2015) as Filoboletus manipularis and in Corner (1954) as Mycena manipularis var. microporus, but Index Fungorum indicates that Favolaschia manipularis is the current name.[27]
  3. ^ This species is given in Kobayasi (1951) as Poromycena hanedae (as ′hanedai′) but Index Fungorum indicates that Filoboletus hanedae (as ′hanedai′) is the current name.[31]
  4. ^ This species is presumably given in Corner (1994) as Mycena Noctilucens var. magnispora but Index Fungorum indicates that Mycena Noctilucens is the current name.
  5. ^ This species is given in Corner (1954) and presumably in Corner (1994) as Mycena pruinoso-viscida and Mycena pruinoso-viscida var. rabaulensis but Index Fungorum indicates that Mycena pruinosoviscida is the current name.[53]
  6. ^ This species is given in Corner (1981) as Pleurotus eugrammus var. radicicolus, but Index Fungorum indicates that Nothopanus eugrammus is the current name.[58]
  7. ^ This species is given in Zang (1979) as Lampteromyces luminescens, but Index Fungorum indicates that Omphalotus japonicus is the current name.[62]
  8. ^ This species is given in Corner (1954) as Dictyopanus pusillus var. sublamellatus and in Kobayasi (1963), Corner (1954), Corner (1986) as Panellus gloeocystidiatus but Index Fungorum indicates that Panellus pusillus is the current name.[73]
  9. ^ This species is given in Corner (1994), Corner (1950), Horak (1978) as Mycena lamprospora, but Index Fungorum indicates that Roridomyces lamprosporus is the current name.[78]
  10. ^ This species is given in Desjardin et al. (2008) as Mycena rorida, but both Index Fungorum and MycoBank indicate that Roridomyces roridus is the current name.[79][80]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Seas-Carvajal C, Avalos G (2013). "Distribution of bioluminescent fungi across old-growth and secondary tropical rain forest in Costa Rica" (PDF). Revista de Biologia Tropica. 61 (2): 531–537. PMID 23885571.
  2. ^ a b Oliveira AG, Desjardin DE, Perry BA, Stevani CV (2012). "Evidence that a single bioluminescent system is shared by all known bioluminescent fungal lineages" (PDF). Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences. 11 (2): 848–852. doi:10.1039/c2pp25032b. PMID 22495263. S2CID 205831865.
  3. ^ Vydryakova GA, Psurtseva NV, Belova NV, Pashenova NV, Gitelson JI (2009). "Luminous mushrooms and prospects of their use". Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya (in Russian). 43 (5): 369–376. ISSN 0026-3648.
  4. ^ a b Silva-Filho, Alexandre G. S.; Mombert, Andgelo; Nascimento, Cristiano C.; Nóbrega, Bianca B.; Soares, Douglas M. M.; Martins, Ana G. S.; Domingos, Adão H. R.; Santos, Isaias; Della-Torre, Olavo H. P.; Perry, Brian A.; Desjardin, Dennis E.; Stevani, Cassius V.; Menolli, Nelson (October 2023). "Eoscyphella luciurceolata gen. and sp. nov. (Agaricomycetes) Shed Light on Cyphellopsidaceae with a New Lineage of Bioluminescent Fungi". Journal of Fungi. 9 (10): 1004. doi:10.3390/jof9101004. ISSN 2309-608X. PMC 10608165. PMID 37888262.
  5. ^ O'Kane DJ, Lingle WL, Porter D, Wampler JE (1990). "Spectral analysis of bioluminescence of Panellus stypticus". Mycologia. 82 (5): 607–616. doi:10.2307/3760051. JSTOR 3760051.
  6. ^ a b c Wassink EC (1978). "Luminescence in fungi". In Herring PJ (ed.). Bioluminescence in Action. London, UK: Academic Press. pp. 171–195. ISBN 978-0-123-42750-2.
  7. ^ a b c Moore D, Robson GD, Trinci APF (2011). 21st Century Guidebook to Fungi. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 246. ISBN 978-0-521-18695-7.
  8. ^ Desjardin DE, Oliveira AG, Stevani CV (2008). "Fungi bioluminescence revisited". Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences. 7 (2): 170–182. doi:10.1039/b713328f. PMID 18264584. S2CID 10637645.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Desjardin DE, Perry BA, Lodge DJ, Stevani CV, Nagasawa E (2010). "Luminescent Mycena: new and noteworthy species". Mycologia (Submitted manuscript). 102 (2): 459–477. doi:10.3852/09-197. PMID 20361513. S2CID 25377671. Archived from the original on 2018-11-11. Retrieved 2018-09-23.
  10. ^ a b Capelari M, Desjardin DE, Perry BA, Asai T, Stevani CV (2011). "Neonothopanus gardneri: a new combination for a bioluminescent agaric from Brazil". Mycologia. 103 (6): 1433–1440. doi:10.3852/11-097. PMID 21700638. S2CID 1333393.
  11. ^ a b Aravindakshan DM, Kumar TKA, Manimohan P (2012). "A new bioluminescent species of Mycena sect. Exornatae from Kerala State, India" (PDF). Mycosphere. 3 (5): 556–561. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/3/5/4.
  12. ^ a b Shih Y-S, Chen C-Y, Lin W-W, Kao H-W (2013). "Mycena kentingensis, a new species of luminous mushroom in Taiwan, with reference to its culture method". Mycological Progress. 13 (2): 429–435. doi:10.1007/s11557-013-0939-x. S2CID 52873712.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g "Bioluminescence in the Bush - Glow in the Dark Mushrooms in New Zealand". NZFungi. 2021-05-08. Retrieved 2021-07-13.
  14. ^ a b c d e Mihail JD (2015). "Bioluminescence patterns among North American Armillaria species". Fungal Biology. 119 (6): 528–537. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2015.02.004. PMID 25986550.
  15. ^ a b c d e Wassink EC (1948). "Observations on the luminescence in fungi, I, including a critical review of the species mentioned as luminescent in literature". Recueil des Travaux Botaniques Néerlandais. 41: 150–212.
  16. ^ a b c d e f Berliner MD (1961). "Diurnal periodicity of luminescence in three basidiomycetes". Science. 134 (3481): 740. Bibcode:1961Sci...134..740B. doi:10.1126/science.134.3481.740. PMID 17795289. S2CID 21001720.
  17. ^ a b c Mihail JD, Bruhn JN (2007). "Dynamics of bioluminescence by Armillaria gallica, A. mellea and A. tabescens" (PDF). Mycologia. 99 (3): 341–350. doi:10.3852/mycologia.99.3.341. PMID 17883025.
  18. ^ a b c Murrill, William A. (1915). "Luminescence in the Fungi". Mycologia. v.7 (3). [Bronx, etc.]: New York Botanical Garden: 131–133. doi:10.1080/00275514.1915.12021702 – via www.biodiversitylibrary.org.
  19. ^ Rishbeth J. (1986). "Some characteristics of English Armillaria species in culture". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 86 (2): 213–218. doi:10.1016/S0007-1536(86)80147-4.
  20. ^ Vydryakova GA, Psurtseva NV, Belova NV, Gusev AA, Pashenova NV, Medvedeva SE, Rodicheva EK, Gitelson JI (2008). "Luminous mushrooms". In Shen X, Yang X, Zhang X (eds.). Bioluminescence and chemiluminescence - light emission: Biology and scientific applications - proceedings of the 15th international symposium. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd. pp. 79–82. ISBN 978-981-283-958-9.
  21. ^ a b Malakauskienė, A (2018). "Reported and potential bioluminescent species in Lithuania". Biologija. 64 (3): 181–190. doi:10.6001/biologija.v64i3.3823. S2CID 92788080.
  22. ^ いりさじょうじ. "New Discovery: Bioluminescent Cruentomycena orientalis!!". きのこびと (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-08-31.
  23. ^ Ainsworth, Martyn (2004-10-01). "Searching for luminous mushrooms of the Marsh Fungus Armillaria ectypa". Field Mycology. 5 (4): 142–144. doi:10.1016/S1468-1641(10)60279-4. ISSN 1468-1641.
  24. ^ "GSD Species Synonymy: Dictyopanus foliicola Kobayasi". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2015-09-12.
  25. ^ a b c d Kobayasi Y. (1951). "Contributions to the luminous fungi from Japan". Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory. 5: 1–6.
  26. ^ a b Kobayasi Y. (1963). "Revision of the genus Dictyopanus with special references to the Japanese species". Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo. 6: 359–364.
  27. ^ "Synonymy: Favolaschia manipularis (Berk.) Teng". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2015-09-11.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Audrey LCC, Desjardin DE, Tan Y-S, Musa Md Y, Sabaratnam V (2015). "Bioluminescent fungi from Peninsular Malaysia—a taxonomic and phylogenetic overview". Fungal Diversity. 70 (1): 149–187. doi:10.1007/s13225-014-0302-9. S2CID 43792032.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h Corner EJH (1954). "Further descriptions of luminous agarics". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 37 (3): 256–71. doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(54)80009-x.
  30. ^ "Mushroom.Pro: Favolaschia tonkinensis - China". www.mushroom.pro. Retrieved 2022-03-31.
  31. ^ "Species Fungorum; Synonymy: Filoboletus hanedae (Kobayasi) Hongo". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2015-09-12.
  32. ^ a b Liu P-G, Yang Z-L (1994). "Studies of classification and geographic distribution of Laschia-complex from the Southern and Southeastern Yunnan, China". Acta Botanica Yunnanica (in Chinese). 16 (1): 47–52.
  33. ^ "エナシラッシタケ / Favolaschia peziziformis". First Qualia (in Japanese). 2018-07-07. Retrieved 2021-08-18.
  34. ^ Desjardin DE, Capelari M, Stevani CV (2005). "A new bioluminescent agaric from São Paulo, Brazil" (PDF). Fungal Diversity. 18 (9): 9–14.
  35. ^ 芳江, 寺嶋; 春樹, 高橋; 裕一, 種山 (2016). 南西日本菌類誌 : 軟質高等菌類 [The fungal flora in southwestern Japan: agarics and boletes]. S2CID 89254172. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  36. ^ a b c d e f Desjardin DE, Capelari M, Stevani C (2007). "Bioluminescent Mycena species from São Paulo, Brazil". Mycologia. 99 (2): 317–331. doi:10.3852/mycologia.99.2.317. PMID 17682785.
  37. ^ a b c Chew AL, Tan Y-S, Desjardin DE, Musa MY, Sabaratnam V (2014). "Four new bioluminescent taxa of Mycena sect. Calodontes from Peninsular Malaysia". Mycologia. 106 (5): 976–988. doi:10.3852/13-274. PMID 24891424. S2CID 207706192.
  38. ^ Buller AHR (1934). "Omphalia flavida, a gemmiferous and luminous leaf-spot fungus". Researches on Fungi. Vol. 4. London; New York; Toronto: Longmans, Green and Company. pp. 397–454.
  39. ^ a b c d e f g Bothe F. (1931). "Über das Leuchten verwesender Blätter und seine Erreger" [About the glow of decaying leaves and their agents]. Zeitschrift für Wissenschafteliche Biologie Abteilung A (in German). 14 (3/4): 752–765. Bibcode:1931Plant..14..752B. doi:10.1007/bf01917160. S2CID 37761114.
  40. ^ "Mycena deusta". www.mushroom.pro. Retrieved 2022-03-31.
  41. ^ "Specimen Details". scd.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  42. ^ "妖菌図鑑 - モリノアヤシビ Mycena flammifera". sites.google.com. Retrieved 2022-08-26.
  43. ^ a b c d e f Cortés-Pérez, Alonso; Desjardin, Dennis E.; Perry, Brian A.; Ramírez-Cruz, Virginia; Ramírez-Guillén, Florencia; Villalobos-Arámbula, Alma R.; Rockefeller, Alan (2019-03-04). "New species and records of bioluminescent Mycena from Mexico". Mycologia. 111 (2): 319–338. doi:10.1080/00275514.2018.1554172. ISSN 0027-5514. PMID 30908110. S2CID 85514567.
  44. ^ "Mushroom Observer". mushroomobserver.org. Retrieved 2022-03-24.
  45. ^ a b c d e f g Treu R, Agerer R (1990). "Culture characteristics of some Mycena species". Mycotaxon. 38: 279–309.
  46. ^ a b c d Desjardin, Dennis E.; Perry, Brian A.; Stevani, Cassius V. (2016-11-01). "New luminescent mycenoid fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) from São Paulo State, Brazil". Mycologia. 108 (6): 1165–1174. doi:10.3852/16-077 (inactive 1 February 2024). ISSN 0027-5514. PMID 27621286.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of February 2024 (link)
  47. ^ a b Bermudes D, Petersen RH, Nealson KH (1992). "Low-level bioluminescence detected in Mycena haematopus basidiocarps". Mycologia. 84 (5): 799–802. doi:10.2307/3760392. hdl:10211.2/2130. JSTOR 3760392.
  48. ^ Haneda Y. (1939). "A few observations on the luminous fungi of Micronesia". Kagaku Nanyo [South Sea Science] (in Japanese). 1 (3): 116–128.
  49. ^ a b c d Corner EJH (1994). Agarics in Malaysia. I. Tricholomatoid, II. Mycenoid. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia. Vol. 109. pp. 1–271. ISBN 978-3-443-51031-2.
  50. ^ a b c Chang, Chiung-Chih; Chen, Chi-Yu; Lin, Wen-Wen; Kao, Hsiao-Wei (2020). "Mycena jingyinga, Mycena luguensis, and Mycena venus: three new species of bioluminescent fungi from Taiwan". Taiwania. 65 (3): 396–406. doi:10.6165/tai.2020.65.396.
  51. ^ Takahashi; et al. (2016). The Agaric flora in Southwestern Japan. p. 209.
  52. ^ Alves, Maria Helena; Nascimento, Cristiano Coelho do (2014-02-01). "Mycena margarita (Murrill) Murrill, 1916 (Basidiomycota: Agaricales: Mycenaceae): a bioluminescent agaric first recorded in Brazil". Check List. 10 (1): 239. doi:10.15560/10.1.239. ISSN 1809-127X.
  53. ^ "Species Fungorum; synonymy: Mycena pruinosoviscida Corner". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2015-09-11.
  54. ^ "蕈哥菇妹園地(The Forum of Fungi) | putting Taiwan Fungi on the map". fungimap.biodiv.tw. Retrieved 2022-09-15.
  55. ^ Bothe F. (1930). "Ein neuer einheimischer Leuchtpilz, Mycena tintinnabulum" [A new local luminous mushroom, Mycena tintinnabulum]. Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft (in German). 48: 394–399. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1930.tb00660.x. S2CID 257823350.
  56. ^ Saccardo PA (1887). "Sylloge Hymenomycetum, Vol. I. Agaricineae". Sylloge Fungorum (in Latin). 5: 1–1146.
  57. ^ a b c Corner EJH (1981). The agaric genera Lentinus, Panus, and Pleurotus, with particular reference to Malaysian species. Vaduz, Germany: J. Cramer. ISBN 978-3-7682-5469-4.
  58. ^ "Species Fungorum; synonymy: Nothopanus eugrammus (Mont.) Singer". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2015-09-12.
  59. ^ Léveillé JH (1844). "Champignons exotiques". Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique. Série 3 (in French). 2: 167–221.
  60. ^ a b Haneda Y. (1955). "Luminous organisms of Japan and the Far East". In Johnson FH (ed.). The Luminescence of Biological Systems. Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science. pp. 335–385.
  61. ^ Yang Z-L, Feng B (2013). "The genus Omphalotus (Omphalotaceae) in China" (PDF). Mycosystema. 32 (3): 545–556. ISSN 1672-6472.
  62. ^ "Species Fungorum: Omphalotus japonicus (Kawam.) Kirchm. & O.K. Mill". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2015-09-11.
  63. ^ Kawamura S. (1915). "Studies on the luminous fungus, Pleurotus japonicus, sp. nov" (PDF). Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo. 35: 1–29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-12-16. Retrieved 2012-09-08.
  64. ^ Singer R. (1947). "New genera of fungi, III". Mycologia. 39 (1): 77–89. doi:10.2307/3755289. JSTOR 3755289. PMID 20283546.
  65. ^ Zang M. (1979). "Some new species of higher fungi from Xizang (Tibet) of China". Acta Botanica Yunnanica. 1 (2): 101–105.
  66. ^ Li J, Hu X (1993). "A new species of Lampteromyces from Hunan". Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Normalis Hunanensis (in Chinese). 16 (2): 188–189.
  67. ^ Berkeley MJ (1844). "Decades of fungi". London Journal of Botany. 3: 329–337.
  68. ^ Miller Jr OK. (1994). "Observations on the genus Omphalotus in Australia". Mycologia Helvetica. 6: 91–100.
  69. ^ Bigelow HE, Miller Jr OK, Thiers HD (1976). "A new species of Omphalotus". Mycotaxon. 3 (3): 363–372.
  70. ^ Desjardin, Dennis E.; Oliveira, Anderson G.; Stevani, Cassius V. (2008-02-11). "Fungi bioluminescence revisited". Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences. 7 (2): 170–182. doi:10.1039/B713328F. ISSN 1474-9092. PMID 18264584. S2CID 10637645.
  71. ^ a b Corner EJH (1950). "Descriptions of two luminous tropical agarics (Dictyopanus and Mycena)". Mycologia. 42 (3): 423–431. doi:10.2307/3755797. JSTOR 3755797.
  72. ^ a b Corner EJH (1986). "The agaric genus Panellus Karst. (including Dictyopanus Pat.) in Malaysia". The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore. 39 (2): 103–147.
  73. ^ "GSD Species Synonymy: Dictyopanus pusillus var. sublamellatus Corner". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2015-09-11.
  74. ^ Burdsall HH, Miller Jr OK (1975). A reevaluation of Panellus and Dictyopanus (Agaricales). Nova Hedwigia Beihefte. Vol. 51. pp. 79–91.
  75. ^ Buller AHR (1924). "The bioluminescence of Panus stipticus". Researches on Fungi. Vol. 3. London, England: Longman. pp. 357–431.
  76. ^ a b Horak E. (1978). "Mycena rorida (Fr.) Quél. and related species from the southern Hemisphere". Berichte der Schweizerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft. 88 (1–2): 20–29. doi:10.5169/seals-62336.
  77. ^ Karunarathna, Samantha C.; Mortimer, Peter Edward; Tibpromma, Saowaluck; Dutta, Arun Kumar; Lumyong, Saisamorn (2020-09-12). "Roridomyces phyllostachydis (Agaricales, Mycenaceae), a new bioluminescent fungus from Northeast India". Phytotaxa. 459 (2): 155–167. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.459.2.6. ISSN 1179-3155. S2CID 225193129. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  78. ^ "Species Fungorum; Synonymy: Roridomyces lamprosporus (Corner) Rexer". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2015-09-11.
  79. ^ "GSD Species Synonymy: Roridomyces roridus (Fr.) Rexer". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2014-02-22.
  80. ^ "Roridomyces roridus (Fr.) Rexer, Die Gattung Mycena s.l.: 132 (1994)". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2014-02-22.
  81. ^ Josserand M. (1953). "Sur la luminescence de Mycena rorida en Europe occidentale" [On the luminescence of Mycena rorida in Western Europe]. Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon (in French). 22 (4): 99–102. doi:10.3406/linly.1953.7561.
  82. ^ DAUNER, LUCAS A.P.; KARUNARATHNA, SAMANTHA C.; TIBPROMMA, SAOWALUCK; XU, JIANCHU; MORTIMER, PETER E. (2021-02-26). "Bioluminescent fungus Roridomyces viridiluminus sp. nov. and the first Chinese record of the genus Roridomyces, from Southwestern China". Phytotaxa. 487 (3): 233–250. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.4. ISSN 1179-3163. S2CID 233926829.
  83. ^ "First Nature: Xylaria hypoxylon (L.) Grev. - Candlesnuff Fungus". First Nature. Retrieved 2015-09-12.

External links[edit]