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Molokaʻi dialect

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Molokaʻi dialect
Te Reo Morotaʻi
Pronunciation[tɛˈɾɛo moˈɾoˈtəʔi]
Native toHawaiian Islands
RegionMolokaʻi, Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi
EthnicityNative Hawaiians
Language codes
ISO 639-3
The dialect is native to Molokaʻi (dark red), and a significant Molokaʻi diaspora lives in Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi island (light red)
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The Molokaʻi dialect (Standard Hawaiian: ʻŌlelo Moloka[ʻ]i, Molokai dialect: Te Reo Morota[ʻ]i, lit. "Molokaʻi language") is a rare dialect of the Hawaiian language spoken on Molokai. With a substantial number of speakers living on Oʻahu and Hawaiʻi Island.[1]

Phonology

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Consonant

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Labial Alveolar Velar Glottal
Nasal m n
Plosive p k ~ t ʔ
Fricative w ~ v h
Sonorant l ~ ɾ

Vowels

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Like the Hawaiian taught in universities, Te Reo Morotaʻi has five short and long vowels, and diphthongs.

Short Long
Front Back Front Back
Close i u
Mid ɛ ~ e o
Open a ~ ɐ ~ ə

Dipthongs

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Short Dipthongs
 Ending with /u/   Ending with /i/   Ending with /o/   Ending with /e/ 
Starting with /i/ iu      
Starting with /o/ ou oi    
Starting with /e/ eu ei    
Starting with /a/ au ai ao ae

Short-vowel diphthongs include /iu, ou, oi, eu, ei, au, ai, ao, ae/. These are all falling diphthongs, with the exception of perhaps /iu/. However, they are not as firmly connected as English diphthongs and may be classified as vowel sequences. (The second vowel in such sequences may get stress, but it is not considered a diphthong.) In quick speech, /ai/ tends to [ei] and /au/ tends to [ou], hence these diphthongs are conflated with /ei/ and /ou/.

Some writers consider the following sequences as diphthongs: /oːu, eːi, aːu, aːi, aːo, aːe/. There are just a few vowels that can come after long vowels.

Long Dipthongs
 Ending with /u/   Ending with /i/   Ending with /o/   Ending with /e/ 
Starting with /o/ oːu      
Starting with /e/   eːi    
Starting with /a/ aːu aːi aːo aːe

Words and Examples

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Words in Molokaʻi dialect
English Standard Hawaiian Molokaʻi dialect
Good Maikaʻi Maitaʻi
Rare Kakaʻikahi Kataʻikahi
Same Like Rike
This Kēia Tēia (Tēa)
Want Makemake Matemate
No ʻAʻole Taʻore
I, Me Koʻu Toʻu
to listen Hoʻolohe Tohorohe
Stand up
Sleep Moe Mohe
Awake Ala Ara
Run Holo Horo
Dodge Hala ʻAro

Examples:

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English Standard Hawaiian Molokaʻi dialect
It was good Ua maikaʻi nui Tua maitaʻi nui
in the same time i ka manawa like i ta manawa rike

Reference

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  1. ^ "Hawaiian: Ethnologue".