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Neo-Nazism

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Neo-Nazism refers to the ideology of those who long for Nazism. Neo-Nazis tend to be antisemitic[a], xenophobic, homophobic and ultranationalist. Neo-Nazis like the symbols of Nazi Germany, like the swastika. Neo-Nazism has been linked to far-right political parties in England, such as the National Front and the British Nationalist Party linked to the skinhead subculture.

A demonstration organised by the youth movement of the far-right National Democratic Party of Germany in 2004. The Imperial German flag was used due to the ban on the Nazi flag.
A group of neo-Nazis commemorating Rudolf Hess. The banner reads: Martyrs never die!
Some Neo-Nazis are skinheads.
White nationalists preparing to enter the Emancipation Park, holding Nazi, Confederate, and libertarian flags during the Unite the Right rally on August 12, 2017.
White nationalists protesting in Poland, 2024.

Connections with other ideologies

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Islamism

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Main article: Islamism
Further information: Nation of Islam and racism

1960s

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In the 1960s, Neo-Nazi groups partnered with Elijah Muhammad, then the leader of the influential[1] American Islamist group Nation of Islam (NOI), due to their mutual support for racial separatism.[2] Elijah worked with the KKK to buy farmland in the Deep South with a view to building Black-only colonies,[2] one of which was founded as the Temple Farms, now called the Muhammad Farms, in Terrel County, Georgia.[2]

In the following 10 years, Elijah received huge funding from White supremacist Texas oil baron H. L. Hunt, which was used by Elijah to build luxurious homes for his own family.[2] George Lincoln Rockwell, American Nazi Party's founder, praised Elijah Muhammad as "the Hitler of the Black man".[2]

Prominent Black American activist Malcolm X was also an NOI member until March 8, 1964.[3] Malcolm X had made a series of antisemitic speeches,[4] which promoted the The Protocols of the Elders of Zion among Ivy League-based academics and Black Americans.[4] X accused Jews of being "bloodsuckers [...] perfecting the modern evil of neocolonialism".[4]

X also engaged in Holocaust denial[b] by blaming Jews for having "brought it upon themselves", based on his distorted view of certain events.[4] In 1961, X spoke at an NOI rally along with George Lincoln Rockwell, the leader of the American Nazi Party, who claimed that Black nationalism and White supremacy shared a common vision.[5]

1970s

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Elijah Muhammad passed away in 1975.[2] Louis Farrakhan succeeded him as the leader of the NOI.[2][6]

1980s

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In September 1984, former KKK member Tom Metzger[7] donated $100 to Farrakhan's NOI after being impressed by his antisemitic rhetoric at a Los Angeles event.[6][8] The donation was followed by Metzger's gathering of 200 White supremacists to pledge support for Farrakhan's NOI.[4][8]

1990s

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In 1995, Farrakhan repeated the common Neo-Nazi Holocaust deniers' claim that the Jews caused the Holocaust themselves[9][10] by alleging that "German Jews financed Hitler right here in America [...] International bankers financed Hitler and poor Jews died while big Jews were at the root of what you call the Holocaust".[11] In October, he mobilized 440,000 men to attend the Million Man March in Washington, D.C.,[12] the tenth-largest march in American history,[12][13] when he called himself "a prophet sent by God to show America its evil".[14]

2000s

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Further information: Ku Klux Klan, Goyim Defense League, and Roman Catholics and antisemitism in the 21st century

David Duke, the former KKK leader, also has deep connections with Islamist groups, especially the Iranian regime. On December 11 – 13, 2006, Duke attended a Holocaust-denying conference in Iran upon invitation from the Iranian regime,[15] when he repeated the common Islamist rhetoric of "Zionists weaponizing the Holocaust to deny the rights of the Palestinians" and engaged in Holocaust denial by claiming that "[T]he Holocaust [...] is the pillar of Zionist imperialism, Zionist aggression, Zionist terror and Zionist murder."[15] He was one of the 70 participants of the conference.[15]

2010s

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On September 11, 2012, Duke was interviewed by the Iranian state television Press TV, during which he alleged that "the Jews created the 9/11 attack and Iraq War in the media, the government and international finance".[16] He repeated the claim in another Press TV interview in 2013,[16] insisting that "Jews' control of the U.S. is the world's greatest single problem"[16] – a claim made by Henry Ford in the 1920s and later adopted by Adolf Hitler to justify WWII and the Holocaust.[17]

2020s

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In June 2024, Duke attended a pro-Palestine event along with radical traditionalist Catholics Nick Fuentes[18] and Jake Shields,[19] during which they preached to Muslim attendees about the following:[19]

Flag of the Neo-Nazi group Goyim Defense League (GDL).
Flag of the Traditionalist Worker Party (TWP).

Meanwhile, Goyim Defense League (GDL), one of the most active KKK-allied American Neo-Nazi groups as of February 2025, which regularly denies the Holocaust and harasses American Jews by holding violent marches and dropping antisemitic flyers over Jewish neighborhoods,[20] supports the Islamist groups Hamas, Houthis, Hezbollah and the Iranian regime.[21][22] The GDL celebrated the October 7 massacre in 2023 during a live episode:[21]

Come on guys, it's time to dance! Get those Jews! [...] Let's go Lebanon, Iran! Wipe Israel off the map!

Then, GDL members attended pro-Palestine events to recruit new followers and adopted anti-Zionist rhetoric to expand their influence.[21][22] While some critics expressed confusion over this,[21] often due to the common perception that Neo-Nazis are anti-Muslim,[21] it is not weird. Collaboration between Nazis and Islamists happened during the Holocaust[23][24] and in post-war America,[2][25] despite the lack of coverage in history textbooks.[26] Just as the GDL, the Traditionalist Worker Party (TWP) – a Neo-Nazi party seeking to build a "national socialist" ethno-state for White people[27] – endorsed the October 7 massacre by adopting the anti-Zionist Islamist rhetoric in their antisemitic propaganda:[21]

[The attack was ... ] breaking out of a concentration camp [. ...] solidarity with the Palestinian [. ...] Jews are welcome [. ... if they] cease and desist their genocidal campaigns. Free Palestine.

Meanwhile, the Neo-Nazi group National Socialist Front (NSF) Florida, also known as the Natsoc Florida,[28] took a step further by selling T-shirts that featured Hamas paragliders and rifles alongside the slogan "F*** Israel" – a popular image among Islamists since October 7, 2023.[21]

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Footnotes

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  1. ↑ "Working Definition Of Antisemitism". World Jewish Congress (WJC). Retrieved October 22, 2024.
    IHRA Working Definition of Antisemitism :
  2. ↑ "Working Definition of Holocaust Denial and Distortion". International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA). Retrieved October 17, 2024. Distortion of the Holocaust refers, inter alia, to:
    • Intentional efforts to excuse or minimize the the Holocaust or its principal elements, including collaborators and allies of Nazi Germany
    • Gross minimization of the number of the victims of the Holocaust in contradiction to reliable sources
    • Attempts to blame the Jews for causing their own genocide
    • Statements that cast the Holocaust as a positive historical event. Those statements are not Holocaust denial but are closely connected to it as a radical form of antisemitism. They may suggest that the Holocaust did not go far enough in accomplishing its goal of "the Final Solution of the Jewish Question"
    • Attempts to blur the responsibility for the establishment of concentration and death camps devised and operated by Nazi Germany by putting blame on other nations or ethnic groups

References

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  1. ↑ Curtis, Edward E. (2002). "Islamizing the Black Body: Ritual and Power in Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 12 (2): 167–196. doi:10.1525/rac.2002.12.2.167. ISSN 1052-1151.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7
    • Washington Post, May 6, 1967, p. E-15, July 2, 1967, January 30, 1975, p. B7; Hakim Jamal, From the Dead Level, pp. 247–48; Louis Lomax To Kill a Black Man, pp. 108–09; Karl Evanzz, The Judas Factor, pp. 284–86, The Messenger, p. 303.
    • "The Messenger Passes", Time, March 10, 1975.
    • Evanzz, Karl, The Judas Factor, The Plot to Kill Malcolm X, pp. 205–206, Thunder's Mouth Press, NY, 1992; Marable, Manning, Along the Color Line Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, reprinted in the Columbus Free Press, January 17, 1997.
    • Rolinson, Mary, Grassroots Garveyism, p. 193, UNC Press Books, 2007.
  3. ↑ Handler, M. S. (March 9, 1964). "Malcolm X Splits with Muhammad". The New York Times. p. 1. Archived from the original on April 7, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4
  5. ↑ Heer, Jeet (May 11, 2016). "Farrakhan's Grand Illusion". The New Republic. Archived from the original on April 4, 2022. Retrieved June 26, 2019.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1
  7. ↑ "Tom Metzger". Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC). Retrieved February 22, 2025.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1
  9. ↑
  10. ↑
  11. ↑ "Farrakhan In His Own Words" (PDF). The Anti-Defamation League. March 20, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 14, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "The 3 to 5 Million Man March". January 16, 2009.
  13. ↑ Agrawal, Nina (January 21, 2017). "Before the Women's March on Washington there was the Million Woman March…and the Million Man March". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 22, 2025.
  14. ↑ Wilgoren, Debbi (October 22, 1995). "Farrakhan's Speech: Masons, Mysticism, More". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "Iranian leader says Israel will be 'wiped out'". NBC News. December 11, 2006. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 "Iran's Press TV: Broadcasting Anti-Semitism To English Speaking World" (PDF). Anti-Defamation League (ADL). April 1, 2015. Retrieved February 27, 2025.
  17. ↑
  18. ↑
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1
  20. ↑ "Patrick Little's "Name the Jew" Tour Spreads Anti-Semitic Hate Nationwide". ADL. August 23, 2018. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "ANTISEMITISM". Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC). 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024. As the violence in Israel and Palestine continues [. ...] Antisemitic hate groups will likely continue to attend anti-Israel demonstrations and incorporate anti-Zionist rhetoric into their broader propaganda and recruitment efforts.
  23. ↑
  24. ↑
  25. ↑
  26. ↑
  27. ↑ "Traditionalist Worker Party (TWP)". Anti-Defamation League (ADL). February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 26, 2025.
  28. ↑ "National Socialist Front (NSF)". Anti-Defamation League (ADL). December 6, 2022. Retrieved February 26, 2025. July 3, 2024
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