PMD series mines

PMD
PMD
	A PMD-6
Type	Anti-personnel mine
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
Used by	See users
Wars	World War II; Myanmar conflict; Korean War; Vietnam War; Portuguese Colonial War; Eritrean War of Independence; North Yemen civil war; Aden Emergency; Rhodesian Bush War; Cambodian Civil War; Angolan Civil War; Nicaraguan Revolution; Soviet-Afghan War; First Nagorno-Karabakh War; Gulf War; Tajik Civil War; Yemeni civil war (1994); First Congo War;
Production history
Variants	See variants
Specifications (PMD-6)
Mass	400 g (14 oz)
Length	190 mm (7.5 in)
Width	90 mm (3.5 in)
Height	65 mm (2.6 in)
Filling	TNT
Filling weight	200 g (7.1 oz)
Detonation; mechanism	Pressure or tripwire
References

The PMD-6, PMD-7 and PMD-57 series mines are Soviet Union blast-type anti-personnel mines that consist of a wooden box with a hinged lid with a slot cut into it. The slot presses down against a retaining pin, which holds back the striker. When sufficient pressure is applied to the lid of the box the retaining pin moves, allowing the striker to hit the detonator. The mines typically have an operating pressure of 1 to 10 kg.

Due its minimal use of metal, it was virtually indetectable by 1940s metal detectors, but by the late 1990s it could be located at a range of 30 m (98 ft) with a Ebinger 420 or other contemporary detectors.^[2] As with other wooden box mines, the mine has a relatively short lifetime since the box is vulnerable to rotting and splitting, disabling the mine.^[1] In dry climates however, PMD-6s were found in operational condition up to ten years after being laid.^[3]

The mines are sometimes used with mortar bombs in place of the normal explosive blocks.

Variants

PMD-6 − original version of the mine, first used in the 1939 Winter War between the Soviet Union and Finland.
PMD-6M − slightly larger version of the mine, with a leaf spring installed inside the box to increase operating pressure, which allows safer handling during minelaying.
PMD-6F − a version used extensively during the Siege of Leningrad, with an ammonium nitrate/fuel oil (ANFO) main charge.
PMD-7 − smaller version of the mine, using a cylindrical main charge.
PMD-7ts − consists of a solid wooden block hollowed out to accept the main charge and fuse.
PMD-57 − A later, larger box mine, using a larger warhead.
Type 59 − Chinese copy^[1]
PP Mi-D − Czech copy^[1]
PMD-1 − Yugoslav copy^[1]

Due the mine simple construction and to evade the arms embargo, Rhodesia produced copies of the PMD-6 during the Rhodesian Bush War.^[4]

Specifications

	PMD-6	PMD-6M	PMD-7	PMD-7ts	PMD-57
Weight	400 g	400 g	400 g (approx)	400 g
Explosive content	200 g	200 g	75 or 200 g	50 or 75 g	400 g
Length	198 mm	190 mm	152 mm		200 mm
Width	85 mm	89 mm	76 mm		100 mm
Height	65 mm	65 mm	51 mm		80 mm
Operating pressure	1 to 10 kg	6 kg	1 to 9 kg		19 kg

Users

Afghanistan^[1]
Albania − PMD-6 produced locally until 1991. Stockpiles destroyed in 2002^[5]
Algeria − PMD-6 and PMD-6M, used for training only^[6]
Angola − PMD-6, used for training only^[7]
Armenia^[8]
China − Produced locally as the Type 59^[9]
Congo-Kinshasa − PMD-6, used for training only^[10]
Czechoslovakia − Produced locally as the PP Mi-D^[1]
Ecuador − PMD-6M. Stockpiles destroyed in 2002^[11]
Eritrea − PMD-6, seized from Ethiopian depots or minefields^[12]
Ethiopia^[1]
Iraq − PMD-6^[13]
Guinea-Bissau − PMD-6 ^[14]
North Korea − PMD-6^[15]
Mozambique − PMD-6^[16]
Myanmar − PMD-6^[17]
Namibia^[18]
Nepal − PMD-6^[19]
Nicaragua − PMD-6M. Stockpiles destroyed between 1999 and 2002^[20]
Peru − PMD-6 and PMD-6M, used for training only^[21]
Poland − PMD-6 produced locally until 1957, remaining stockpiles used for training only^[22]
Rhodesia − Locally produced copies of the PMD-6^[4]
Soviet Union − Replaced by the PMN in the early 1960s^[23]
Tajikistan − PMD-6^[24]
Turkmenistan^[25]
Uganda − PMD-6 produced locally^[26]
Yemen − PMD-6, used for training only^[27]
Yugoslavia − Produced locally as the PMD-1^[1]

Non-state actors

Contras− PMD-6^[28]
Khmer Rouge − PMD-6^[29]
Viet Cong − PMD-6^[23]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ King 1998, p. 227.
^ Croll 1998, p. 137.
^ Croll 1998, p. 44.
^ ^a ^b Croll 1998, p. 117.
^ Landmine Monitor 2004, pp. 99−100.
^ Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 115.
^ Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 120.
^ Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 919.
^ Landmine Monitor 1999, p. 458.
^ Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 357.
^ Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 402.
^ Landmine Monitor 2004, pp. 421, 425.
^ Jacobson 1991, p. 36.
^ Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 478.
^ Croll 1998, p. 101.
^ Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 580.
^ Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 938.
^ Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 598.
^ Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 1078.
^ Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 619.
^ Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 658.
^ Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 907.
^ ^a ^b Croll 1998, p. 103.
^ Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 790.
^ Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 831.
^ Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 835.
^ Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 866.
^ Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 488.
^ Physicians for Human Rights 1993, p. 172.

Bibliography

Croll, Mike (1998). The history of landmines. Barnsley, UK: Leo Cooper. ISBN 978-0-85052-628-8.
Landmine Monitor (1999). Landmine Monitor Report 1999: Toward a Mine-free World. Human Rights Watch. ISBN 978-1-56432-231-9.
Landmine Monitor (2004). Landmine Monitor Report. Human Rights Watch. ISBN 978-1-56432-327-9.
Jacobson, Michael R. (January–February 1991). Garland, Albert N. (ed.). "Iraqi Infantry". Infantry. 81 (1). Fort Benning, GA: U.S. Army Infantry School: 33–37. ISSN 0019-9532. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
King, Colin, ed. (1998). Jane's Mines and Mine Clearance, 1998-99 (3rd ed.). Coulsdon, Surrey, UK and Alexandria, VA: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-1803-0.
Physicians for Human Rights (1993). Landmines: A Deadly Legacy. Human Rights Watch. ISBN 978-1-56432-113-8.
Brassey's Essential Guide To Anti-Personnel Landmines, Recognizing and Disarming, Eddie Banks, ISBN 1-85753-228-7
Jane's Mines and Mine Clearance 2005-2006
TM 5-223, Foreign Mine Warfare Equipment

External links

[FOOTNOTEKing1998227-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ King 1998, p. 227.

[FOOTNOTECroll1998137-2] Croll 1998, p. 137.

[FOOTNOTECroll199844-3] Croll 1998, p. 44.

[FOOTNOTECroll1998117-4] Croll 1998, p. 117.

[FOOTNOTELandmine_Monitor200499−100-5] Landmine Monitor 2004, pp. 99−100.

[FOOTNOTELandmine_Monitor2004115-6] Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 115.

[FOOTNOTELandmine_Monitor2004120-7] Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 120.

[FOOTNOTELandmine_Monitor2004919-8] Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 919.

[FOOTNOTELandmine_Monitor1999458-9] Landmine Monitor 1999, p. 458.

[FOOTNOTELandmine_Monitor2004357-10] Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 357.

[FOOTNOTELandmine_Monitor2004402-11] Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 402.

[FOOTNOTELandmine_Monitor2004421,_425-12] Landmine Monitor 2004, pp. 421, 425.

[FOOTNOTEJacobson199136-13] Jacobson 1991, p. 36.

[FOOTNOTELandmine_Monitor2004478-14] Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 478.

[FOOTNOTECroll1998101-15] Croll 1998, p. 101.

[FOOTNOTELandmine_Monitor2004580-16] Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 580.

[FOOTNOTELandmine_Monitor2004938-17] Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 938.

[FOOTNOTELandmine_Monitor2004598-18] Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 598.

[FOOTNOTELandmine_Monitor20041078-19] Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 1078.

[FOOTNOTELandmine_Monitor2004619-20] Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 619.

[FOOTNOTELandmine_Monitor2004658-21] Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 658.

[FOOTNOTELandmine_Monitor2004907-22] Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 907.

[FOOTNOTECroll1998103-23] Croll 1998, p. 103.

[FOOTNOTELandmine_Monitor2004790-24] Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 790.

[FOOTNOTELandmine_Monitor2004831-25] Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 831.

[FOOTNOTELandmine_Monitor2004835-26] Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 835.

[FOOTNOTELandmine_Monitor2004866-27] Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 866.

[FOOTNOTELandmine_Monitor2004488-28] Landmine Monitor 2004, p. 488.

[FOOTNOTEPhysicians_for_Human_Rights1993172-29] Physicians for Human Rights 1993, p. 172.

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