Dismissal (cricket)
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In the sport of cricket, there are several ways in which a batter can be dismissed and some are so unusual that only a few instances of them exist in the whole history of the game. The most common forms of dismissal are bowled, caught, leg before wicket (lbw), run out, and stumped. These are respectively denoted on scorecards as "b", "c", "lbw", "run out" and "st". Apart from a run out, the dismissal is always credited to the bowler as well as, where appropriate, the fielder or wicket-keeper. The unusual types of dismissal are hit wicket, hit the ball twice, obstructed the field, and timed out.
1. Bowled — the bowler has hit the wicket with the ball and at least one bail has been dislodged (if the ball hits the wicket without dislodging a bail, the batter is not out).
2. Caught — the batter has hit the ball with his bat or with his hand holding the bat and the ball has been caught on the full by a member of the fielding side.
3. Leg before wicket (lbw) — is complex but basically means that the batter would have been bowled if the ball had not hit his leg first.
4. Run out — a fielder has broken the wicket with the ball while a batter was out of his ground; this usually occurs by means of an accurate throw to the wicket while the batters are attempting a run.
5. Stumped — the wicket-keeper has broken the wicket with the ball in his hand after the batter has stepped out of his ground without attempting a run.
There are four other means of dismissal which range from the uncommon to the rare: hit wicket; hit the ball twice; obstructed the field; and timed out
6. Hit wicket — means simply that a batter did just that, often by hitting the wicket with his bat or by falling onto it.
7. Hit the ball twice — is very unusual and was introduced in the 18th century as a safety measure to counter dangerous play and protect the fielders (there are two known cases of fielders being killed after being hit on the head by a bat because the batter could then hit the ball more than once).
8. Obstructing the field — another unusual dismissal which deters a batter from deliberately getting in the way of a fielder. This rule was revised in recent years to include the former offence of handled the ball. A batter must not use his hand to protect his wicket after removing it from the bat (note that the bowled ball often hits the batter's hand but this is not intentional by the batter and so is per se not out; though he can of course be caught off his hand).
9. Timed out — usually means that the next batter did not arrive at the wicket within two minutes of the previous one being dismissed.