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The Sikh Gurus (Punjabi: ਸਿੱਖ ਗੁਰੂ) are the spiritual masters of Sikhi, who established this religion over the course of about two and a half centuries, beginning in 1469.^[2] The year 1469 marks the birth of Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism. He was succeeded by nine other gurus until, in 1708, the Guruship was finally passed on by the tenth guru to the holy Sikh scripture, Guru Granth Sahib, which is now considered the living Guru by the followers of the Sikh faith.^[3]

Etymology and definition

Guru (/ˈɡuːruː/, UK also /ˈɡʊruː, ˈɡʊər-/; Template:Lang-sa, Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ, IAST: guru) is a Sanskrit term for a "teacher, guide, expert, or master" of certain knowledge or field.^[4] Bhai Vir Singh, in his dictionary of Guru Granth Sahib describes the term Guru as a combination of two separate units: "Gu;(ਗੁ)" meaning darkness and "Rū;(ਰੂ)" which means light.^[5] Hence, Guru is who brings light into darkness or in other words, the one who enlightens.

Bhai Vir Singh's definition provides further insight about Sikhi itself and explains why Guru Granth Sahib is considered the living Guru. The word Sikh is derived from the Sanskrit term shishya^[6](Punjabi: ਸਿੱਖ) which means a disciple or a student. Thus, Sikhs have a student–teacher relationship with their Gurus since their teachings, written in Guru Granth Sahib, serve as a guide for the sikhs.

The Gurus

No.	Name	Portrait	Guruship	Birth Date	Birth Place	Born as	Father	Mother	Date of Jyoti Jyot	Reason	Place of Jyoti Jyot
1	Guru Nanak Dev Ji		Since birth	14 April 1469 ^{[note 1]}	Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Delhi Sultanate	Hindu Khatris	Kalyan Das Bedi	Mata Tripta	22 September 1539(1539-09-22) (aged 70)	Natural causes	Kartarpur, Punjab, Mughal Empire
2	Guru Angad Dev Ji		7 September 1539	31 March 1504	Muktsar, Punjab, Mughal Empire	Hindu	Baba Pheru Mal	Mata Ramo	29 March 1552(1552-03-29) (aged 47)	Natural causes	Khadur Sahib, Punjab, Mughal Empire
3	Guru Amar Das Ji		26 April 1552	5 May 1479	Amritsar, Punjab, Mughal Empire	Vaishnavism, Hindu	Tej Bhan Bhalla	Mata Lachmi	1 September 1574(1574-09-01) (aged 95)	Natural causes	Goindval, Lahore Subah, Mughal Empire
4	Guru Ram Das Ji		1 September 1574	24 September 1534	Lahore, Punjab, Mughal Empire	Hindu Khatris	Baba Har Das	Mata Daya	1 September 1581(1581-09-01) (aged 46)	Natural causes	Goindval, Lahore Subah, Mughal Empire
5	Guru Arjan Dev Ji		1 September 1581	15 April 1563	Goindval, Punjab, Mughal Empire	Sikh	Guru Ram Das	Mata Bhani	30 May 1606(1606-05-30) (aged 43)	Execution by Mughal Emperor Jahangir	Lahore, Lahore Subah, Mughal Empire
6	Guru HargobindJi		25 May 1606	19 June 1595	Amritsar, Lahore Subah, Mughal Empire	Sikh	Guru Arjun Dev	Mata Ganga	28 February 1644(1644-02-28) (aged 48)	Natural causes	Kiratpur Sahib, Lahore Subah, Mughal Empire
7	Guru Har Rai Ji		3 March 1644	16 January 1630	Kiratpur Sahib, Lahore Subah, Mughal Empire	Sikh	Baba Gurditta	Mata Nihal Kaur	6 October 1661(1661-10-06) (aged 31)	Natural causes	Delhi, Delhi Subah, Mughal Empire
8	Guru Har Krishan Ji		7 October 1661	7 July 1656	Kiratpur Sahib, Lahore Subah, Mughal Empire	Sikh	Guru Har Rai	Mata Krishan Kaur	30 March 1664(1664-03-30) (aged 7)	Smallpox	Delhi, Delhi Subah, Mughal Empire
9	Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji		20 March 1664	1 April 1621	Amritsar, Lahore Subah, Mughal Empire	Sikh	Guru Hargobind	Mata Nanaki	11 November 1675(1675-11-11) (aged 54)	Execution by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb	Delhi, Delhi Subah, Mughal Empire
10	Guru Gobind Singh Ji	File:Guru Gobind Singh portrait.jpg	11 November 1675	22 December 1666	Patna Sahib, Bihar Subah, Mughal Empire	Sikh	Guru Tegh Bahadur	Mata Gujri	7 October 1708(1708-10-07) (aged 41)	Due to Opening of the WoundsWazir Khan (Sirhind)	Hazur Sahib, Bidar Subah, Mughal Empire

Timeline of Sikh Gurus

Pedigree of Sikh Gurus^{[note 2]}

References

^ The Sikhs. E.J. Brill. p. 38. ISBN 9004095543.
^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 186–187. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
^ The Sikhs : faith, philosophy & folk. Lustre Press. ISBN 9788174360373.
^ Stefan Pertz (2013), The Guru in Me - Critical Perspectives on Management, GRIN Verlag, ISBN 978-3638749251, pages 2-3
^ Singh, Veer (1964). Sri Guru Granth Kosh. p. 122.
^ World religions : from ancient history to the present. ISBN 978-0-87196-129-7.

Notes

^ officially observed on Katak Puranmashi (October–November)
^ Listed names and relations might vary from source to source since different aspects of Sikh history have been written by many different individuals over the course of past six centuries

External links

[1] The Sikhs. E.J. Brill. p. 38. ISBN 9004095543.

[sen2-2] Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 186–187. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.

[3] The Sikhs : faith, philosophy & folk. Lustre Press. ISBN 9788174360373.

[4] Stefan Pertz (2013), The Guru in Me - Critical Perspectives on Management, GRIN Verlag, ISBN 978-3638749251, pages 2-3

[5] Singh, Veer (1964). Sri Guru Granth Kosh. p. 122.

[6] World religions : from ancient history to the present. ISBN 978-0-87196-129-7.

[7] y observed on Katak Puranmashi (October–November)

[8] Listed names and relations might vary from source to source since different aspects of Sikh history have been written by many different individuals over the course of past six centuries

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[2]

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[note 1]

[note 2]

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 ! Father
 ! Mother
-! Date of death
+! Date of Jyoti Jyot
 ! Reason
-! Place of death
+! Place of Jyoti Jyot
 |-
 | 1
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 |-
 | 2
-| '''[[Guru Angad|Guru Angad Dev]]'''
+| '''[[Guru Angad|Guru Angad Dev]] Ji'''
 | [[File:Guru Angad from a painting at the Lahore Museum.jpg|75px]]
 | 7 September 1539
@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 |-
 | 3
-| '''[[Guru Amar Das]]'''
+| '''[[Guru Amar Das|Guru Amar Das Ji]]'''
 | [[File:Amardas-Goindwal.jpg|75px]]
 | 26 April 1552
@@ Line 66: / Line 66: @@
 |-
 | 4
-| '''[[Guru Ram Das]]'''
+| '''[[Guru Ram Das|Guru Ram Das Ji]]'''
 | [[File:Guru Ram Das.jpg|75px]]
 | 1 September 1574
@@ Line 79: / Line 79: @@
 |-
 | 5
-| '''[[Guru Arjan Dev]]'''
+| '''[[Guru Arjan Dev|Guru Arjan Dev Ji]]'''
 | [[File:Guru_Arjan.jpg|75px]]
 | 1 September 1581
@@ Line 92: / Line 92: @@
 |-
 | 6
-| '''[[Guru Hargobind]]'''
+| '''[[Guru Hargobind]]Ji'''
 | [[File:Guru Hargobind, The sixth Guru of Sikhism.jpg|75px]]
 | 25 May 1606
@@ Line 105: / Line 105: @@
 |-
 | 7
-| '''[[Guru Har Rai]]'''
+| '''[[Guru Har Rai|Guru Har Rai Ji]]'''
 | [[File:Guru Har Rai.jpg|75px]]
 | 3 March 1644
@@ Line 118: / Line 118: @@
 |-
 | 8
-| '''[[Guru Har Krishan]]'''
+| '''[[Guru Har Krishan]] Ji'''
 | [[File:Sri Guru Har Krishan Ji Gurudwara Pothi Mala.jpg|75px]]
 | 7 October 1661
@@ Line 131: / Line 131: @@
 |-
 | 9
-| '''[[Guru Tegh Bahadur]]'''
+| '''[[Guru Tegh Bahadur|Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji]]'''
 | [[File:Guru teg bahadur.jpg|75px]]
 | 20 March 1664
@@ Line 144: / Line 144: @@
 |-
 | 10
-| '''[[Guru Gobind Singh]]'''
+| '''[[Guru Gobind Singh]] Ji'''
 | [[File:Guru Gobind Singh portrait.jpg|75px]]
 | 11 November 1675
@@ Line 153: / Line 153: @@
 | [[Mata Gujri]]
 | {{death date and age|1708|10|07|1666|12|22|df=yes}}
-| Assassinated by Jamshed Khan and Wasil Beg on order of [[Wazir Khan (Sirhind)]]
+| Due to Opening of the Wounds[[Wazir Khan (Sirhind)]]
 | [[Hazur Sahib]], [[Bidar Subah]], [[Mughal Empire]]
 |}