Torkham border crossing: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Border town in eastern Afghanistan}} |
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{{About-distinguish2|the border crossing between Pakistan and Afghanistan|[[Torkham, Pakistan|Torkham]] town in Pakistan}} |
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{{About|the border town in Afghanistan|the adjacent border town in Pakistan|Torkham, Pakistan}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> |
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<!-- Basic info ----------------> |
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|name |
| name = Torkham |
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|other_name = |
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|native_name = {{lang |
| native_name = {{lang-ps|تورخم}}<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |
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|motto = |
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| image_skyline = Torkham border crossing in September 2011-cropped.jpg |
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|image_skyline = Torkham border crossing in September 2011-cropped.jpg |
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| image_caption = The main road in Torkham, [[Afghanistan]] |
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|map_caption = Torkham, Peshawar, Kabul and some cities in pakistan and afghanistan |
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| pushpin_map = Afghanistan |
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| pushpin_label_position = bottom |
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|pushpin_map = Afghanistan#Pakistan |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Afghanistan |
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|pushpin_label_position = bottom |
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| pushpin_mapsize = 300 |
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|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Afghanistan and Pakistan |
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|pushpin_mapsize = 300 |
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<!-- Location ------------------> |
<!-- Location ------------------> |
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|subdivision_type = Countries |
| subdivision_type = Countries |
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|subdivision_name |
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Afghanistan}} |
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| subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics -----------------> |
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| established_title = <!-- Settled --> |
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|established_title = <!-- Settled --> |
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| established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |
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|established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |
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| established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |
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| established_date3 = <!-- Area ---------------------> |
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|established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |
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|unit_pref =Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |
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| area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |
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|area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |
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|area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |
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| area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> |
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| population_blank1_title = Ethnicities |
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|population_urban = |
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| population_blank2_title = Religions |
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|population_blank1 = |
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| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |
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|population_blank2_title =Religions |
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| timezone = [[UTC+4:30]]<br />[[UTC+05:00]] |
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<!-- General information ---------------> |
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| coordinates = {{Coord|34|6|53|N|71|5|5|E|region:AF_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |
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|timezone = [[UTC+4:30]]<br />[[UTC+05:00]] |
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| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |
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|utc_offset = |
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| elevation_m = 786 |
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| elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |
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|utc_offset_DST = |
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| postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |
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|coordinates = {{coord|34|6|53|N|71|5|5|E|region:AF|display=inline,title}} |
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| postal_code = |
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|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |
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| blank1_name = |
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|postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |
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|footnotes = |
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| blank_name_sec1 = Control |
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| blank_info_sec1 = {{Flagicon|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan}} [[Taliban]] <br> {{PAK}} |
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}} |
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'''Torkham''' ({{lang-ps|{{nq|تورخم}}|translit=tūrxam}}) is a [[border town]] in the [[Momand Dara District]] of [[Nangarhar Province]] in eastern [[Afghanistan]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ariananews.af/authorities-seize-600000-from-alleged-smuggler-in-torkham/ |title=Authorities seize $600,000 from alleged smuggler in Torkham |work=Ariana News |date=April 17, 2022 |access-date=2023-02-06}}</ref> The town has an official [[border crossing]] with [[Torkham, Pakistan]], which connects the two countries by a highway that has been historically called the [[Grand Trunk Road]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ariananews.af/iea-stops-coal-trucks-through-torkham-to-speed-up-fresh-fruit-exports/ |title=IEA stops coal trucks through Torkham to speed up fresh fruit exports |work=Ariana News |date=May 30, 2022 |access-date=2023-02-06}}</ref> Highway 7 connects Torkham to [[Kabul]] through [[Jalalabad]].<ref name=DefenseLink20070822> |
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'''Torkham border crossing''' ([[Urdu]], [[Persian language|Persian]], and {{lang-ps|{{nq|تورخم}}}} ''Tūrkham'') is a major [[border crossing]] between the [[Pakistan]]i city of [[Torkham, Pakistan|Torkham]] and [[Afghanistan]], located along the [[Grand Trunk Road]] on the international border between the two countries. It connects [[Nangarhar province]] of Afghanistan with Pakistan's [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province. It is the busiest [[port of entry]] between the two countries, serving as a major transporting, shipping, and receiving site.<ref name=ddafg20060404> |
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{{cite news |
{{cite news |
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| url=http://www.defenselink.mil/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=4025 |
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|url = http://www.ddrafg.com/images/ANP/DASH-A%2004-01%20ANP%20Towr%20Kham%20border.pdf |
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| title=DoD News Briefing with Lt. Col. Phillips from Afghanistan |
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| publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]] |
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| author=Lt. Col Gordon Phillips and State Department Representative Shawn Waddoups |
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| date=August 22, 2007 |
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| access-date=2008-02-10 |
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}}</ref> |
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Torkham is one of the major transporting, shipping, and receiving sites in Afghanistan.<ref name=ddafg20060404> |
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{{cite news |
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|url = http://www.ddrafg.com/images/ANP/DASH-A%2004-01%20ANP%20Towr%20Kham%20border.pdf |
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|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071028162809/http://www.ddrafg.com/images/ANP/DASH-A%2004-01%20ANP%20Towr%20Kham%20border.pdf |
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071028162809/http://www.ddrafg.com/images/ANP/DASH-A%2004-01%20ANP%20Towr%20Kham%20border.pdf |
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|url-status = dead |
|url-status = dead |
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| Line 130: | Line 133: | ||
|date = April 4, 2006 |
|date = April 4, 2006 |
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|access-date = 2008-02-19 |
|access-date = 2008-02-19 |
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}}</ref><ref>[http://www.collinsmaps.com/maps/Afghanistan/Nangarhar/Towr-Kham/P900621.00.aspx Towr Kham] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203915/http://www.collinsmaps.com/maps/Afghanistan/Nangarhar/Towr-Kham/P900621.00.aspx |date=2013-10-29 }} Collins Maps. Retrieved 21 January 2011</ref> |
}}</ref><ref>[http://www.collinsmaps.com/maps/Afghanistan/Nangarhar/Towr-Kham/P900621.00.aspx Towr Kham] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203915/http://www.collinsmaps.com/maps/Afghanistan/Nangarhar/Towr-Kham/P900621.00.aspx |date=2013-10-29 }} Collins Maps. Retrieved 21 January 2011</ref> A number of facilities, hotels, restaurants and stores are located in the town, including [[Government of Afghanistan|Afghan government]] offices.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://pajhwok.com/2022/09/06/screening-center-at-torkham-to-prevent-import-of-diseases/ |title=Screening center at Torkham to prevent import of diseases |work=Pajhwok Afghan News |date=September 6, 2022 |access-date=2023-02-06}}</ref> The border crossing attracts many smugglers. |
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Highway 7 connects Torkham to [[Kabul]] through [[Jalalabad]].<ref name=DefenseLink20070822> |
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{{cite news |
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| url=http://www.defenselink.mil/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=4025 |
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| title=DoD News Briefing with Lt. Col. Phillips from Afghanistan |
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| publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]] |
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| author=Lt. Col Gordon Phillips and State Department Representative Shawn Waddoups |
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| date=August 22, 2007 |
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| access-date=2008-02-10 |
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}}</ref> On the Pakistani side, the border crossing is at the end of the [[N-5 National Highway]], which connects it to [[Peshawar]] in the east via the [[Khyber Pass]] and further connects it to [[Islamabad]] by other routes. |
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The [[Afghan Border Police]] and Pakistan's [[Frontier Corps]] are the main agencies for controlling Torkham. They are backed by the [[Pakistan Armed Forces|Pakistani]] and [[Afghan Armed Forces]]. Torkham belongs to the Momand Dara district of Nangarhar. |
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On 15 August 2021, Torkham was seized by [[Taliban]] fighters, becoming the second border crossing with Pakistan to be captured by Taliban as part of wider [[2021 Taliban offensive]]. As a response, Pakistan temporarily closed the border crossing. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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{{Further|History of Afghanistan}} |
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The location has been used throughout history by [[Afghans|Afghan]] and [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] [[Caravan (travellers)|caravans]], including marching armies of powerful empires. Most of these were on their way to [[Northern India]], passing through Peshawar and then [[Lahore]]. Some of the well known regional historical figures who are believed to have passed through Torkham are [[Chandragupta Maurya]], [[Xuanzang|Hsüan-tsang]], [[Jayapala]], [[Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī|Al-Biruni]], [[Ibn Battuta]], [[Babur]], [[Humayun]], [[Nader Shah]], [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]], [[Zaman Shah Durrani]], [[Dost Mohammad Khan]], and [[Wazir Akbar Khan|Akbar Khan]]. |
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Torkham was established as a frontier point in 1893 after the [[Durand Line Agreement]] was signed between [[Mortimer Durand]] of [[British India]] and Amir [[Abdur Rahman Khan]] of Afghanistan. As a [[Grand Trunk Road|gateway into India]], it became part of the [[Hippie trail]] during the mid-1950s and late 1970s. It later became one of the destinations for [[Afghan refugees]] fleeing the [[Soviet invasion of Afghanistan]], from where they went to [[Peshawar]] and other places in [[Pakistan]]. Most people crossed between the two countries with no travel documents or identifications. |
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Over much of the last century, there have been proposals to extend the (defunct) [[Khyber Pass Railway|Khyber rail service]] to Afghanistan and possibly beyond, passing through [[Jalalabad]]. In 2010, Pakistan and Afghanistan signed a [[Memorandum of understanding]] (MoU) for going ahead with the laying of [[rail tracks]] between the two countries. Work on the proposed project was supposed to start in 2010.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120313034322/https://pajhwok.com/en/2010/07/07/pakistan-afghanistan-ink-mou-rail-links Pakistan, Afghanistan ink MoU on rail links]</ref> |
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In |
In 2001 the ''[[New York Times]]'' reported that Torkham was Hajji Ali's hometown. Ali was an anti-Taliban militia leader who seized power after the Taliban retreated.<ref name=NewYorkTimes20011116> |
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{{cite news |
{{cite news |
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| url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9503E4D6143BF935A25752C1A9679C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all |
| url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9503E4D6143BF935A25752C1A9679C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all |
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| title= A NATION CHALLENGED: AFGHANISTAN REDUX; Warlord Rule Is Re-emerging In Some Towns |
| title= A NATION CHALLENGED: AFGHANISTAN REDUX; Warlord Rule Is Re-emerging In Some Towns |
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| work= |
| work=The New York Times |
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| author=David Rohde |
| author=David Rohde |
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| author-link=David Rohde |
| author-link=David Rohde |
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| date= November 16, 2001 |
| date= November 16, 2001 |
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| access-date=2008-02-19 |
| access-date=2008-02-19 |
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}}</ref> It was reported that Hajji Ali had joined forces with two other militia leaders, |
}}</ref> It was reported that Hajji Ali had joined forces with two other militia leaders, [[Mohammad Yunus Khalis]] and [[Ezatullah (Nangarhar)|Ezatullah]], to set up a regional provisional government. |
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Torkham served as one of the main supply points to [[International Security Assistance Force|NATO forces]] in Afghanistan. The border town began expanding between 2005 and 2016 with new facilities being built there. In April 2006 the [[Afghan Border Police]] began requiring travelers coming into Afghanistan to possess valid travel documents.<ref name=ddafg20060404/><ref name=Afps20060410> |
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On the Pakistani side, Torkham lies at the end of the [[N-5 National Highway]]. It is connected to city of [[Peshawar]] in the east. Transported goods arrive to Torkham from the port city of [[Karachi]] in [[Sindh]] province. Torkham is {{convert|5|km}} west of the summit of the [[Khyber Pass]]. It lies on the most important supply route for [[United States Armed Forces|US]]-led [[International Security Assistance Force|NATO forces]] in Afghanistan. Pakistan's government sometimes block supplies due to the American use of [[drone strikes in Pakistan]].<ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2008/09/2008967658362588.html Pakistan blocks fuel to US forces, SEPTEMBER 06, 2008]</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11507472 | title = Pakistan 'to reopen key NATO Afghanistan supply route'| date = 2010-10-09 | access-date =2010-10-09 | work=BBC News}}</ref> |
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In April 2006 the [[Afghan Border Police]] began requiring travelers crossing the border at Torkham to possess valid travel documents.<ref name=ddafg20060404/><ref name=Afps20060410> |
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{{cite news |
{{cite news |
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| url=http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=15504 |
| url=http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=15504 |
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| date=April 10, 2006 |
| date=April 10, 2006 |
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| access-date=2008-02-18 |
| access-date=2008-02-18 |
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}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
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On 15 August 2021, Torkham fell to forces of the [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]], becoming the second border crossing with Pakistan to be captured by Taliban as part of wider [[2021 Taliban offensive]]. The new [[Government of Afghanistan|government]] hopes to build a $6 billion [[rail line]] from Torkham to [[Mazar-i-Sharif]] in northern Afghanistan, passing through [[Jalalabad]] and [[Kabul]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://tolonews.com/business-181478 |title=Afghan, Pakistani Officials Discuss Railway Project |work=TOLOnews |date=January 5, 2023 |access-date=2023-02-06}}</ref> |
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[[Pakistan]] has completed the construction of border gate, crossing terminal and other associated infrastructure on its side of Torkham border by July 2016. Border gate has been named as [[Bab-i-Pakistan]] and the crossing terminal has been named "Shaheed Major Ali Jawad Changezi terminal" after the officer lost his life in skirmishes against the Afghan security forces at the same border and in the clashes that resulted from the construction of this very gate. The flag hosting ceremony has also started just like the one at Wagah border crossing with India. Now no one will be allowed to cross border without proper documentations to check the infiltration of terrorists from Afghanistan into Pakistan. Work on the construction of the gate and associated facilities began in 2014 but kept getting delayed because of Afghan reservations and abrupt clashes. Pakistan plans to have similar border control measures at all six major crossing points between the two countries on the 2,600 km-long porous border.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailytimes.com.pk/pakistan/28-Jul-16/torkham-gate-titled-as-bab-i-pakistan|title=Torkham gate titled as Bab-i-Pakistan|date=28 July 2016}}</ref> |
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==Climate== |
==Climate== |
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==Gallery== |
==Gallery== |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File: |
File:Afghanistan's entry point at Torkham-2.jpg|Outside the Afghan customs and border patrol station |
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File:Inside the Afghan customs and border patrol station at Torkham.jpg|Inside the Afghan customs and border patrol station |
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File:Torkham in March 2010.jpg|Combined Joint Task Force 82nd Soldiers and logistics units walk the Torkham border crossing area with CENTCOM Deployment and Distribution Operations Center Director, U.S. Air Force Maj. Gen. Robert McMahon, March 25, 2010, Torkham, Afghanistan. |
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File:Trucks crossing into Kyber Pakhtunkhwa at Torkham.jpg|Trucks crossing into [[Torkham, Pakistan]] |
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File:McMahon at Torkham in 2010.jpg|Combined Joint Task Force 82nd Soldiers and logistics units walk the Torkham border crossing area with CENTCOM Deployment and Distribution Operations Center Director, U.S. Air Force Maj. Gen. Robert McMahon, March 25, 2010, Torkham border, Afghan side. |
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File:Trucks crossing into Kyber Pakhtunkhwa at Torkham.jpg|Trucks crossing into Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa at Torkham in 2011 |
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File:Afghanistan's entry point at Torkham-2.jpg|Afghanistan's entry point at Torkham |
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File:Inside the Afghan customs and border patrol station at Torkham.jpg|Inside the [[Afghan Border Police|Afghan customs and border patrol]] station at Torkham |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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*[[ |
* [[Demogan]] |
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*[[ |
* [[Ghulam Khan]] |
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* [[Hairatan]] |
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*[[Landi Khana railway station]] |
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* [[Ishkashim, Afghanistan|Ishkashim]] |
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*[[Wesh–Chaman border crossing]] |
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* [[Islam Qala]] |
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* [[Sher Khan Bandar]] |
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* [[Spin Boldak]] |
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* [[Torghundi]] |
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* [[Zaranj]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Torkham, Nangarhar Province|Torkham}} |
{{Commons category|Torkham, Nangarhar Province|Torkham}} |
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* {{YouTube|VfPbeMBRVJY|Afghanistan And Pakistan Border . Torkham}}, July 31, 2022 |
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* {{YouTube|sq4oaTcowaY|تورخم کې له محصول نه تېښته او افغانستان ته د مالونو غیر قانوني رالېږدول}}, May 23, 2017, [[Radio Mashaal]]. |
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* {{YouTube|EVIQpLxP0BQ|پر تورخم تګ راتګ کم شوی دی}}, December 3, 2016, [[BBC Pashto]]. |
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* {{YouTube|fjcRc7ZpKfY|Pakistan Enforces New Border Crossing Regulation on Afghans}}, June 2, 2016, [[Voice of America]]. |
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* {{YouTube|dZXdVuGmva4|Afghanistan and Pakistan reopen Torkham border crossing}}, May 14, 2016, [[Al Jazeera English]]. |
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* {{YouTube|XexAWLANr9c|Torkham Gate Reopening VOA Aashna TV}}, May 14, 2016, [[Voice of America]]. |
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*[http://www.dvidshub.net/search?q=Torkham Images of Torkham] found at [[Defense Video & Imagery Distribution System]] |
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{{Nangarhar Province}} |
{{Nangarhar Province}} |
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Revision as of 23:53, 10 February 2023
Torkham
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|---|---|
 The main road in Torkham, Afghanistan | |
  Torkham Location in Afghanistan | |
| Coordinates: 34°6′53″N 71°5′5″E / 34.11472°N 71.08472°E | |
| Countries |  Afghanistan |
| Elevation | 2,579 ft (786 m) |
| Time zone | UTC+4:30 UTC+05:00 |
Torkham (Template:Lang-ps) is a border town in the Momand Dara District of Nangarhar Province in eastern Afghanistan.[1] The town has an official border crossing with Torkham, Pakistan, which connects the two countries by a highway that has been historically called the Grand Trunk Road.[2] Highway 7 connects Torkham to Kabul through Jalalabad.[3]
Torkham is one of the major transporting, shipping, and receiving sites in Afghanistan.[4][5] A number of facilities, hotels, restaurants and stores are located in the town, including Afghan government offices.[6] The border crossing attracts many smugglers.
History
Torkham was established as a frontier point in 1893 after the Durand Line Agreement was signed between Mortimer Durand of British India and Amir Abdur Rahman Khan of Afghanistan. As a gateway into India, it became part of the Hippie trail during the mid-1950s and late 1970s. It later became one of the destinations for Afghan refugees fleeing the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, from where they went to Peshawar and other places in Pakistan. Most people crossed between the two countries with no travel documents or identifications.
In 2001 the New York Times reported that Torkham was Hajji Ali's hometown. Ali was an anti-Taliban militia leader who seized power after the Taliban retreated.[7] It was reported that Hajji Ali had joined forces with two other militia leaders, Mohammad Yunus Khalis and Ezatullah, to set up a regional provisional government.
Torkham served as one of the main supply points to NATO forces in Afghanistan. The border town began expanding between 2005 and 2016 with new facilities being built there. In April 2006 the Afghan Border Police began requiring travelers coming into Afghanistan to possess valid travel documents.[4][8]
On 15 August 2021, Torkham fell to forces of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, becoming the second border crossing with Pakistan to be captured by Taliban as part of wider 2021 Taliban offensive. The new government hopes to build a $6 billion rail line from Torkham to Mazar-i-Sharif in northern Afghanistan, passing through Jalalabad and Kabul.[9]
Climate
With an influence from the local steppe climate, Torkham features a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). The average temperature in Torkham is 20.3 °C, while the annual precipitation averages 407 mm. June is the driest month with an average rainfall of 8 mm, while the wettest month is March, with an average 82 mm of precipitation.
June is the hottest month of the year with an average temperature of 31.0 °C. The coldest month January has an average temperature of 8.4 °C.
| Climate data for Torkham | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 14.5 (58.1) |
16.3 (61.3) |
20.9 (69.6) |
26.1 (79.0) |
32.2 (90.0) |
38.0 (100.4) |
36.6 (97.9) |
34.8 (94.6) |
33.4 (92.1) |
28.8 (83.8) |
21.9 (71.4) |
16.4 (61.5) |
26.7 (80.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.4 (47.1) |
10.5 (50.9) |
15.0 (59.0) |
19.9 (67.8) |
25.6 (78.1) |
31.0 (87.8) |
30.8 (87.4) |
29.5 (85.1) |
27.1 (80.8) |
21.4 (70.5) |
14.5 (58.1) |
9.7 (49.5) |
20.3 (68.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.3 (36.1) |
4.7 (40.5) |
9.1 (48.4) |
13.7 (56.7) |
18.7 (65.7) |
24.0 (75.2) |
25.1 (77.2) |
24.2 (75.6) |
20.8 (69.4) |
14.1 (57.4) |
7.2 (45.0) |
3.1 (37.6) |
13.9 (57.1) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org[10] | |||||||||||||
Gallery
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Outside the Afghan customs and border patrol station -
Inside the Afghan customs and border patrol station -
Trucks crossing into Torkham, Pakistan
See also
References
- ^ "Authorities seize $600,000 from alleged smuggler in Torkham". Ariana News. April 17, 2022. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
- ^ "IEA stops coal trucks through Torkham to speed up fresh fruit exports". Ariana News. May 30, 2022. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
- ^ Lt. Col Gordon Phillips and State Department Representative Shawn Waddoups (August 22, 2007). "DoD News Briefing with Lt. Col. Phillips from Afghanistan". United States Department of Defense. Retrieved 2008-02-10.
- ^ a b "ANP secure Torkham border" (PDF). ddrafg.com. April 4, 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 28, 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
- ^ Towr Kham Archived 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine Collins Maps. Retrieved 21 January 2011
- ^ "Screening center at Torkham to prevent import of diseases". Pajhwok Afghan News. September 6, 2022. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
- ^ David Rohde (November 16, 2001). "A NATION CHALLENGED: AFGHANISTAN REDUX; Warlord Rule Is Re-emerging In Some Towns". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
- ^ "Afghan Police Secure Towr Kham Border". American Forces Press Service. April 10, 2006. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
- ^ "Afghan, Pakistani Officials Discuss Railway Project". TOLOnews. January 5, 2023. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
- ^ "Climate: Torkham - Climate-Data.org". Retrieved 9 September 2016.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Torkham.
- Afghanistan And Pakistan Border . Torkham on YouTube, July 31, 2022
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