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{{Short description|Head of government in India since 1947}}
{{Short description|none}}
{{featured list}}
{{featured list}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
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{{Politics of India}}
{{Politics of India}}
The [[prime minister of India|Prime Minister of India]] is the executive head of the [[Government of India]] and chair of the [[Union Council of Ministers]].<ref name="pillay-cri-pm-1">{{citation|last=Pillay|first=Anashri|editor1-last=Masterman|editor1-first=Roger|editor2-last=Schütze|editor2-first=Robert|isbn=978-1-107-16781-0|lccn=2019019723|doi=10.1017/9781316716731|chapter=The Constitution of the Republic of India|title=Cambridge Companion to Comparative Constitutional Law|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2019|pages=146&ndash;147|s2cid=219881288|quote=The head of government is the Prime Minister.}}</ref><ref name="dam-1">{{citation|last=Dam|first=Shubhankar|chapter=Executive|title=The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution|editor1-last=Choudhry|editor1-first=Sujit|editor2-last=Khosla|editor2-first=Madhav|editor3-last=Mehta|editor3-first=Pratap Bhanu|location=Oxford and New York|page=307|year=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-870489-8|quote=The Prime Minister is the head of government.}}</ref> Although the [[President of India]] is the constitutional, nominal, and ceremonial head of state,<ref name="pillay-cri-pm-2">{{citation|last=Pillay|first=Anashri|editor1-last=Masterman|editor1-first=Roger|editor2-last=Schütze|editor2-first=Robert|isbn=978-1-107-16781-0|lccn=2019019723|doi=10.1017/9781316716731|chapter=The Constitution of the Republic of India|title=Cambridge Companion to Comparative Constitutional Law|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2019|pages=146&ndash;147|s2cid=219881288|quote=An elected President is the nominal head of state but exercises little power.}}</ref><ref name="majeed-roi-1">{{citation|last=Majeed|first=Akhtar|chapter=Republic of India|pages=180&ndash;207, 185|title=Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change in Federal Countries|series=A Global Dialogue on Federalism, Volume I|editor1-last=Kincaid|editor1-first=John|editor2-last=Tarr|editor2-first=G. Alan|location=Montreal & Kingston|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press for Forum of Federation and International Association of Centers for Federal Studies|year=2005|isbn=0-7735-2849-0|quote=...The president is the constitutional head. (p. 185)}}</ref><ref name="dam-2">{{citation|last=Dam|first=Shubhankar|chapter=Executive|title=The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution|editor1-last=Choudhry|editor1-first=Sujit|editor2-last=Khosla|editor2-first=Madhav|editor3-last=Mehta|editor3-first=Pratap Bhanu|location=Oxford and New York|page=307|year=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-870489-8|quote=The President is the head of the Union of India}}</ref><ref name="nsingh-india">{{citation|last=Singh|first=Nirvikar|chapter=Holding India Together: The Role of Institutions of Federalism|editor1-last=Mishra|editor1-first=Ajit|editor2-last=Ray|editor2-first=Tridip|pages=300&ndash;323, 306|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2018|isbn=978-0-19-881255-5|title=Markets, Governance, and Institutions: In the Process of Economic Development}}</ref> in practice and ordinarily, the executive authority is vested in the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] and their chosen [[Union Council of Ministers|Council of Ministers]].<ref name="majeed-roi-2">{{citation|last=Majeed|first=Akhtar|chapter=Republic of India|pages=180&ndash;207, 185|title=Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change in Federal Countries|series=A Global Dialogue on Federalism, Volume I|editor1-last=Kincaid|editor1-first=John|editor2-last=Tarr|editor2-first=G. Alan|location=Montreal & Kingston|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press for Forum of Federation and International Association of Centers for Federal Studies|year=2005|isbn=0-7735-2849-0|quote=...the executive authority is vested in the prime minister and in their Council of Ministers. (p. 185)}}</ref><ref name="dam-3">{{citation|last=Dam|first=Shubhankar|chapter=Executive|title=The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution|editor1-last=Choudhry|editor1-first=Sujit|editor2-last=Khosla|editor2-first=Madhav|editor3-last=Mehta|editor3-first=Pratap Bhanu|location=Oxford and New York|page=307|year=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-870489-8|quote=Executive power, ordinarily, is exercised by Prime Minister.}}</ref><ref name="nsingh-india" /> The prime minister is the leader elected by the party with a majority in the lower house of the [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]], the [[Lok Sabha]], which is the main legislative body in the [[India|Republic of India]].<ref name="pillay-cri-pm-3">{{citation|last=Pillay|first=Anashri|editor1-last=Masterman|editor1-first=Roger|editor2-last=Schütze|editor2-first=Robert|isbn=978-1-107-16781-0|lccn=2019019723|doi=10.1017/9781316716731|chapter=The Constitution of the Republic of India|title=Cambridge Companion to Comparative Constitutional Law|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2019|pages=146&ndash;147|s2cid=219881288|quote=... Like the British system, there are two houses of parliament &ndash; the Lok Sabha, which has 545 members, is the main legislative body. In practice, it is the party with a majority in the Lok Sabha which elects its leader as the Prime Minister.}}</ref> The [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] and their [[Union Council of Ministers|cabinet]] are at all times responsible to the [[Lok Sabha]].<ref name="dam-4">{{citation|last=Dam|first=Shubhankar|chapter=Executive|title=The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution|editor1-last=Choudhry|editor1-first=Sujit|editor2-last=Khosla|editor2-first=Madhav|editor3-last=Mehta|editor3-first=Pratap Bhanu|location=Oxford and New York|page=307|year=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-870489-8|quote=Along with his or her cabinet, the Prime Minister is responsible to the Lower House of Parliament.}}</ref><ref name="majeed-roi-3">{{citation|last=Majeed|first=Akhtar|chapter=Republic of India|pages=180&ndash;207, 185|title=Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change in Federal Countries|series=A Global Dialogue on Federalism, Volume I|editor1-last=Kincaid|editor1-first=John|editor2-last=Tarr|editor2-first=G. Alan|location=Montreal & Kingston|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press for Forum of Federation and International Association of Centers for Federal Studies|year=2005|isbn=0-7735-2849-0|quote=...Both for the Union and the states, a "cabinet-type" system of parliamentary government has been instituted in which the executive is continuously responsible to the legislature. (p. 185)}}</ref> The [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] can be a member of the [[Lok Sabha]] or of the [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house of the parliament. The [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] ranks third in the [[Indian order of precedence|order of precedence]].
The [[prime minister of India]] is the chief executive of the [[Government of India]] and chair of the [[Union Council of Ministers]].<ref name="pillay-cri-pm-1">{{citation|last=Pillay|first=Anashri|editor1-last=Masterman|editor1-first=Roger|editor2-last=Schütze|editor2-first=Robert|isbn=978-1-107-16781-0|lccn=2019019723|doi=10.1017/9781316716731|chapter=The Constitution of the Republic of India|title=Cambridge Companion to Comparative Constitutional Law|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2019|pages=146&ndash;147|s2cid=219881288|quote=The head of government is the Prime Minister.}}</ref><ref name="dam-1">{{citation|last=Dam|first=Shubhankar|chapter=Executive|title=The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution|editor1-last=Choudhry|editor1-first=Sujit|editor2-last=Khosla|editor2-first=Madhav|editor3-last=Mehta|editor3-first=Pratap Bhanu|location=Oxford and New York|page=307|year=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-870489-8|quote=The Prime Minister is the head of government.}}</ref> Although the [[president of India]] is the constitutional, nominal, and ceremonial head of state,<ref name="pillay-cri-pm-2">{{citation|last=Pillay|first=Anashri|editor1-last=Masterman|editor1-first=Roger|editor2-last=Schütze|editor2-first=Robert|isbn=978-1-107-16781-0|lccn=2019019723|doi=10.1017/9781316716731|chapter=The Constitution of the Republic of India|title=Cambridge Companion to Comparative Constitutional Law|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2019|pages=146&ndash;147|s2cid=219881288|quote=An elected President is the nominal head of state but exercises little power.}}</ref><ref name="majeed-roi-1">{{citation|last=Majeed|first=Akhtar|chapter=Republic of India|pages=180&ndash;207, 185|title=Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change in Federal Countries|series=A Global Dialogue on Federalism, Volume I|editor1-last=Kincaid|editor1-first=John|editor2-last=Tarr|editor2-first=G. Alan|location=Montreal & Kingston|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press for Forum of Federation and International Association of Centers for Federal Studies|year=2005|isbn=0-7735-2849-0|quote=...The president is the constitutional head. (p. 185)}}</ref><ref name="dam-2">{{citation|last=Dam|first=Shubhankar|chapter=Executive|title=The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution|editor1-last=Choudhry|editor1-first=Sujit|editor2-last=Khosla|editor2-first=Madhav|editor3-last=Mehta|editor3-first=Pratap Bhanu|location=Oxford and New York|page=307|year=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-870489-8|quote=The President is the head of the Union of India}}</ref><ref name="nsingh-india">{{citation|last=Singh|first=Nirvikar|chapter=Holding India Together: The Role of Institutions of Federalism|editor1-last=Mishra|editor1-first=Ajit|editor2-last=Ray|editor2-first=Tridip|pages=300&ndash;323, 306|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2018|isbn=978-0-19-881255-5|title=Markets, Governance, and Institutions: In the Process of Economic Development}}</ref> in practice and ordinarily, the executive authority is vested in the prime minister and their chosen Council of Ministers.<ref name="majeed-roi-2">{{citation|last=Majeed|first=Akhtar|chapter=Republic of India|pages=180&ndash;207, 185|title=Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change in Federal Countries|series=A Global Dialogue on Federalism, Volume I|editor1-last=Kincaid|editor1-first=John|editor2-last=Tarr|editor2-first=G. Alan|location=Montreal & Kingston|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press for Forum of Federation and International Association of Centers for Federal Studies|year=2005|isbn=0-7735-2849-0|quote=...the executive authority is vested in the prime minister and in their Council of Ministers. (p. 185)}}</ref><ref name="dam-3">{{citation|last=Dam|first=Shubhankar|chapter=Executive|title=The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution|editor1-last=Choudhry|editor1-first=Sujit|editor2-last=Khosla|editor2-first=Madhav|editor3-last=Mehta|editor3-first=Pratap Bhanu|location=Oxford and New York|page=307|year=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-870489-8|quote=Executive power, ordinarily, is exercised by Prime Minister.}}</ref><ref name="nsingh-india" /> The prime minister is the leader elected by the party with a majority in the lower house of the [[Parliament of India|Indian parliament]], the [[Lok Sabha]], which is the main legislative body in the [[India|Republic of India]].<ref name="pillay-cri-pm-3">{{citation|last=Pillay|first=Anashri|editor1-last=Masterman|editor1-first=Roger|editor2-last=Schütze|editor2-first=Robert|isbn=978-1-107-16781-0|lccn=2019019723|doi=10.1017/9781316716731|chapter=The Constitution of the Republic of India|title=Cambridge Companion to Comparative Constitutional Law|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2019|pages=146&ndash;147|s2cid=219881288|quote=... Like the British system, there are two houses of parliament &ndash; the Lok Sabha, which has 545 members, is the main legislative body. In practice, it is the party with a majority in the Lok Sabha which elects its leader as the Prime Minister.}}</ref> The prime minister and their cabinet are at all times responsible to the Lok Sabha.<ref name="dam-4">{{citation|last=Dam|first=Shubhankar|chapter=Executive|title=The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution|editor1-last=Choudhry|editor1-first=Sujit|editor2-last=Khosla|editor2-first=Madhav|editor3-last=Mehta|editor3-first=Pratap Bhanu|location=Oxford and New York|page=307|year=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-870489-8|quote=Along with his or her cabinet, the Prime Minister is responsible to the Lower House of Parliament.}}</ref><ref name="majeed-roi-3">{{citation|last=Majeed|first=Akhtar|chapter=Republic of India|pages=180&ndash;207, 185|title=Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change in Federal Countries|series=A Global Dialogue on Federalism, Volume I|editor1-last=Kincaid|editor1-first=John|editor2-last=Tarr|editor2-first=G. Alan|location=Montreal & Kingston|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press for Forum of Federation and International Association of Centers for Federal Studies|year=2005|isbn=0-7735-2849-0|quote=...Both for the Union and the states, a "cabinet-type" system of parliamentary government has been instituted in which the executive is continuously responsible to the legislature. (p. 185)}}</ref> The prime minister can be a member of the Lok Sabha or of the [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house of the parliament. The prime minister ranks third in the [[Indian order of precedence|order of precedence]].
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|Top right: [[Charan Singh]] was the first and only prime minister in Indian history who never faced parliament.
|Top right: [[Charan Singh]] was the first and only prime minister in Indian history who never faced parliament.
|Bottom left: [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] was the first non-Congress prime minister to complete a full 5 year term.
|Bottom left: [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] was the first non-Congress prime minister to complete a full 5 year term.
|Bottom center: [[Manmohan Singh]] was the first and only prime minister from a minority religion.
|Bottom center: [[Manmohan Singh]] was the first prime minister from a minority religion.
|Bottom right: [[Narendra Modi]] is the first and only prime minister to be born in independent India and is the longest-serving non-Congress prime minister.}}
|Bottom right: [[Narendra Modi]] is the only prime minister to be born in independent India and is the longest-serving non-Congress prime minister.}}
}}
}}


The prime minister is appointed by the [[President of India]], however, the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime minister]] has to enjoy the confidence of the majority of [[Lok Sabha]] members, who are [[Direct election|directly elected]] [[Elections in India#Parliamentary general elections (Lok Sabha)|every five years]], unless the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] resigns. The [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] is the presiding member of the [[Union Council of Ministers|Council of Ministers]] of the [[Government of India|Union government]]. The [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] unilaterally controls the selection and dismissal of members of the [[Union Council of Ministers|council]]; and allocation of posts to members within the government. The [[Union Council of Ministers|council]], which is collectively responsible to the [[Lok Sabha]] as per [[s:Constitution of India/Part V|Article 75(3)]], assists the [[President of India|President]] regarding the operations under the latter's powers; however, by the virtue of [[s:Constitution of India/Part V|Article 74]] of the [[Constitution of India|Constitution]], such '[[Advice (constitutional law)|aid and advice]]' tendered by the council is [[wiktionary:binding#Adjective|binding]].
The prime minister is appointed by the [[president of India]]; however, the prime minister has to enjoy the confidence of the majority of [[Lok Sabha]] members, who are [[Direct election|directly elected]] [[Elections in India#Parliamentary general elections (Lok Sabha)|every five years]], unless a prime minister resigns. The prime minister is the presiding member of the [[Union Council of Ministers|Council of Ministers]] of the [[Government of India|Union government]]. The prime minister unilaterally controls the selection and dismissal of members of the council; and allocation of posts to members within the government. This council, which is collectively responsible to the [[Lok Sabha]] as per [[s:Constitution of India/Part V|Article 75(3)]], assists the president regarding the operations under the latter's powers; however, by the virtue of [[s:Constitution of India/Part V|Article 74]] of the [[Constitution of India|Constitution]], such '[[Advice (constitutional law)|aid and advice]]' tendered by the council is [[wiktionary:binding#Adjective|binding]].


Since 1947, India has had 14 [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Ministers]].{{efn|15 including [[Gulzarilal Nanda]] who twice acted in the role, of which 7 having at least one full term, ruling country for about 70 years.}} [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] was [[India|India's]] first [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]], serving as prime minister of the [[Dominion of India]] from 15 August 1947 until 26 January 1950, and thereafter of the Republic of India until his death in May 1964. (India conducted its first post-independence general elections in 1952). Earlier, Nehru had served as prime minister of the [[Interim Government of India]] during the [[British Raj]] from 2 September 1946 until 14 August 1947, his party, the Indian National Congress having won the [[1946 Indian provincial elections]]. Nehru was succeeded by [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]], whose 1 year 7-month term ended in his death in [[Tashkent]], then in the [[USSR]], where he had signed the [[Tashkent Declaration]] between India and Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19950115-book-review-lal-bahadur-shastri-prime-minister-of-india-1964-66-a-life-of-truth-in-politics-806851-1995-01-15|title=Book review: Lal Bahadur Shastri Prime Minister of India 1964-66: A Life of Truth in Politics|last=Malhotra|first=Inder|work=India Today|date=15 January 1995|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref> [[Indira Gandhi]], Nehru's daughter, succeeded Shastri in 1966 to become the country's first female prime minister.<ref name="indira">{{cite news|url=https://www.theweek.in/content/archival/news/india/1966-indira-gandhi.html|title=Today in 1966: Indira Gandhi becomes Prime Minister|last=Vijaykumar|first=Neeti|work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]|date=19 January 2017|access-date=4 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216132208/http://www.theweek.in/content/archival/news/india/1966-indira-gandhi.html|archive-date=16 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Eleven years later, her party, the [[Indian National Congress]], lost the [[1977 Indian general election]] to the [[Janata Party]], whose leader [[Morarji Desai]] became the first non-Congress prime minister.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/slide-show-1-ls-election-before-modi-there-was-morarjibhai/20140407.htm|title=Before Modi, there was Morarjibhai|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=7 April 2014|access-date=4 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330222007/http://www.rediff.com/news/report/slide-show-1-ls-election-before-modi-there-was-morarjibhai/20140407.htm|archive-date=30 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> After Desai resigned in 1979, his former associate [[Charan Singh]] briefly held office until the Congress won the [[1980 Indian general election]] and Indira Gandhi returned as prime minister.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/jd-u-demands-bharat-ratna-to-former-pm-charan-singh/articleshow/50272488.cms|title=JD-U demands Bharat Ratna to former PM Charan Singh|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=21 December 2015|access-date=4 February 2018}}</ref> Her second term as prime minister ended five years later on 31 October 1984, when she was [[Assassination of Indira Gandhi|assassinated]] by her bodyguards.<ref name="indira" /> Her son [[Rajiv Gandhi]] was sworn in as India's youngest premier. Members of [[Nehru{{endash}}Gandhi family]] have been prime minister for approximately 38 years.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/in-india-next-generation-of-gandhi-dynasty/2011/11/17/gIQA28SdMO_story.html|title=In India, next generation of Gandhi dynasty|last=Denyer|first=Simon|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=2 December 2011|access-date=27 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228195140/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/in-india-next-generation-of-gandhi-dynasty/2011/11/17/gIQA28SdMO_story.html|archive-date=28 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
Since 1947, India has had 14 prime ministers.{{efn|15 including [[Gulzarilal Nanda]] who twice acted in the role, of which 7 having at least one full term, ruling country for about 70 years.}} [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] was India's first prime minister, serving as prime minister of the [[Dominion of India]] from 15 August 1947 until 26 January 1950, and thereafter of the [[Republic of India]] until his death in May 1964. (India conducted its first post-independence general elections in 1952). Earlier, Nehru had served as prime minister of the [[Interim Government of India]] during the [[British Raj]] from 2 September 1946 until 14 August 1947, his party, the Indian National Congress having won the [[1946 Indian provincial elections]]. Nehru was succeeded by [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]], whose 1 year 7-month term ended in his death in [[Tashkent]], then in the [[USSR]], where he had signed the [[Tashkent Declaration]] between India and Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19950115-book-review-lal-bahadur-shastri-prime-minister-of-india-1964-66-a-life-of-truth-in-politics-806851-1995-01-15|title=Book review: Lal Bahadur Shastri Prime Minister of India 1964-66: A Life of Truth in Politics|last=Malhotra|first=Inder|work=India Today|date=15 January 1995|access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref> [[Indira Gandhi]], Nehru's daughter, succeeded Shastri in 1966 to become the country's first female prime minister.<ref name="indira">{{cite news|url=https://www.theweek.in/content/archival/news/india/1966-indira-gandhi.html|title=Today in 1966: Indira Gandhi becomes Prime Minister|last=Vijaykumar|first=Neeti|work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]|date=19 January 2017|access-date=4 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216132208/http://www.theweek.in/content/archival/news/india/1966-indira-gandhi.html|archive-date=16 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Eleven years later, her party the [[Indian National Congress]] lost the [[1977 Indian general election]] to the [[Janata Party]], whose leader [[Morarji Desai]] became the first non-Congress prime minister.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/slide-show-1-ls-election-before-modi-there-was-morarjibhai/20140407.htm|title=Before Modi, there was Morarjibhai|work=[[Rediff.com]]|date=7 April 2014|access-date=4 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330222007/http://www.rediff.com/news/report/slide-show-1-ls-election-before-modi-there-was-morarjibhai/20140407.htm|archive-date=30 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> After Desai resigned in 1979, his former associate [[Charan Singh]] briefly held office until the Congress won the [[1980 Indian general election]] and Indira Gandhi returned as prime minister.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/jd-u-demands-bharat-ratna-to-former-pm-charan-singh/articleshow/50272488.cms|title=JD-U demands Bharat Ratna to former PM Charan Singh|work=[[The Economic Times]]|date=21 December 2015|access-date=4 February 2018}}</ref> Her second term as prime minister ended five years later on 31 October 1984, when she was [[Assassination of Indira Gandhi|assassinated]] by her bodyguards.<ref name="indira" /> Her son [[Rajiv Gandhi]] was sworn in as India's youngest premier. Members of [[Nehru{{endash}}Gandhi family]] have been prime minister for approximately 38 years.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/in-india-next-generation-of-gandhi-dynasty/2011/11/17/gIQA28SdMO_story.html|title=In India, next generation of Gandhi dynasty|last=Denyer|first=Simon|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=2 December 2011|access-date=27 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228195140/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/in-india-next-generation-of-gandhi-dynasty/2011/11/17/gIQA28SdMO_story.html|archive-date=28 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>


After a general election loss, Rajiv Gandhi's five-year term ended; his former cabinet colleague, [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]] of the [[Janata Dal]], formed the year-long [[National Front (India)|National Front]] coalition government in 1989. A seven-month interlude under prime minister [[Chandra Shekhar]] followed, after which the Congress party returned to power, forming the government under [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] in June 1991, Rajiv Gandhi having been assassinated earlier that year.<ref name=former>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/election/2004/may/03espec1.htm|title=What the former PMs are doing|last=Iype|first=George|work=Rediff.com|date=3 May 2004|access-date=4 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325091259/http://www.rediff.com/election/2004/may/03espec1.htm|archive-date=25 March 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Rao's five-year term was succeeded by four short-lived governments—[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) for 13 days in 1996, a year each under [[United Front (India, 1996)|United Front]] prime ministers [[H. D. Deve Gowda]] and [[Inder Kumar Gujral]], and Vajpayee again for 13 months in 1998–1999.<ref name=former/> In 1999, Vajpayee's [[National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA) won the general election, the first non-Congress alliance to do so, and he served a full five-year term as prime minister.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/atal-bihari-vajpayee-dies-the-3-time-pm-who-captivated-india-with-his-oratory-1901509|title=Atal Bihari Vajpayee: The 3-Time PM Who Captivated India With His Oratory|last=Ghosh|first=Deepshikha|website=[[NDTV]]|date=16 August 2018|access-date=4 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223151524/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/atal-bihari-vajpayee-dies-the-3-time-pm-who-captivated-india-with-his-oratory-1901509|archive-date=23 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The Congress and its [[United Progressive Alliance]] (UPA) won the general elections in 2004 and 2009, [[Manmohan Singh]] serving as prime minister between 2004 and 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/pm-modi-rahul-gandhi-greet-manmohan-singh-on-his-86th-birthday/317198|title=PM Modi, Rahul Gandhi Greet Manmohan Singh On His 86th Birthday|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|date=26 September 2018|access-date=4 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928170607/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/pm-modi-rahul-gandhi-greet-manmohan-singh-on-his-86th-birthday/317198|archive-date=28 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The BJP won the [[2014 Indian general election]], and its parliamentary leader [[Narendra Modi]] formed the first non-Congress single-party majority government.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/05/bjp-modi-win-landslide-victory-in-indian-elections/|title=BJP, Modi Win Landslide Victory in Indian Elections|last=Panda|first=Ankit|publisher=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]|date=16 May 2014|access-date=27 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221054315/https://thediplomat.com/2014/05/bjp-modi-win-landslide-victory-in-indian-elections//|archive-date=21 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The BJP went on to win the [[2019 Indian general election]] with a bigger margin, granting a [[Second Modi ministry|second term]] for the incumbent Modi government.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lok-sabha-election-results-2019-election-results-today-counting-of-votes-begins-at-8-am-10-points-2041540|title=Election Results: Total BJP Sweep, India Chooses Modi 2.0, Show Leads - 10 Points|last=Panda|first=Anindita Sanyal Updated|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=21 October 2019|access-date=27 June 2024}}</ref> After the [[2024 Indian general election]], Modi became the prime minister for the [[Third Modi ministry|third consecutive time]], leading a coalition government after the BJP lost its majority, only the second to do so after the first prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lok-sabha-election-2024-results-modi-3-0-or-i-n-d-i-a-shining-counting-today-5808932|title=PM Set For Historic 3rd Term, Calls It "Victory Of Biggest Democracy"|last=Sanyal|first=Anindita Updated|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=5 June 2024|access-date=27 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2024/06/decoding-indias-elections-how-modis-grip-loosened/|title=Decoding India’s Elections: How Modi’s Grip Loosened |last=Bhattacharya|first=Snigdhendu Updated|publisher=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]|date=5 June 2024|access-date=27 June 2024}}</ref>
After a general election loss, Rajiv Gandhi's five-year term ended; his former cabinet colleague, [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]] of the [[Janata Dal]], formed the year-long [[National Front (India)|National Front]] coalition government in 1989. A seven-month interlude under prime minister [[Chandra Shekhar]] followed, after which the Congress party returned to power, forming the government under [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] in June 1991, Rajiv Gandhi having been assassinated earlier that year.<ref name=former>{{cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/election/2004/may/03espec1.htm|title=What the former PMs are doing|last=Iype|first=George|work=Rediff.com|date=3 May 2004|access-date=4 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325091259/http://www.rediff.com/election/2004/may/03espec1.htm|archive-date=25 March 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Rao's five-year term was succeeded by four short-lived governments—[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) for 13 days in 1996, a year each under [[United Front (India, 1996)|United Front]] prime ministers [[H. D. Deve Gowda]] and [[Inder Kumar Gujral]], and Vajpayee again for 13 months in 1998–1999.<ref name=former/> In 1999, Vajpayee's [[National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA) won the general election, the first non-Congress alliance to do so, and he served a full five-year term as prime minister.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/atal-bihari-vajpayee-dies-the-3-time-pm-who-captivated-india-with-his-oratory-1901509|title=Atal Bihari Vajpayee: The 3-Time PM Who Captivated India With His Oratory|last=Ghosh|first=Deepshikha|website=[[NDTV]]|date=16 August 2018|access-date=4 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223151524/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/atal-bihari-vajpayee-dies-the-3-time-pm-who-captivated-india-with-his-oratory-1901509|archive-date=23 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The Congress, and its [[United Progressive Alliance]] won the general elections in 2004 and 2009, [[Manmohan Singh]] serving as prime minister between 2004 and 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/pm-modi-rahul-gandhi-greet-manmohan-singh-on-his-86th-birthday/317198|title=PM Modi, Rahul Gandhi Greet Manmohan Singh On His 86th Birthday|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|date=26 September 2018|access-date=4 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928170607/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/pm-modi-rahul-gandhi-greet-manmohan-singh-on-his-86th-birthday/317198|archive-date=28 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The BJP won the [[2014 Indian general election]], and its parliamentary leader [[Narendra Modi]] formed the first non-Congress single party majority government.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/05/bjp-modi-win-landslide-victory-in-indian-elections/|title=BJP, Modi Win Landslide Victory in Indian Elections|last=Panda|first=Ankit|publisher=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]|date=16 May 2014|access-date=27 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221054315/https://thediplomat.com/2014/05/bjp-modi-win-landslide-victory-in-indian-elections//|archive-date=21 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[BJP]] goes on to win the [[2019 Indian general election]] with a bigger margin than last time, granting a [[Second Modi ministry|second term]] for the incumbent Modi government.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lok-sabha-election-results-2019-election-results-today-counting-of-votes-begins-at-8-am-10-points-2041540|title=Election Results: Total BJP Sweep, India Chooses Modi 2.0, Show Leads - 10 Points|last=Panda|first=Anindita Sanyal Updated|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=21 October 2019|access-date=27 June 2024}}</ref> In [[2024 Indian general election]], [[Modi]] became the prime minister for the [[Third Modi ministry|third consecutive time]], second only to do so after the first [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lok-sabha-election-2024-results-modi-3-0-or-i-n-d-i-a-shining-counting-today-5808932|title=PM Set For Historic 3rd Term, Calls It "Victory Of Biggest Democracy"|last=Sanyal|first=Anindita Updated|publisher=[[NDTV]]|date=5 June 2024|access-date=27 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2024/06/decoding-indias-elections-how-modis-grip-loosened/|title=Decoding India’s Elections: How Modi’s Grip Loosened |last=Bhattacharya|first=Snigdhendu Updated|publisher=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]|date=5 June 2024|access-date=27 June 2024}}</ref>


== List of prime ministers of India ==
== List of prime ministers of India ==

<!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->

;Key
;Key
* No.: Incumbent number
* No.: Incumbent number
Line 53: Line 50:
* {{note label|NC|NC|NC}} Resigned following a [[no-confidence motion]]
* {{note label|NC|NC|NC}} Resigned following a [[no-confidence motion]]
* {{note label|DIS|DIS|DIS}} Dismissed by the Head of State
* {{note label|DIS|DIS|DIS}} Dismissed by the Head of State
'''Colour key''' (for political coalitions/parties):
* {{legend|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress]] (6)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
* {{legend|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|[[Janata Dal]] (3)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
* {{legend|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (2)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
* {{legend|{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}|[[Indian National Congress (R)]] (1)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
* {{legend|{{party color|Janata Party }}|[[Janata Party]] (1)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
* {{legend|{{party color|Janata Party (Secular)}}|[[Janata Party (Secular)]] (1)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
* {{legend|{{party color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}|[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]] (1)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}


{|class="wikitable notheme" style="text-align:center"
<!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->
!colspan="2"|{{Abbr|No.|Number}}

! Portrait

!style="width:15em"|Name<br><small>(born{{spaced ndash}}died)<br>Constituency</small>

!style="width:6em"| Age when assumed office

! colspan="4" |Term of office & elections<br>{{smaller|Duration in years and days}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!style="width:23em"| Concurrent ministerial positions
! rowspan="2" scope="col" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}}
!style="width:6em"|Party
! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Portrait
!style="width:6em"| Government
! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Name
!style="width:10em" |Head of State<br>{{small|(Tenure)}}
{{small|(birth and death)}}
! rowspan="2" |Constituency
! colspan="2" scope="col" |Term of office<ref name=":02">{{cite web |title=Former Prime Ministers |url=http://pmindia.gov.in/en/former-prime-ministers/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009232119/http://pmindia.gov.in/en/former-prime-ministers/ |archive-date=9 October 2014 |access-date=2 January 2015 |publisher=PM India}}</ref>
! rowspan="2" |Time in office
! rowspan="2" |Lok Sabha<br/>{{Small|([[Elections in India|election]])}}{{efn|Although the prime minister can be a member of either house of the [[Parliament of India|Parliament]], they have to command the confidence of the [[Lok Sabha]]. Upon dissolution of the Lok Sabha, the outgoing PM remains in office until their successor is sworn in.}}
! rowspan="2" |Ministry
! rowspan="2" |Appointed by
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" scope="col" |Party
|-
|-
! rowspan="5" | 1
!Took office
| rowspan="5" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
!Left office
| rowspan="5" | [[File:Jnehru.jpg|80px]]
| rowspan="5" | '''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'''<br>{{small|(1889–1964)<br> MP for [[United Provinces (1937–1950)|United Provinces]]<br>(''Constituent Assembly'', 1947-1952)<br>MP for [[Phulpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Phulpur]] (1952-1964)}}
| rowspan="5" | <small>{{age in years and days|1889|11|14|1947|8|15}}</small>
| rowspan="5" style="width:8em"| {{small|15 August}}<br>1947
| rowspan="5" style="width:8em"| {{small|27 May}}<br>1964{{ref label|†|†|†}}
| rowspan="5" style="width:6em"| <small>{{age in years and days|1947|8|15|1964|5|27}}</small>
| rowspan="2"| {{ndash}}
| rowspan="5" align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:85%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External and Commonwealth Affairs]]|[[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]] {{small|(1952{{ndash}}1955, 1957)}}|[[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]] {{small|(1958)}}}}
| rowspan="13" bgcolor="#87CEEB" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB" |[[First Nehru ministry|Nehru I]]
| [[George VI]]{{Efn|Governors-General:<br>[[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|'''Lord Louis Mountbatten''']]<br>(1947{{ndash}}1948),<br>'''[[C. Rajagopalachari]]'''<br>(1948{{ndash}}1950)}}<br>{{small|(1947{{ndash}}1950)}}
|-
|-
| rowspan="5" |'''1'''
| rowspan="3"| [[Rajendra Prasad]]<br>{{small|(1950{{ndash}}1962)}}
| rowspan="5" |[[File:Jnehru.jpg|alt=Jawaharlal Nehru|108x108px]]
| rowspan="5" |'''[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'''
{{small|(1889–1964)}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Constituent Assembly]] member for [[United Provinces (1937–1950)|United Provinces]]
| rowspan="2" |15 August 1947
| rowspan="2" |15 April 1952
| rowspan="5" |{{age in years and days|1947|08|15|1964|5|27}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Constituent Assembly of India|Constituent Assembly]]{{efn|The [[Constituent Assembly of India]] consisted of 389 members elected in 1946 by the provincial assemblies by a [[Single transferable vote|single, transferable-vote]] system of proportional representation. The Assembly was replaced by the Provisional Parliament of India after adoption of the [[Constitution of India|Constitution]] on 26 January 1950 until the [[Indian general election, 1951–52|first general elections]].}}
| rowspan="2" |[[First Nehru ministry|Nehru I]]
|[[King George VI]]
| rowspan="11" |[[Indian National Congress]]
| rowspan="11" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
|-
| [[1951–52 Indian general election|1951–52]]
| rowspan="4" |{{Sortname|Rajendra|Prasad}}
| bgcolor="#87CEEB" |[[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]]
|-
|-
| [[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Phulpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Phulpur]]
| bgcolor="#87CEEB" |[[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]]
|15 April 1952
|17 April 1957
|[[1st Lok Sabha|1st]]<br/>{{small|([[1951–52 Indian general election|1952 election]])}}
|[[Second Nehru ministry|Nehru II]]
|-
|-
| [[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|17 April 1957
| bgcolor="#87CEEB" |[[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]]
|2 April 1962
|[[2nd Lok Sabha|2nd]]<br/>{{small|([[1957 Indian general election|1957 election]])}}
| rowspan="5" | [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]<br>{{small|(1962{{ndash}}1967)}}
|[[Third Nehru ministry|Nehru III]]
|-
|-
! ''Acting''
|2 April 1962
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|27 May 1964<small>†</small>
| [[File:Gulzarilal Nanda 1.jpg|80px]]
| rowspan="5" |[[3rd Lok Sabha|3rd]]<br/>{{small|([[1962 Indian general election|1962 election]])}}
| '''[[Gulzarilal Nanda]]'''<br>{{small|(1898–1998)<br>MP for [[Sabarkantha Lok Sabha constituency|Sabarkantha]]}}
|[[Fourth Nehru ministry|Nehru IV]]
|<small>{{age in years and days|1898|7|4|1964|5|27}}</small>
| {{small|27 May}}<br>1964
| {{small|9 June}}<br>1964{{ref label|DIS|DIS|DIS}}
| <small>{{age in years and days|1964|5|27|1964|6|9}}</small>
| {{ndash}}
| align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:85%" |{{Bulleted list|[[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]|[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]]|[[Department of Atomic Energy|Minister of Atomic Energy]]}}
| bgcolor="#87CEEB" |[[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]]
|-
|-
! 2
|'''-'''
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Gulzarilal_Nanda_1.jpg|112x112px]]
| [[File:Lal Bahadur Shastri (cropped).jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Gulzarilal Nanda]]'''
| '''[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]'''<br>{{small|(1904–1966)<br>MP for [[Allahabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Allahabad]]}}
{{small|(1898–1998)}}
|<small>{{age in years and days|1904|10|2|1967|6|9}}</small>
|[[Sabarkantha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sabarkantha]]
|27 May 1964
| {{small|9 June}}<br>1964
| {{small|11 January}}<br>1966{{ref label|†|†|†}}
|9 June 1964
| <small>{{age in years and days|1964|6|9|1966|1|11}}</small>
|13 days
| {{ndash}}
|[[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]]
| align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:85%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]] {{small|(1964)}}}}
| rowspan="5" |{{Sortname|Sarvepalli|Radhakrishnan}}
| bgcolor="#87CEEB" |[[Shastri ministry|Shastri]]
|-
! ''Acting''
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[File:Gulzarilal Nanda 1.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Gulzarilal Nanda]]'''<br>{{small|(1898–1998)<br>MP for [[Sabarkantha Lok Sabha constituency|Sabarkantha]]}}
|<small>{{age in years and days|1898|7|4|1966|1|11}}</small>
| {{small|11 January}}<br>1966
| {{small|24 January}}<br>1966{{ref label|DIS|DIS|DIS}}
| <small>{{age in years and days|1966|1|11|1966|1|24}}</small>
|{{ndash}}
| align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:85%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]|[[Department of Atomic Energy|Minister of Atomic Energy]]}}
| bgcolor="#87CEEB" |[[Second Nanda ministry|Nanda II]]
|-
|-
! rowspan="8" | 3
|[[Premiership of Lal Bahadur Shastri|'''2''']]
| rowspan="5" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_(from_stamp).jpg|92x92px]]
| rowspan="8" | [[File:IndiraGandhi.png|80px]]
|'''[[Lal Bahadur Shastri]]'''
| rowspan="8" | '''[[Indira Gandhi]]'''<br>{{small|(1917–1984)<br>MP for [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]<br>(''Rajya Sabha'', 1966{{ndash}}1967)<br>MP for [[Rae Bareli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rae Bareli]] (1967{{ndash}}1977)}}
{{small|(1904–1966)}}
| rowspan="8" |<small>{{age in years and days|1917|11|19|1966|1|24}}</small>
|[[Allahabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Allahabad]]
| rowspan="8" | {{small|24 January}}<br>1966
|9 June 1964
| rowspan="8" | {{small|24 March}}<br>1977{{ref label|DIS|DIS|DIS}}
|11 January 1966<small>†</small>
|{{age in years and days|1964|6|9|1966|1|11}}
| rowspan="8" | <small>{{age in years and days|1966|1|24|1977|3|24}}</small>
| {{ndash}}
|[[Shastri ministry|Shastri]]
| rowspan="8" align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:85%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]] {{small|(1967{{ndash}}1969)}}|[[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]] {{small|(1970)}}|[[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]] {{small|(1970{{ndash}}1973)}}|[[Minister of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Minister of Information and Broadcasting]] {{small|(1971{{ndash}}1974)}}|[[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]] {{small|(1975)}}}}
| bgcolor="#87CEEB" |[[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]]
|-
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|'''-'''
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="#87CEEB" |[[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
|[[File:Gulzarilal_Nanda_1.jpg|112x112px]]
|[[Zakir Husain]]<br>{{small|(1967{{ndash}}1969)}}
|'''[[Gulzarilal Nanda]]'''
{{small|(1898–1998)}}
|[[Sabarkantha (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sabarkantha]]
|11 January 1966
|24 January 1966
|13 days
|[[First Nanda ministry|Nanda I]]
|-
|-
|''[[V. V. Giri]]''<br>''{{small|(1969)}}''<br>''{{small|(Acting)}}''
| rowspan="3" |'''3'''
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Indira_Gandhi_official_portrait.png|111x111px]]
| rowspan="3" |'''[[Indira Gandhi]]'''
{{small|(1917–1984)}}
|[[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Rajya Sabha MP]] for [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
|24 January 1966
|4 March 1967
| rowspan="3" |{{age in years and days|1966|1|24|1977|3|24}}
| rowspan="2" |[[First Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira I]]
|-
|-
|''[[Mohammad Hidayatullah]]''<br>''{{small|(1969)}}''<br>''{{small|(Acting)}}''
| rowspan="2" |[[Rae Bareli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rae Bareli]]
|4 March 1967
|15 March 1971
|[[4th Lok Sabha|4th]]<br/>{{small|([[1967 Indian general election|1967 election]])}}
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[V. V. Giri]]<br>{{small|(1969{{ndash}}1974)}}
|15 March 1971
|24 March 1977
|[[5th Lok Sabha|5th]]<br/>{{small|([[1971 Indian general election|1971 election]])}}
|[[Second Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira II]]
| rowspan="1" |{{Sortname|V. V.|Giri}}
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}" |
|'''[[Premiership of Morarji Desai|4]]'''
| rowspan="3" | [[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|[[File:Morarji_Desai_During_his_visit_to_the_United_States_of_America_(cropped).jpg|93x93px]]
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}" | [[Indian National Congress (R)]]
|'''[[Morarji Desai]]'''
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (R)}}" | [[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]]
{{small|(1896–1995)}}
|[[Surat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Surat]]
|24 March 1977
|28 July 1979{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
|{{age in years and days|1977|3|24|1979|7|28}}
| rowspan="2" |[[6th Lok Sabha|6th]]<br/>{{small|([[1977 Indian general election|1977 election]])}}
|[[Morarji Desai ministry|Desai]]
|{{Sortname|B. D.|Jatti}}
<small>''(acting)''</small>
|[[Janata Party]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|-
|-
|[[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]<br>{{small|(1974{{ndash}}1977)}}
|'''5'''
|[[File:Charan Singh Portrait.jpg|94x94px]]
|'''[[Charan Singh]]'''
{{small|(1902–1987)}}
|[[Baghpat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baghpat]]
|28 July 1979
|14 January 1980{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
|{{age in days|1979|7|28|1980|1|14}} days
|[[Charan Singh ministry|Charan]]
| rowspan="2" |{{Sortname|Neelam Sanjiva|Reddy}}
|[[Janata Party (Secular)]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party (Secular)}}" |
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[B. D. Jatti]]''<br>''{{small|(1977)}}''<br>''{{small|(Acting)}}''
|'''(3)'''
|[[File:Indira_Gandhi_official_portrait.png|111x111px]]
|'''[[Indira Gandhi]]'''
{{small|(1917–1984)}}
|[[Medak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Medak]]
|14 January 1980{{ref label|§|§|§}}
|31 October 1984<small>†</small>
|{{age in years and days|1980|1|14|1984|10|31}}
| rowspan="2" |[[7th Lok Sabha|7th]]<br/>{{small|([[1980 Indian general election|1980 election]])}}
|[[Third Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira III]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress (R)|Indian National Congress (I)]]
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''6'''
! rowspan="2" | 4
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Janata Party}}"|
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Rajiv Gandhi in 1985 (4x5) (cropped).jpg|frameless|94x94px]]
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Morarji Desai During his visit to the United States of America (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Rajiv Gandhi]]'''
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Morarji Desai]]'''<br>{{small|(1896–1995)<br>MP for [[Surat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Surat]]}}
{{small|(1944–1991)}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amethi]]
| rowspan="2" |<small>{{age in years and days|1896|2|29|1977|3|24}}</small>
| rowspan="2" | {{small|24 March}}<br>1977
|31 October 1984
| rowspan="2" | {{small|28 July}}<br>1979{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
|31 December 1984
| rowspan="2" |{{age in years and days|1984|10|31|1989|12|2}}
| rowspan="2" | <small>{{age in years and days|1977|3|24|1979|7|28}}</small>
| rowspan="2" |[[Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv]]
| rowspan="2" | [[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
| rowspan="2" align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:85%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]] {{small|(1977, 1979)}}|[[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]] {{small|(1978{{ndash}}1979)}}}}
| rowspan="2" |{{Sortname|Zail|Singh}}
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="#4089F7" | [[Janata Party]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="#4089F7" | [[Desai ministry|Desai]]
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]<br>{{small|(1977{{ndash}}1982)}}
|31 December 1984
|2 December 1989
|[[8th Lok Sabha|8th]]<br/>{{small|([[1984 Indian general election|1984 election]])}}
|-
|-
! 5
|[[Premiership of Vishwanath Pratap Singh|'''7''']]
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Janata Party (Secular)}}"|
|[[File:Visit_of_Vishwanath_Pratap_Sing,_Indian_Minister_for_Trade,_to_the_CEC_(cropped).jpg|101x101px]]
|'''[[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]'''
| [[File:Charan Singh Portrait.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Charan Singh]]'''<br>{{small|(1902–1987)<br>MP for [[Baghpat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Baghpat]]}}
{{small|(1931–2008)}}
| rowspan="1" |<small>{{age in years and days|1902|12|23|1979|7|28}}</small>
|[[Fatehpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehpur]]
| rowspan="1" | {{small|28 July}}<br>1979
|2 December 1989
|{{nowrap|10 November 1990{{ref label|NC|NC|NC}}}}
| rowspan="1" | {{small|14 January}}<br>1980{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
|{{age in days|1989|12|2|1990|11|10}} days
| <small>{{age in years and days|1979|7|28|1980|1|14}}</small>
| rowspan="1" | {{ndash}}
| rowspan="2" |[[9th Lok Sabha|9th]]<br/>{{small|([[1989 Indian general election|1989 election]])}}
| align="center" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:85%" | ''None''
|[[Vishwanath Pratap Singh ministry|Vishwanath]]
| bgcolor="#6495ED" | [[Janata Party (Secular)]]
| rowspan="3" |{{Sortname|R.|Venkataraman}}
| bgcolor="#6495ED" | [[Charan Singh ministry|Charan]]
|[[Janata Dal]]
{{small|(''[[National Front (India)|National Front]]'')}}
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"| (3)
|'''8'''
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:Chandra_Shekhar_Singh_2010_stamp_of_India.jpg|102x102px]]
| rowspan="2" | [[File:IndiraGandhi.png|80px]]
|'''[[Chandra Shekhar]]'''
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Indira Gandhi]]'''<br>{{small|(1917–1984)<br>MP for [[Medak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Medak]]}}
{{small|(1927–2007)}}
| rowspan="2" |<small>{{age in years and days|1917|11|19|1980|1|14}}</small>
|[[Ballia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ballia]]
| rowspan="2" | {{small|14 January}}<br>1980{{ref label|§|§|§}}
|{{nowrap|10 November 1990}}
|21 June 1991{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
| rowspan="2" | {{small|31 October}}<br>1984{{ref label|†|†|†}}
|{{age in days|1990|11|10|1991|6|21}} days
| rowspan="2" | <small>{{age in years and days|1980|1|14|1984|10|31}}</small>
| rowspan="2" | [[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|[[Chandra Shekhar ministry|Chandra Shekhar]]
| rowspan="2" align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:85%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]] {{small|(1980{{ndash}}1982)}}|[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]] {{small|(1984)}}}}
|[[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}" |
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"| [[Fourth Indira Gandhi ministry|Indira IV]]
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Zail Singh]]<br>{{small|(1982{{ndash}}1987)}}
|'''9'''
|[[File:Visit_of_Narasimha_Rao,_Indian_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs,_to_the_CEC_(cropped)(2).jpg|94x94px]]
|'''[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]'''
{{small|(1921–2004)}}
|[[Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nandyal]]
|21 June 1991
|16 May 1996
|{{age in years and days|1991|6|21|1996|5|16}}
|[[10th Lok Sabha|10th]]<br/>{{small|([[1991 Indian general election|1991 election]])}}
|[[Rao ministry|Rao]]
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (I)]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"| 6
|'''[[Premiership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee|10]]'''
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|[[File:Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_(crop_2).jpg|94x94px]]
| rowspan="2" | [[File:RajivGandhi.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'''
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Rajiv Gandhi]]'''<br>{{small|(1944–1991)<br>MP for [[Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Amethi]]}}
{{small|(1924–2018)}}
| rowspan="2" |<small>{{age in years and days|1944|8|20|1984|10|31}}</small>
|[[Lucknow (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lucknow]]
| rowspan="2" | {{small|31 October}}<br>1984
|16 May 1996
|1 June 1996{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
| rowspan="2" | {{small|2 December}}<br>1989{{ref label|DIS|DIS|DIS}}
| rowspan="2" | <small>{{age in years and days|1984|10|31|1989|12|2}}</small>
|16 days
|{{ndash}}
| rowspan="3" |[[11th Lok Sabha|11th]]<br/>{{small|([[1996 Indian general election|1996 election]])}}
| rowspan="2" align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:85%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]] {{small|(1984{{ndash}}1985, 1987{{ndash}}1988)}}|[[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Minister of Tourism]], [[Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)|Civil Aviation]] and [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Commerce]] {{small|(1984{{ndash}}1985)}}|[[Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change|Minister of Environment and Forests]] {{small|(1984{{ndash}}1986)}}|[[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]] {{small|(1985{{ndash}}1987)}}|[[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]] {{small|(1987)}}}}
|[[First Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee I]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"| [[First Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv I]]
| rowspan="3" |{{Sortname|Shankar Dayal|Sharma}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
|-
| [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|'''11'''
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"| [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv II]]
|[[File:H._D._Deve_Gowda_BNC.jpg|94x94px]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]]<br>{{small|(1987{{ndash}}1992)}}
|'''[[H. D. Deve Gowda]]'''
{{small|(born 1933)}}
|[[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Rajya Sabha MP]] for [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka|Karnataka]]
|1 June 1996
|21 April 1997{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
|{{age in days|1996|6|1|1997|4|21}} days
|[[Deve Gowda ministry|Deve Gowda]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Janata Dal]]
{{small|(''[[United Front (India)|United Front]]'')}}
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
|-
|-
! 7
|'''12'''
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
|[[File:Inder Kumar Gujral.jpg|113x113px]]
| [[File:V. P. Singh (cropped).jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Inder Kumar Gujral]]'''
| '''[[V. P. Singh|Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]'''<br>{{small|(1931–2008)<br>MP for [[Fatehpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehpur]]}}
{{small|(1919–2012)}}
| rowspan="1" |<small>{{age in years and days|1931|6|25|1989|12|2}}</small>
|[[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Rajya Sabha MP]] for [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Bihar|Bihar]]
| {{small|2 December}}<br>1989
|21 April 1997
|19 March 1998{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
| {{small|10 November}}<br>1990{{ref label|NC|NC|NC}}
|{{age in days|1997|4|21|1998|3|19}} days
| <small>{{age in years and days|1989|12|2|1990|11|10}}</small>
| [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|[[Gujral ministry|Gujral]]
| align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:85%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]]|[[Minister of Education (India)|Minister of Human Resource Development]]|[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]] {{small|(1989)}}}}
| style="background:#4C915F" | [[Janata Dal]]
| style="background:#4C915F" | [[V. P. Singh ministry|Vishwanath]]
|-
|-
! 8
| rowspan="2" |'''([[Premiership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee|10]])'''
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)}}"|
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_(crop_2).jpg|94x94px]]
| [[File:Chandra Shekhar Singh 2010 stamp of India.jpg|80px]]
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'''
| '''[[Chandra Shekhar]]'''<br>{{small|(1927–2007)<br>MP for [[Ballia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ballia]]}}
{{small|(1924–2018)}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Lucknow (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lucknow]]
| rowspan="1" |<small>{{age in years and days|1927|4|17|1990|11|10}}</small>
| {{small|10 November}}<br>1990
|19 March 1998{{ref label|§|§|§}}
|{{nowrap|13 October 1999{{ref label|NC|NC|NC}}}}
| {{small|21 June}}<br>1991{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
| rowspan="2" |{{age in years and days|1998|3|19|2004|5|22}}
| <small>{{age in years and days|1990|11|10|1991|6|21}}</small>
| {{ndash}}
|[[12th Lok Sabha|12th]]<br/>{{small|([[1998 Indian general election|1998 election]])}}
| align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:85%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]] {{small|(1990)}}}}
|[[Second Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee II]]
| style="background:#74C365" | [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]
| rowspan="2" |{{Sortname|K. R.|Narayanan}}
| style="background:#74C365" | [[Chandra Shekhar ministry|Chandra Shekhar]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
{{small|(''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]'')}}
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"| 9
|13 October 1999
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"|
|22 May 2004
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Visit of Narasimha Rao, Indian Minister for Foreign Affairs, to the CEC (cropped)(2).jpg|80px]]
|[[13th Lok Sabha|13th]]<br/>{{small|([[1999 Indian general election|1999 election]])}}
| rowspan="2" | '''[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]'''<br>{{small|(1921–2004)<br>MP for [[Nandyal Lok Sabha constituency|Nandyal]]}}
|[[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee III]]
| rowspan="2" |<small>{{age in years and days|1921|6|28|1991|6|21}}</small>
| rowspan="2" | {{small|21 June}}<br>1991
| rowspan="2" | {{small|16 May}}<br>1996{{ref label|DIS|DIS|DIS}}
| rowspan="2" | <small>{{age in years and days|1991|6|21|1996|5|16}}</small>
| rowspan="2" | [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
| rowspan="2" align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:85%" |{{bulleted list|[[Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers|Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers]] {{small|(1991{{ndash}}1994)}}|[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]] {{small|(1992{{ndash}}1993)}}|[[Minister of Defence (India)|Minister of Defence]] {{small|(1993{{ndash}}1996)}}|[[Minister of Railways (India)|Minister of Railways]] {{small|(1995{{ndash}}1996)}}}}
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}"| [[Rao ministry|Rao]]
|-
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]<br>{{small|(1992{{ndash}}1997)}}
| rowspan="2" |'''13'''
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Manmohan Singh in 2009.jpg|frameless|101x101px]]
| rowspan="2" |'''[[Manmohan Singh]]'''
{{small|(1932–2024)}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Rajya Sabha MP]] for [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Assam|Assam]]
|22 May 2004
|22 May 2009
| rowspan="2" |{{age in years and days|2004|5|22|2014|5|26}}
|[[14th Lok Sabha|14th]]<br/>{{small|([[2004 Indian general election|2004 election]])}}
|[[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]]
|{{Sortname|A. P. J. Abdul|Kalam}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Indian National Congress]]
{{small|(''[[United Progressive Alliance|UPA]]'')}}
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
|-
! 10
|22 May 2009
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|26 May 2014
| [[File:Atal Bihari Vajpayee (crop 2).jpg|80px]]
|[[15th Lok Sabha|15th]]<br/>{{small|([[2009 Indian general election|2009 election]])}}
| '''[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'''<br>{{small|(1924–2018)<br>MP for [[Lucknow Lok Sabha constituency|Lucknow]]}}
|[[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan II]]
| rowspan="1" |<small>{{age in years and days|1924|12|25|1996|5|16}}</small>
|{{Sortname|Pratibha|Patil}}
| {{small|16 May}}<br>1996
| {{small|1 June}}<br>1996{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
| <small>{{age in years and days|1996|5|16|1996|6|1}}</small>
| [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:85%" |{{bulleted list|[[Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers|Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers]]|[[Ministry of Textiles (India)|Ministry of Textiles]]|[[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Minister of Commerce and Industry]]}}
| style="background:#FFA551;" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| style="background:#FFA551;" | [[First Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee I]]
|-
|-
! 11
| rowspan="3" |[[Premiership of Narendra Modi|'''14''']]
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Official_Photograph_of_Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_Potrait.png|89x89px]]
| [[File:H. D. Deve Gowda BNC.jpg|80px]]
| rowspan="3" |'''[[Narendra Modi]]'''
| '''[[H. D. Deve Gowda]]'''<br>{{small|(born 1933)<br>MP for [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka|Karnataka]] ''(Rajya Sabha)''}}
{{small|(born 1950)}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Varanasi]]
| rowspan="1" |<small>{{age in years and days|1933|5|18|1996|6|1}}</small>
| {{small|1 June}}<br>1996
|26 May 2014
| {{small|21 April}}<br>1997{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
|30 May 2019
| rowspan="3" |{{age in years and days|2014|5|26}}
| <small>{{age in years and days|1996|6|1|1997|4|21}}</small>
| {{ndash}}
|[[16th Lok Sabha|16th]]<br/>{{small|([[2014 Indian general election|2014 election]])}}
| align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:85%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]] {{small|(1996)}}|[[Minister of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare|Minister of Agriculture]] {{small|(1996)}}|[[Minister of Textiles (India)|Minister of Textiles]] {{small|(1996)}}|[[Minister of Urban Development (India)|Minister of Urban Development]] {{small|(1996{{ndash}}1997)}}}}
|[[First Modi ministry|Modi I]]
| rowspan="3" style="background:#4C915F;" | [[Janata Dal]]<br>{{small|([[United Front (India, 1996)|United Front]])}}
|{{Sortname|Pranab|Mukherjee}}
| style="background:#4C915F;" |[[Deve Gowda ministry|Deve Gowda]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
{{small|(''[[National Democratic Alliance (India)|NDA]]'')}}
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|-
|-
! rowspan="2"| 12
|30 May 2019
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Janata Dal}}"|
|9 June 2024
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Inder Kumar Gujral 071.jpg|80px]]
|[[17th Lok Sabha|17th]]<br/>{{small|([[2019 Indian general election|2019 election]])}}
| rowspan="2" | '''[[Inder Kumar Gujral]]'''<br>{{small|(1919–2012)<br>MP for [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Bihar|Bihar]] ''(Rajya Sabha)''}}
|[[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]]
| rowspan="2" |<small>{{age in years and days|1919|12|4|1997|4|21}}</small>
|{{Sortname|Ram Nath|Kovind}}
| rowspan="2" | {{small|21 April}}<br>1997
| rowspan="2" | {{small|19 March}}<br>1998{{ref label|RES|RES|RES}}
| rowspan="2" | <small>{{age in years and days|1997|4|21|1998|3|19}}</small>
| rowspan="2" | {{ndash}}
| rowspan="2" align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:85%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]]|[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]]|[[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]] {{small|(1997)}}}}
| rowspan="2" style="background:#4C915F;" |[[Gujral ministry|Gujral]]
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[K. R. Narayanan]]<br>{{small|(1997{{ndash}}2002)}}
|9 June 2024
|-
|''Incumbent''
! rowspan="3"| (10)
|[[18th Lok Sabha|18th]]<br/>{{small|([[2024 Indian general election|2024 election]])}}
| rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Atal Bihari Vajpayee (crop 2).jpg|80px]]
|[[Droupadi Murmu]]
| rowspan="3" | '''[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]'''<br>{{small|(1924–2018)<br>MP for [[Lucknow Lok Sabha constituency|Lucknow]]}}
| rowspan="3" |<small>{{age in years and days|1924|12|25|1998|3|19}}</small>
| rowspan="3" | {{small|19 March}}<br>1998{{ref label|§|§|§}}
| rowspan="3" | {{small|22 May}}<br>2004{{ref label|DIS|DIS|DIS}}
| rowspan="3" | <small>{{age in years and days|1998|3|19|2004|5|22}}</small>
| [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
| rowspan="3" align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:85%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]] {{small|(1998)}}|[[Minister of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Minister of Information and Broadcasting]], [[Ministry of Communications and Information Technology|Communications and Information Technology]] {{small|(1998)}}|[[Ministry of New and Renewable Energy|Minister of Non Conventional Energy Sources]] {{small|(1998{{ndash}}1999)}}|[[Ministry of Coal (India)|Minister of Coal]] and [[Ministry of Mines (India)|Mines]] {{small|(2002)}}|[[Ministry of Environment and Forests (India)|Minister of Environment and Forests]] {{small|(2003{{ndash}}2004)}}}}
| rowspan="3" style="background:#FFA551;" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br>{{small|([[National Democratic Alliance]])}}
| style="background:#FFA551;" | [[Second Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee II]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FFA551;" |[[Third Vajpayee ministry|Vajpayee III]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]<br>{{small|(2002{{ndash}}2007)}}
|-
! rowspan="4"| 13
| rowspan="4" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| rowspan="4" | [[File:Official Portrait of the Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh (3x4 cropped).jpg|80px]]
| rowspan="4" | '''[[Manmohan Singh]]'''<br>{{small|(1932–2024)<br>MP for [[Assam]] ''(Rajya Sabha)''}}
| rowspan="4" |<small>{{age in years and days|1932|9|26|2004|5|22}}</small>
| rowspan="4" | {{small|22 May}}<br>2004
| rowspan="4" | {{small|26 May}}<br>2014{{ref label|DIS|DIS|DIS}}
| rowspan="4" | <small>{{age in years and days|2004|5|22|2014|5|26}}</small>
| rowspan="2" | [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
| rowspan="4" align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:85%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]]|Minister in-charge of:
* [[Department of Atomic Energy]]
* [[Department of Space]]|[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]] {{small|(2005{{ndash}}2006)}}|[[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]] {{small|(2008{{ndash}}2009, 2012)}}|[[Minister of Culture (India)|Minister of Culture]] {{small|(2009{{ndash}}2011)}}}}
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="#87CEEB" |[[Indian National Congress]]<br>{{small|([[United Progressive Alliance]])}}
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB" |[[First Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan I]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Pratibha Patil]]<br>{{small|(2007{{ndash}}2012)}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB" |[[Second Manmohan Singh ministry|Manmohan II]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br>{{small|(2012{{ndash}}2017)}}
|-
! rowspan="5"| 14
| rowspan="5" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| rowspan="5" | [[File:Shri Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India (crop).jpg|80px]]
| rowspan="5" | '''[[Narendra Modi]]'''<br>{{small|(born 1950)<br>MP for [[Varanasi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Varanasi]], [[Vadodara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vadodara]](2014)}}{{small|RES}}
| rowspan="5" |<small>{{age in years and days|1950|9|17|2014|5|26}}</small>
| rowspan="5" | {{small|26 May}}<br>2014
| rowspan="5" | Incumbent
| rowspan="5" | {{age in years and days|26 May 2014}}
| rowspan="2" | [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
| rowspan="5" align="left" style="background:#eaecf0; font-size:85%" |{{bulleted list|[[Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]]|Minister in-charge of:
*[[Department of Atomic Energy]]
*[[Department of Space]]
*[[Ministry of Science and Technology (India)|Minister of Science and Technology]], [[Ministry of Earth Sciences|Earth Sciences]] {{small|(2014)}}}}
| rowspan="5" style="background:#FFA551;" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br>{{small|([[National Democratic Alliance]])}}
| rowspan="2" style="background:#FFA551;" |[[First Modi ministry|Modi I]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br>{{small|(2017{{ndash}}2022)}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="#FFA551" |[[Second Modi ministry|Modi II]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Droupadi Murmu]]<br>{{small|(2022{{ndash}}present)}}
|-
| [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| bgcolor="#FFA551" | [[Third Modi ministry|Modi III]]
|}
|}


==List of prime ministers by length of term==
==List of prime ministers by length of term==

<!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
! data-sort-type=number rowspan = "2" | {{Tooltip|No.}}
! rowspan = "2" | Name
! rowspan = "2" | Name
! rowspan = "2" | Party
! rowspan = "2" | Party
Line 374: Line 381:
! Total years of premiership
! Total years of premiership
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="1" | 1
| {{Sortname|Jawaharlal|Nehru}}
| {{Sortname|Jawaharlal|Nehru}}
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
Line 379: Line 387:
| 16 years, 286 days
| 16 years, 286 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="2" | 2
| {{Sortname|Indira|Gandhi}}
| {{Sortname|Indira|Gandhi}}
| [[Indian National Congress|INC/INC(I)]]/[[Indian National Congress (R)|INC(R)]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC/INC(I)]]/[[Indian National Congress (R)|INC(R)]]
Line 384: Line 393:
| 15 years, 350 days
| 15 years, 350 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="3" | 3
| '''{{Sortname|Narendra|Modi}}'''
| '''{{Sortname|Narendra|Modi}}'''
| '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]'''
| '''[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]'''
| '''{{age in years and days|2014|5|26}}'''
| '''{{age in years and days|2014|5|26}}'''
| '''{{age in years and days|2014|5|26}}'''
| '''{{age in years and days|2014|5|26}}'''
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="4" | 4
| {{Sortname|Manmohan|Singh}}
| {{Sortname|Manmohan|Singh}}
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
Line 394: Line 405:
| 10 years, 4 days
| 10 years, 4 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="5" | 5
| {{Sortname|Atal Bihari|Vajpayee}}
| {{Sortname|Atal Bihari|Vajpayee}}
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
Line 399: Line 411:
| 6 years, 80 days
| 6 years, 80 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="6" | 6
| {{Sortname|Rajiv|Gandhi}}
| {{Sortname|Rajiv|Gandhi}}
| [[Indian National Congress|INC(I)]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC(I)]]
Line 404: Line 417:
| 5 years, 32 days
| 5 years, 32 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="7" | 7
| {{Sortname|P. V. Narasimha|Rao}}
| {{Sortname|P. V. Narasimha|Rao}}
| [[Indian National Congress|INC(I)]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC(I)]]
Line 409: Line 423:
| 4 years, 330 days
| 4 years, 330 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="8" | 8
| {{Sortname|Morarji|Desai}}
| {{Sortname|Morarji|Desai}}
| [[Janata Party|JP]]
| [[Janata Party|JP]]
Line 414: Line 429:
| 2 years, 126 days
| 2 years, 126 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="9" | 9
| {{Sortname|Lal Bahadur|Shastri}}
| {{Sortname|Lal Bahadur|Shastri}}
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
Line 419: Line 435:
| 1 year, 216 days
| 1 year, 216 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="10" | 10
| {{Sortname|Vishwanath Pratap|Singh}}
| {{Sortname|Vishwanath Pratap|Singh}}
| [[Janata Dal|JD]]
| [[Janata Dal|JD]]
Line 424: Line 441:
| 343 days
| 343 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="11" | 11
| {{Sortname|Inder Kumar|Gujral}}
| {{Sortname|Inder Kumar|Gujral}}
| [[Janata Dal|JD]]
| [[Janata Dal|JD]]
Line 429: Line 447:
| 332 days
| 332 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="12" | 12
| {{Sortname|H. D.|Deve Gowda}}
| {{Sortname|H. D.|Deve Gowda}}
| [[Janata Dal|JD]]
| [[Janata Dal|JD]]
Line 434: Line 453:
| 324 days
| 324 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="13" | 13
| {{Sortname|Chandra|Shekhar}}
| {{Sortname|Chandra|Shekhar}}
| [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)|SJP(R)]]
| [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)|SJP(R)]]
Line 439: Line 459:
| 223 days
| 223 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="14" | 14
| {{Sortname|Charan|Singh}}
| {{Sortname|Charan|Singh}}
| [[Janata Party (Secular)|JP(S)]]
| [[Janata Party (Secular)|JP(S)]]
Line 444: Line 465:
| 170 days
| 170 days
|-
|-
! data-sort-value="15" | ''15''
| ''{{Sortname|Gulzarilal|Nanda}}''
| ''{{Sortname|Gulzarilal|Nanda}}''
| ''[[Indian National Congress|INC]]''
| ''[[Indian National Congress|INC]]''
Line 541: Line 563:


== List by party ==
== List by party ==

{{Pie chart
{{Pie chart
| caption= Fraction of time of holding PMO by party (as of January 2025)
| caption= Fraction of time of holding PMO by party (as of January 2025)
Line 567: Line 588:
! data-sort-value="1" | 1
! data-sort-value="1" | 1
| [[Indian National Congress|INC/INC(I)]]/[[Indian National Congress (R)|INC(R)]]
| [[Indian National Congress|INC/INC(I)]]/[[Indian National Congress (R)|INC(R)]]
| data-sort-type=6 | 7{{Efn|Including [[Gulzarilal Nanda]]}}
| data-sort-type=6 | 7
| 54 years, 123 days
| 54 years, 123 days
|-
|-
Line 617: Line 638:
* [[Prime minister of India]]
* [[Prime minister of India]]
* [[President of India]]
* [[President of India]]
* [[Union Council of Ministers]]
* [[Vice President of India]]
* [[Vice President of India]]
* [[List of presidents of India]]
* [[List of presidents of India]]

Revision as of 11:41, 31 May 2025

This article is part of a series on the
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The prime minister of India is the chief executive of the Government of India and chair of the Union Council of Ministers.[1][2] Although the president of India is the constitutional, nominal, and ceremonial head of state,[3][4][5][6] in practice and ordinarily, the executive authority is vested in the prime minister and their chosen Council of Ministers.[7][8][6] The prime minister is the leader elected by the party with a majority in the lower house of the Indian parliament, the Lok Sabha, which is the main legislative body in the Republic of India.[9] The prime minister and their cabinet are at all times responsible to the Lok Sabha.[10][11] The prime minister can be a member of the Lok Sabha or of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the parliament. The prime minister ranks third in the order of precedence.

  • Top left: Jawaharlal Nehru was the first and the longest-serving prime minister in Indian history.
  • Top center: Indira Gandhi was the first and only woman to serve as prime minister.
  • Top right: Charan Singh was the first and only prime minister in Indian history who never faced parliament.
  • Bottom left: Atal Bihari Vajpayee was the first non-Congress prime minister to complete a full 5 year term.
  • Bottom center: Manmohan Singh was the first prime minister from a minority religion.
  • Bottom right: Narendra Modi is the only prime minister to be born in independent India and is the longest-serving non-Congress prime minister.

The prime minister is appointed by the president of India; however, the prime minister has to enjoy the confidence of the majority of Lok Sabha members, who are directly elected every five years, unless a prime minister resigns. The prime minister is the presiding member of the Council of Ministers of the Union government. The prime minister unilaterally controls the selection and dismissal of members of the council; and allocation of posts to members within the government. This council, which is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha as per Article 75(3), assists the president regarding the operations under the latter's powers; however, by the virtue of Article 74 of the Constitution, such 'aid and advice' tendered by the council is binding.

Since 1947, India has had 14 prime ministers.[a] Jawaharlal Nehru was India's first prime minister, serving as prime minister of the Dominion of India from 15 August 1947 until 26 January 1950, and thereafter of the Republic of India until his death in May 1964. (India conducted its first post-independence general elections in 1952). Earlier, Nehru had served as prime minister of the Interim Government of India during the British Raj from 2 September 1946 until 14 August 1947, his party, the Indian National Congress having won the 1946 Indian provincial elections. Nehru was succeeded by Lal Bahadur Shastri, whose 1 year 7-month term ended in his death in Tashkent, then in the USSR, where he had signed the Tashkent Declaration between India and Pakistan.[12] Indira Gandhi, Nehru's daughter, succeeded Shastri in 1966 to become the country's first female prime minister.[13] Eleven years later, her party the Indian National Congress lost the 1977 Indian general election to the Janata Party, whose leader Morarji Desai became the first non-Congress prime minister.[14] After Desai resigned in 1979, his former associate Charan Singh briefly held office until the Congress won the 1980 Indian general election and Indira Gandhi returned as prime minister.[15] Her second term as prime minister ended five years later on 31 October 1984, when she was assassinated by her bodyguards.[13] Her son Rajiv Gandhi was sworn in as India's youngest premier. Members of Nehru–Gandhi family have been prime minister for approximately 38 years.[16]

After a general election loss, Rajiv Gandhi's five-year term ended; his former cabinet colleague, Vishwanath Pratap Singh of the Janata Dal, formed the year-long National Front coalition government in 1989. A seven-month interlude under prime minister Chandra Shekhar followed, after which the Congress party returned to power, forming the government under P. V. Narasimha Rao in June 1991, Rajiv Gandhi having been assassinated earlier that year.[17] Rao's five-year term was succeeded by four short-lived governments—Atal Bihari Vajpayee from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) for 13 days in 1996, a year each under United Front prime ministers H. D. Deve Gowda and Inder Kumar Gujral, and Vajpayee again for 13 months in 1998–1999.[17] In 1999, Vajpayee's National Democratic Alliance (NDA) won the general election, the first non-Congress alliance to do so, and he served a full five-year term as prime minister.[18] The Congress, and its United Progressive Alliance won the general elections in 2004 and 2009, Manmohan Singh serving as prime minister between 2004 and 2014.[19] The BJP won the 2014 Indian general election, and its parliamentary leader Narendra Modi formed the first non-Congress single party majority government.[20] The BJP goes on to win the 2019 Indian general election with a bigger margin than last time, granting a second term for the incumbent Modi government.[21] In 2024 Indian general election, Modi became the prime minister for the third consecutive time, second only to do so after the first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.[22][23]

List of prime ministers of India

Key
  • No.: Incumbent number
  • † Assassinated or died in office
  • § Returned to office after a previous non-consecutive term
  • RES Resigned
  • NC Resigned following a no-confidence motion
  • DIS Dismissed by the Head of State

Colour key (for political coalitions/parties):

No. Portrait Name
(born – died)
Constituency 		Age when assumed office Term of office & elections
Duration in years and days 		Concurrent ministerial positions Party Government Head of State
(Tenure)
1 Jawaharlal Nehru
(1889–1964)
MP for United Provinces
(Constituent Assembly, 1947-1952)
MP for Phulpur (1952-1964) 		57 years, 274 days 15 August
1947 		27 May
1964[†] 		16 years, 286 days – Indian National Congress Nehru I George VI[b]
(1947–1950)
Rajendra Prasad
(1950–1962)
1951–52 Nehru II
1957 Nehru III
1962 Nehru IV Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
(1962–1967)
Acting Gulzarilal Nanda
(1898–1998)
MP for Sabarkantha 		65 years, 328 days 27 May
1964 		9 June
1964[DIS] 		13 days – Nanda I
2 Lal Bahadur Shastri
(1904–1966)
MP for Allahabad 		62 years, 250 days 9 June
1964 		11 January
1966[†] 		1 year, 216 days – Shastri
Acting Gulzarilal Nanda
(1898–1998)
MP for Sabarkantha 		67 years, 191 days 11 January
1966 		24 January
1966[DIS] 		13 days – Nanda II
3 Indira Gandhi
(1917–1984)
MP for Uttar Pradesh
(Rajya Sabha, 1966–1967)
MP for Rae Bareli (1967–1977) 		48 years, 66 days 24 January
1966 		24 March
1977[DIS] 		11 years, 59 days – Indira I
1967 Indira II Zakir Husain
(1967–1969)
V. V. Giri
(1969)
(Acting)
Mohammad Hidayatullah
(1969)
(Acting)
V. V. Giri
(1969–1974)
1971 Indian National Congress (R) Indira III
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
(1974–1977)
B. D. Jatti
(1977)
(Acting)
4 Morarji Desai
(1896–1995)
MP for Surat 		81 years, 24 days 24 March
1977 		28 July
1979[RES] 		2 years, 126 days 1977 Janata Party Desai
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
(1977–1982)
5 Charan Singh
(1902–1987)
MP for Baghpat 		76 years, 217 days 28 July
1979 		14 January
1980[RES] 		170 days – None Janata Party (Secular) Charan
(3) Indira Gandhi
(1917–1984)
MP for Medak 		62 years, 56 days 14 January
1980[§] 		31 October
1984[†] 		4 years, 291 days 1980 Indian National Congress (I) Indira IV
Zail Singh
(1982–1987)
6 Rajiv Gandhi
(1944–1991)
MP for Amethi 		40 years, 72 days 31 October
1984 		2 December
1989[DIS] 		5 years, 32 days – Rajiv I
1984 Rajiv II Ramaswamy Venkataraman
(1987–1992)
7 Vishwanath Pratap Singh
(1931–2008)
MP for Fatehpur 		58 years, 160 days 2 December
1989 		10 November
1990[NC] 		343 days 1989 Janata Dal Vishwanath
8 Chandra Shekhar
(1927–2007)
MP for Ballia 		63 years, 207 days 10 November
1990 		21 June
1991[RES] 		223 days – Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) Chandra Shekhar
9 P. V. Narasimha Rao
(1921–2004)
MP for Nandyal 		69 years, 358 days 21 June
1991 		16 May
1996[DIS] 		4 years, 330 days 1991 Indian National Congress (I) Rao
Shankar Dayal Sharma
(1992–1997)
10 Atal Bihari Vajpayee
(1924–2018)
MP for Lucknow 		71 years, 143 days 16 May
1996 		1 June
1996[RES] 		16 days 1996 Bharatiya Janata Party Vajpayee I
11 H. D. Deve Gowda
(born 1933)
MP for Karnataka (Rajya Sabha) 		63 years, 14 days 1 June
1996 		21 April
1997[RES] 		324 days – Janata Dal
(United Front) 		Deve Gowda
12 Inder Kumar Gujral
(1919–2012)
MP for Bihar (Rajya Sabha) 		77 years, 138 days 21 April
1997 		19 March
1998[RES] 		332 days – Gujral
K. R. Narayanan
(1997–2002)
(10) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
(1924–2018)
MP for Lucknow 		73 years, 84 days 19 March
1998[§] 		22 May
2004[DIS] 		6 years, 64 days 1998 Bharatiya Janata Party
(National Democratic Alliance) 		Vajpayee II
1999 Vajpayee III
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
(2002–2007)
13 Manmohan Singh
(1932–2024)
MP for Assam (Rajya Sabha) 		71 years, 239 days 22 May
2004 		26 May
2014[DIS] 		10 years, 4 days 2004 Indian National Congress
(United Progressive Alliance) 		Manmohan I
Pratibha Patil
(2007–2012)
2009 Manmohan II
Pranab Mukherjee
(2012–2017)
14 Narendra Modi
(born 1950)
MP for Varanasi, Vadodara(2014)RES 		63 years, 251 days 26 May
2014 		Incumbent 11 years, 17 days 2014 Bharatiya Janata Party
(National Democratic Alliance) 		Modi I
Ram Nath Kovind
(2017–2022)
2019 Modi II
Droupadi Murmu
(2022–present)
2024 Modi III

List of prime ministers by length of term

No. Name Party Length of term
Longest continuous term Total years of premiership
1 Jawaharlal Nehru INC 16 years, 286 days 16 years, 286 days
2 Indira Gandhi INC/INC(I)/INC(R) 11 years, 59 days 15 years, 350 days
3 Narendra Modi BJP 11 years, 17 days 11 years, 17 days
4 Manmohan Singh INC 10 years, 4 days 10 years, 4 days
5 Atal Bihari Vajpayee BJP 6 years, 64 days 6 years, 80 days
6 Rajiv Gandhi INC(I) 5 years, 32 days 5 years, 32 days
7 P. V. Narasimha Rao INC(I) 4 years, 330 days 4 years, 330 days
8 Morarji Desai JP 2 years, 126 days 2 years, 126 days
9 Lal Bahadur Shastri INC 1 year, 216 days 1 year, 216 days
10 Vishwanath Pratap Singh JD 343 days 343 days
11 Inder Kumar Gujral JD 332 days 332 days
12 H. D. Deve Gowda JD 324 days 324 days
13 Chandra Shekhar SJP(R) 223 days 223 days
14 Charan Singh JP(S) 170 days 170 days
15 Gulzarilal Nanda INC 13 days 26 days
Timeline
Narendra ModiManmohan SinghInder Kumar GujralH. D. Deve GowdaAtal Bihari VajpayeeP. V. Narasimha RaoChandra ShekharV. P. SinghRajiv GandhiCharan SinghMorarji DesaiIndira GandhiLal Bahadur ShastriGulzarilal NandaJawaharlal Nehru

Lifespan of prime ministers

Narendra ModiManmohan SinghInder Kumar GujralH. D. Deve GowdaAtal Bihari VajpayeeP. V. Narasimha RaoChandra ShekharVishwanath Pratap SinghRajiv GandhiCharan SinghMorarji DesaiIndira GandhiLal Bahadur ShastriJawaharlal Nehru

List by party

Fraction of time of holding PMO by party (as of January 2025)
  1. Indian National Congress (70.05%)
  2. Bharatiya Janata Party (21.97%)
  3. Janata Dal (3.55%)
  4. Janata Party (3.05%)
  5. Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) (0.79%)
  6. Janata Party (Secular) (0.59%)
Political parties by total timespan of their member holding PMO (as of 12 June 2025)
No. Political party Number of Prime ministers Total years of holding PMO
1 INC/INC(I)/INC(R) 7 54 years, 123 days
2 BJP 2 17 years, 97 days
3 JD 3 2 years, 269 days
4 JP 1 2 years, 126 days
5 SJP(R) 1 223 days
6 JP(S) 1 170 days

Parties by total duration (in years) of holding Prime Minister's Office

10
20
30
40
50
60
INC
BJP
JD
JP
JP(S)
SJP(R)

See also

Footnotes

  • † Assassinated or died in office
  • § Returned to office after a previous non-consecutive term
  • RES Resigned
  • NC Resigned following a no-confidence motion

Notes

  1. ^ 15 including Gulzarilal Nanda who twice acted in the role, of which 7 having at least one full term, ruling country for about 70 years.
  2. ^ Governors-General:
    Lord Louis Mountbatten
    (1947–1948),
    C. Rajagopalachari
    (1948–1950)

References

  1. ^ Pillay, Anashri (2019), "The Constitution of the Republic of India", in Masterman, Roger; Schütze, Robert (eds.), Cambridge Companion to Comparative Constitutional Law, Cambridge University Press, pp. 146–147, doi:10.1017/9781316716731, ISBN 978-1-107-16781-0, LCCN 2019019723, S2CID 219881288, The head of government is the Prime Minister.
  2. ^ Dam, Shubhankar (2016), "Executive", in Choudhry, Sujit; Khosla, Madhav; Mehta, Pratap Bhanu (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, p. 307, ISBN 978-0-19-870489-8, The Prime Minister is the head of government.
  3. ^ Pillay, Anashri (2019), "The Constitution of the Republic of India", in Masterman, Roger; Schütze, Robert (eds.), Cambridge Companion to Comparative Constitutional Law, Cambridge University Press, pp. 146–147, doi:10.1017/9781316716731, ISBN 978-1-107-16781-0, LCCN 2019019723, S2CID 219881288, An elected President is the nominal head of state but exercises little power.
  4. ^ Majeed, Akhtar (2005), "Republic of India", in Kincaid, John; Tarr, G. Alan (eds.), Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change in Federal Countries, A Global Dialogue on Federalism, Volume I, Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press for Forum of Federation and International Association of Centers for Federal Studies, pp. 180–207, 185, ISBN 0-7735-2849-0, ...The president is the constitutional head. (p. 185)
  5. ^ Dam, Shubhankar (2016), "Executive", in Choudhry, Sujit; Khosla, Madhav; Mehta, Pratap Bhanu (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, p. 307, ISBN 978-0-19-870489-8, The President is the head of the Union of India
  6. ^ a b Singh, Nirvikar (2018), "Holding India Together: The Role of Institutions of Federalism", in Mishra, Ajit; Ray, Tridip (eds.), Markets, Governance, and Institutions: In the Process of Economic Development, Oxford University Press, pp. 300–323, 306, ISBN 978-0-19-881255-5
  7. ^ Majeed, Akhtar (2005), "Republic of India", in Kincaid, John; Tarr, G. Alan (eds.), Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change in Federal Countries, A Global Dialogue on Federalism, Volume I, Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press for Forum of Federation and International Association of Centers for Federal Studies, pp. 180–207, 185, ISBN 0-7735-2849-0, ...the executive authority is vested in the prime minister and in their Council of Ministers. (p. 185)
  8. ^ Dam, Shubhankar (2016), "Executive", in Choudhry, Sujit; Khosla, Madhav; Mehta, Pratap Bhanu (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, p. 307, ISBN 978-0-19-870489-8, Executive power, ordinarily, is exercised by Prime Minister.
  9. ^ Pillay, Anashri (2019), "The Constitution of the Republic of India", in Masterman, Roger; Schütze, Robert (eds.), Cambridge Companion to Comparative Constitutional Law, Cambridge University Press, pp. 146–147, doi:10.1017/9781316716731, ISBN 978-1-107-16781-0, LCCN 2019019723, S2CID 219881288, ... Like the British system, there are two houses of parliament – the Lok Sabha, which has 545 members, is the main legislative body. In practice, it is the party with a majority in the Lok Sabha which elects its leader as the Prime Minister.
  10. ^ Dam, Shubhankar (2016), "Executive", in Choudhry, Sujit; Khosla, Madhav; Mehta, Pratap Bhanu (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Constitution, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, p. 307, ISBN 978-0-19-870489-8, Along with his or her cabinet, the Prime Minister is responsible to the Lower House of Parliament.
  11. ^ Majeed, Akhtar (2005), "Republic of India", in Kincaid, John; Tarr, G. Alan (eds.), Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change in Federal Countries, A Global Dialogue on Federalism, Volume I, Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press for Forum of Federation and International Association of Centers for Federal Studies, pp. 180–207, 185, ISBN 0-7735-2849-0, ...Both for the Union and the states, a "cabinet-type" system of parliamentary government has been instituted in which the executive is continuously responsible to the legislature. (p. 185)
  12. ^ Malhotra, Inder (15 January 1995). "Book review: Lal Bahadur Shastri Prime Minister of India 1964-66: A Life of Truth in Politics". India Today. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  13. ^ a b Vijaykumar, Neeti (19 January 2017). "Today in 1966: Indira Gandhi becomes Prime Minister". The Week. Archived from the original on 16 February 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  14. ^ "Before Modi, there was Morarjibhai". Rediff.com. 7 April 2014. Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  15. ^ "JD-U demands Bharat Ratna to former PM Charan Singh". The Economic Times. 21 December 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  16. ^ Denyer, Simon (2 December 2011). "In India, next generation of Gandhi dynasty". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 28 December 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  17. ^ a b Iype, George (3 May 2004). "What the former PMs are doing". Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 25 March 2010. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  18. ^ Ghosh, Deepshikha (16 August 2018). "Atal Bihari Vajpayee: The 3-Time PM Who Captivated India With His Oratory". NDTV. Archived from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  19. ^ "PM Modi, Rahul Gandhi Greet Manmohan Singh On His 86th Birthday". Outlook. 26 September 2018. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  20. ^ Panda, Ankit (16 May 2014). "BJP, Modi Win Landslide Victory in Indian Elections". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
  21. ^ Panda, Anindita Sanyal Updated (21 October 2019). "Election Results: Total BJP Sweep, India Chooses Modi 2.0, Show Leads - 10 Points". NDTV. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
  22. ^ Sanyal, Anindita Updated (5 June 2024). "PM Set For Historic 3rd Term, Calls It "Victory Of Biggest Democracy"". NDTV. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
  23. ^ Bhattacharya, Snigdhendu Updated (5 June 2024). "Decoding India's Elections: How Modi's Grip Loosened". The Diplomat. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
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