Project Kusha: Difference between revisions
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| is_missile = yes |
| is_missile = yes |
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| is_UK = <!-- Service history --> |
| is_UK = <!-- Service history --> |
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| service = 2028 |
| service = 2028 (planned)<ref name=":1" /> |
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| used_by = [[Indian Air Force]] (on order)<br/>[[Indian Navy]] (planned) |
| used_by = [[Indian Air Force]] (on order)<br/>[[Indian Navy]] (planned) |
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| designer = * [[Defence Research and Development Laboratory]] ([[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]]) |
| designer = * [[Defence Research and Development Laboratory]] ([[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]]) |
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'''Project Kusha''' is a programme under the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|Defense Research and Development Organization]] (DRDO) |
'''Project ''Kusha''''', or '''Extended Range Air Defence System (ERADS)''', is a programme under the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|Defense Research and Development Organization]] (DRDO) for the [[Indian Air Force]] and [[Indian Navy]]. ahis wls aso previously referred to as '''XRSAM{{Efn|eXtra Long Range Surface to Air Missile}}''' or '''PGLRSAM'''{{Efn|Precision Guided Long Range Surface to Air Missile}}. The goal is to design a long-range [[surface-to-air missile]] system. The phased induction of the missile system consisting three variants of interceptors into the services is expected between 2028 and 2030.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> |
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It will supplement the Indo-Israeli [[Barak 8]], Russian [[S-400 missile system|S-400]] and Indian [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme|Ballistic Missile Defence System]] in the [[Indian armed forces|Indian Armed Forces]]. |
It will supplement the Indo-Israeli [[Barak 8]], Russian [[S-400 missile system|S-400]] and Indian [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme|Ballistic Missile Defence System]] in the [[Indian armed forces|Indian Armed Forces]]. |
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As of August 2024, DRDO was about to start the fabrication process of 5 M1 missiles (range of 150 km). DRDO has also placed order for 20 sets of airframes, 20 sets of rocket motors, 50 sets of kill vehicles (warhead), onboard & ground [[transceiver]]s for [[telemetry]]. The missiles are expected to begin testing in early 2025.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1685298763634761729 |user=Varun55484761 |title=DRDO is procuring 20 sets of Airframe s ,20 sets of rocket motors , 50 sets of Kill Vehicles, onboard & ground Transceivers for Telemetry and other components for {{as written|i|t's [sic]}} PGLRSAM(ERSAM/XRSAM). |first=Varun |last=Karthikeyan |date=2023-07-29 |access-date=2024-09-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1696016648460009563 |user=Varun55484761 |title=Fabrication of M1 Missile (5nos) of PGLRSAM is soon to start. Airframe sections are about to procure. Kill Vehicle, seeker housing, various adaptors are about to procure. |first=Varun |last=Karthikeyan |date=2023-08-28 |access-date=2024-09-01}}</ref> |
As of August 2024, DRDO was about to start the fabrication process of 5 M1 missiles (range of 150 km). DRDO has also placed order for 20 sets of airframes, 20 sets of rocket motors, 50 sets of kill vehicles (warhead), onboard & ground [[transceiver]]s for [[telemetry]]. The missiles are expected to begin testing in early 2025.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1685298763634761729 |user=Varun55484761 |title=DRDO is procuring 20 sets of Airframe s ,20 sets of rocket motors , 50 sets of Kill Vehicles, onboard & ground Transceivers for Telemetry and other components for {{as written|i|t's [sic]}} PGLRSAM(ERSAM/XRSAM). |first=Varun |last=Karthikeyan |date=2023-07-29 |access-date=2024-09-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1696016648460009563 |user=Varun55484761 |title=Fabrication of M1 Missile (5nos) of PGLRSAM is soon to start. Airframe sections are about to procure. Kill Vehicle, seeker housing, various adaptors are about to procure. |first=Varun |last=Karthikeyan |date=2023-08-28 |access-date=2024-09-01}}</ref> |
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As of May 2025, [[Bharat Electronics]] (BEL), the development partner of DRDO in Project Kusha, was reportedly scheduled to complete the manufacturing of the prototype of the missile system within 12 to 18 months. This would be followed by user trials for a period of 12 to 36 months. BEL will also be one of the integration partner of the missile system when the production starts.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-23 |title=Project Kusha Air Defence System: India developing desi S400-like missile system, prototype likely in a year |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/project-kusha-air-defence-system-india-developing-desi-s400-like-missile-system-prototype-likely-in-a-year/articleshow/121354181.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-05-24 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> |
As of May 2025, [[Bharat Electronics]] (BEL), the development partner of DRDO in Project Kusha, was reportedly scheduled to complete the manufacturing of the prototype of the missile system within 12 to 18 months. This would be followed by user trials for a period of 12 to 36 months. BEL will also be one of the integration partner of the missile system when the production starts.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-05-23 |title=Project Kusha Air Defence System: India developing desi S400-like missile system, prototype likely in a year |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/project-kusha-air-defence-system-india-developing-desi-s400-like-missile-system-prototype-likely-in-a-year/articleshow/121354181.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-05-24 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> The first trials for M1 missile is expected in September 2025 while the same for next two missiles is expected in 2026 and 2027, respectively. The phased induction of all the three missiles is expected between 2028 and 2030.<ref name=":1" /> |
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== Design == |
== Design == |
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The missile system, often compared to Russia's [[S-400 missile system]], includes three variants of interceptor missiles, designated M1, M2 and M3. The missiles will have ranges of 150 km, 250 km and 350 km, respectively. While all the variants will share the same kill vehicle, they will have different boosters to meet different ranges. This system will also feature advanced long-range surveillance and fire control radars.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-06-13 |title=DRDO developing 3 variants of Kusha air defence systems, induction possible by 2030 |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/drdo-developing-3-variants-of-kusha-air-defence-systems-induction-possible-by-2030/article69691525.ece |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref> The air defence system will be capable of detecting and destroying enemy assets like [[cruise missile]]s, stealth fighter jets, and drones at around 250 km range and larger aircraft like [[airborne early warning and control]] (AEW&CS) at a range of 350 km.<ref name=":3" /> The missiles may also possess short or medium range [[Missile defense|BMD]] capabilities. It will have a single-shot kill probability more than 80% and not less than 90% probability in salvo launch mode.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> |
The missile system, often compared to Russia's [[S-400 missile system]], includes three variants of interceptor missiles, designated M1, M2 and M3. The missiles will have ranges of 150 km, 250 km and 350 km, respectively. While all the variants will share the same kill vehicle, they will have different boosters to meet different ranges. This system will also feature advanced long-range surveillance and fire control radars.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-06-13 |title=DRDO developing 3 variants of Kusha air defence systems, induction possible by 2030 |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/drdo-developing-3-variants-of-kusha-air-defence-systems-induction-possible-by-2030/article69691525.ece |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref> The air defence system will be capable of detecting and destroying enemy assets like [[cruise missile]]s, stealth fighter jets, and drones at around 250 km range and larger aircraft like [[airborne early warning and control]] (AEW&CS) at a range of 350 km.<ref name=":3" /> The missiles may also possess short or medium range [[Missile defense|BMD]] capabilities. It will have a single-shot kill probability more than 80% and not less than 90% probability in salvo launch mode.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> |
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The missile batteries will be able to “interact” with the IAF's [[Air Force Network#Integrated Air Command and Control System|integrated air command and control system]] (IACCS). It is a fully-automated air defence network operated by Indian Air Force which will be built to combine numerous military and civilian radars with each other in Indian airspace to make the Air Defence system more efficient and reliable.<ref name=":0" /> |
The missile batteries will be able to “interact” with the IAF's [[Air Force Network#Integrated Air Command and Control System|integrated air command and control system]] (IACCS). It is a fully-automated air defence network operated by Indian Air Force which will be built to combine numerous military and civilian radars with each other in Indian airspace to make the Air Defence system more efficient and reliable.<ref name=":0" /> |
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Revision as of 16:37, 15 June 2025
| Project Kusha | |
|---|---|
| Type | Long-range surface-to-air missile |
| Place of origin | India |
| Service history | |
| In service | 2028 (planned)[1] |
| Used by | Indian Air Force (on order) Indian Navy (planned) |
| Production history | |
| Designer | |
| Designed | 2023 - present |
| Manufacturer | Bharat Electronics |
| Specifications | |
| Warhead | Fragmentation |
Detonation mechanism | Optical proximity fuze |
Operational range | [2][3][4]
|
Guidance system | RF Datalink |
Launch platform | Transporter Erector Launcher |
Project Kusha, or Extended Range Air Defence System (ERADS), is a programme under the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) for the Indian Air Force and Indian Navy. ahis wls aso previously referred to as XRSAM[a] or PGLRSAM[b]. The goal is to design a long-range surface-to-air missile system. The phased induction of the missile system consisting three variants of interceptors into the services is expected between 2028 and 2030.[5][1]
It will supplement the Indo-Israeli Barak 8, Russian S-400 and Indian Ballistic Missile Defence System in the Indian Armed Forces.
Development
The missile system might be used to bridge the gap between the MR-SAM (80 km) and S-400 (400 km). It is being developed as an area-defence system. The Indian Air Force (IAF) will be the lead agency for this air defence system.[6][2]
The project was cleared for development by the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) in May 2022, and was granted Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) by the Ministry of Defence (MoD) in September 2023 for procuring five of its squadrons for the IAF for ₹21,700 crore (US$2.6 billion).[2]
The naval version of the missile might be also developed to supplement the LR-SAM missile in the Indian Navy.[4][7]
As of August 2024, DRDO was about to start the fabrication process of 5 M1 missiles (range of 150 km). DRDO has also placed order for 20 sets of airframes, 20 sets of rocket motors, 50 sets of kill vehicles (warhead), onboard & ground transceivers for telemetry. The missiles are expected to begin testing in early 2025.[8][9]
As of May 2025, Bharat Electronics (BEL), the development partner of DRDO in Project Kusha, was reportedly scheduled to complete the manufacturing of the prototype of the missile system within 12 to 18 months. This would be followed by user trials for a period of 12 to 36 months. BEL will also be one of the integration partner of the missile system when the production starts.[10] The first trials for M1 missile is expected in September 2025 while the same for next two missiles is expected in 2026 and 2027, respectively. The phased induction of all the three missiles is expected between 2028 and 2030.[1]
Design
The missile system, often compared to Russia's S-400 missile system, includes three variants of interceptor missiles, designated M1, M2 and M3. The missiles will have ranges of 150 km, 250 km and 350 km, respectively. While all the variants will share the same kill vehicle, they will have different boosters to meet different ranges. This system will also feature advanced long-range surveillance and fire control radars.[2][1] The air defence system will be capable of detecting and destroying enemy assets like cruise missiles, stealth fighter jets, and drones at around 250 km range and larger aircraft like airborne early warning and control (AEW&CS) at a range of 350 km.[6] The missiles may also possess short or medium range BMD capabilities. It will have a single-shot kill probability more than 80% and not less than 90% probability in salvo launch mode.[5][2]
The missile batteries will be able to “interact” with the IAF's integrated air command and control system (IACCS). It is a fully-automated air defence network operated by Indian Air Force which will be built to combine numerous military and civilian radars with each other in Indian airspace to make the Air Defence system more efficient and reliable.[5]
According to a report, the naval variant exceeding 250 km-range missile will be capable of intercepting anti-ship ballistic missile (ASBM) with a speed of Mach 7.[11]
Operators
Indian Air Force — 5 Squadrons (on order).[5]
Indian Navy — Planned
See also
Similar systems
- S-400 missile system – (Soviet Union, Russia)
- S-500 missile system – (Russia)
- HQ-9 – (China)
- Iron Dome – (Israel)
- MIM-104 Patriot – (United States)
- Terminal High Altitude Area Defence – (United States) (THAAD)
Related lists
Notes
References
- ^ a b c d "DRDO developing 3 variants of Kusha air defence systems, induction possible by 2030". BusinessLine. 13 June 2025. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
- ^ a b c d e Deshpande, Smruti (31 October 2023). "'Desi' S-400: All about Project Kusha, India's very own long-range air defence system". ThePrint. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ "ERADS, Desi S-400 : IAF Not To Opt For Additional S-400, Instead Will Go For DRDO's Extended Range Air Defence System". India's growing Military power. 2 December 2022.
- ^ a b Reddy, U Sudhakar (28 December 2019). "DRDO reveals 350km XRSAM missile details". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
- ^ a b c d "India aims to deploy indigenous long-range air defence system by 2028-2029". The Times of India. 31 October 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ a b "India sets sight on Made in India S-400-like air defence system". India Today. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ "DRDO readies India's next generation XRSAM-long range air defence missile system" (PDF). Defence Research and Development Organization. 27 December 2019.
- ^ Karthikeyan, Varun [@Varun55484761] (29 July 2023). "DRDO is procuring 20 sets of Airframe s ,20 sets of rocket motors , 50 sets of Kill Vehicles, onboard & ground Transceivers for Telemetry and other components for it's [sic] PGLRSAM(ERSAM/XRSAM)" (Tweet). Retrieved 1 September 2024 – via Twitter.
- ^ Karthikeyan, Varun [@Varun55484761] (28 August 2023). "Fabrication of M1 Missile (5nos) of PGLRSAM is soon to start. Airframe sections are about to procure. Kill Vehicle, seeker housing, various adaptors are about to procure" (Tweet). Retrieved 1 September 2024 – via Twitter.
- ^ "Project Kusha Air Defence System: India developing desi S400-like missile system, prototype likely in a year". The Economic Times. 23 May 2025. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 24 May 2025.
- ^ "India's New Naval Missile: Intercepting Mach 7 Anti-Ship Ballistic Missiles". Bharat Shakti. 20 August 2024. Retrieved 21 August 2024.