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'''Minnesota House File 146 (HF 146)''' is a 2023 law in the state of [[Minnesota]] that protects access to gender-affirming care for minors. It was signed by Governor [[Tim Walz]] on April 27, 2023 and became [[Entry into force|effective]] immediately. HF 146 is commonly referred to as a "shield"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cummings |first=Caroline |date=2023-03-23 |title=Minnesota House set to debate and pass "trans refuge" legislation |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/minnesota-house-set-to-debate-and-pass-trans-refuge-legislation/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=CBS News}}</ref> or "sanctuary"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Migdon |first=Brooke |date=2023-04-27 |title=Minnesota governor signs bills protecting reproductive, gender-affirming care, banning conversion therapy |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/3975501-minnesota-governor-signs-bills-protecting-reproductive-gender-affirming-care-banning-conversion-therapy/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=The Hill}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Baumann |first=Lisa |last2=Karnowski |first2=Steve |date=2023-04-27 |title=Washington, Minnesota become transgender and abortion sanctuaries |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/washington-minnesota-become-transgender-and-abortion-sanctuaries |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=PBS News}}</ref> law due to its protections from out-of-state law enforcement, thereby making Minnesota a trans refuge state.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Phillips |first=Aleks |date=2023-03-24 |title=What Minnesota's Status as 'Trans Refuge State' Really Means |url=https://www.newsweek.com/minnesota-transgender-refuge-state-hf-146-1790117 |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Newsweek}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cummings |first=Caroline |date=2023-03-24 |title=Minnesota House passes "trans refuge" legislation after late-night debate |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/minnesota-house-passes-trans-refuge-legislation-after-late-night-debate/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-27 |title="It's a good day for freedoms": Walz signs bills on reproductive freedom and trans refuge, ban on conversion therapy |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/its-a-good-day-for-freedoms-walz-signs-bills-on-reproductive-freedom-and-trans-refuge-ban-on-conversion-therapy/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nirappil |first=Fenit |date=2024-08-07 |title=Tim Walz made Minnesota a 'trans refuge', championing gender affirming care |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/08/07/tim-walz-minnesota-trans-refuge-bill/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=The Washington Post}}</ref>
'''Minnesota House File 146 (HF 146)''' is a 2023 law in the state of [[Minnesota]] that protects access to gender-affirming care for minors. It was signed by Governor [[Tim Walz]] on April 27, 2023 and became [[Entry into force|effective]] immediately. HF 146 is commonly referred to as a "shield"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cummings |first=Caroline |date=2023-03-23 |title=Minnesota House set to debate and pass "trans refuge" legislation |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/minnesota-house-set-to-debate-and-pass-trans-refuge-legislation/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=CBS News}}</ref> or "sanctuary"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Migdon |first=Brooke |date=2023-04-27 |title=Minnesota governor signs bills protecting reproductive, gender-affirming care, banning conversion therapy |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/3975501-minnesota-governor-signs-bills-protecting-reproductive-gender-affirming-care-banning-conversion-therapy/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=The Hill}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Baumann |first1=Lisa |last2=Karnowski |first2=Steve |date=2023-04-27 |title=Washington, Minnesota become transgender and abortion sanctuaries |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/washington-minnesota-become-transgender-and-abortion-sanctuaries |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=PBS News}}</ref> law due to its protections from out-of-state law enforcement, thereby making Minnesota a trans refuge state.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Phillips |first=Aleks |date=2023-03-24 |title=What Minnesota's Status as 'Trans Refuge State' Really Means |url=https://www.newsweek.com/minnesota-transgender-refuge-state-hf-146-1790117 |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Newsweek}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cummings |first=Caroline |date=2023-03-24 |title=Minnesota House passes "trans refuge" legislation after late-night debate |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/minnesota-house-passes-trans-refuge-legislation-after-late-night-debate/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-27 |title="It's a good day for freedoms": Walz signs bills on reproductive freedom and trans refuge, ban on conversion therapy |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/its-a-good-day-for-freedoms-walz-signs-bills-on-reproductive-freedom-and-trans-refuge-ban-on-conversion-therapy/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nirappil |first=Fenit |date=2024-08-07 |title=Tim Walz made Minnesota a 'trans refuge', championing gender affirming care |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/08/07/tim-walz-minnesota-trans-refuge-bill/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>


HF 146 was introduced by [[Leigh Finke]], Minnesota's first [[transgender]] lawmaker.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reeve |first=Richard |date=2023-03-23 |title=House passes bill that makes Minnesota a 'trans refuge state' |url=https://kstp.com/kstp-news/top-news/house-poised-to-pass-bill-that-would-make-minnesota-a-trans-refuge-state/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=kstp.com}}</ref> The bill passed in the [[Minnesota House of Representatives]] by a vote of 68-62 and the [[Minnesota Senate]] by a vote of 34-30.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-23 |title=House Journal 40th Day Thursday March 23 2023 |url=https://www.house.mn.gov/cco/journals/2023-24/J0323040.htm#2171 |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Minnesota House of Representatives}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-21 |title=j54april21 - 20230421054.pdf |url=https://www.senate.mn/journals/2023-2024/20230421054.pdf#page=16 |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Minnesota Senate |format=PDF}}</ref> The law followed an [[executive order]] signed by Walz that protected gender-affirming medical care and prohibited the enforcement of out-of-state laws regarding said care, similarly to HF 146.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |date=2023-03-28 |title=Minnesota Hopes to Become Refuge for Trans Minors Seeking Health Care |url=https://www.advocate.com/politics/gender-affirming-care-refuge-minnesota |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Advocate}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Yoo |first=Sharon |date=2023-03-24 |title=Gender-affirming healthcare and what it means for patients |url=https://www.kare11.com/article/news/what-gender-affirming-healthcare-entails-and-how-providers-are-bracing-for-an-influx-of-patients/89-fd1999d1-8287-484d-9984-6acd9e14d83c |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=KARE 11}}</ref>
HF 146 was introduced by [[Leigh Finke]], Minnesota's first [[transgender]] lawmaker.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reeve |first=Richard |date=2023-03-23 |title=House passes bill that makes Minnesota a 'trans refuge state' |url=https://kstp.com/kstp-news/top-news/house-poised-to-pass-bill-that-would-make-minnesota-a-trans-refuge-state/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=kstp.com}}</ref> The bill passed in the [[Minnesota House of Representatives]] by a vote of 68-62 and the [[Minnesota Senate]] by a vote of 34-30.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-23 |title=House Journal 40th Day Thursday March 23 2023 |url=https://www.house.mn.gov/cco/journals/2023-24/J0323040.htm#2171 |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Minnesota House of Representatives}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-21 |title=j54april21 - 20230421054.pdf |url=https://www.senate.mn/journals/2023-2024/20230421054.pdf#page=16 |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Minnesota Senate |format=PDF}}</ref> The law followed an [[executive order]] signed by Walz that protected gender-affirming medical care and prohibited the enforcement of out-of-state laws regarding said care, similarly to HF 146.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ring |first=Trudy |date=2023-03-28 |title=Minnesota Hopes to Become Refuge for Trans Minors Seeking Health Care |url=https://www.advocate.com/politics/gender-affirming-care-refuge-minnesota |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Advocate}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Yoo |first=Sharon |date=2023-03-24 |title=Gender-affirming healthcare and what it means for patients |url=https://www.kare11.com/article/news/what-gender-affirming-healthcare-entails-and-how-providers-are-bracing-for-an-influx-of-patients/89-fd1999d1-8287-484d-9984-6acd9e14d83c |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=KARE 11}}</ref>


== Provisions ==
== Provisions ==
House File 146 prohibits the enforcement of out-of-state laws regarding [[transgender health care|gender-affirming medical care]] in the state of Minnesota.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=2023-03-24 |title=House passes bill to establish Minnesota as a 'trans refuge' state |url=https://www.house.mn.gov/sessiondaily/Story/17865 |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Minnesota Legislature Session Daily}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ferguson |first=Dana |date=2023-03-24 |title='You belong here': Minnesota House passes trans health refuge bill |url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2023/03/24/you-belong-here-minnesota-house-passes-trans-health-refuge-bill |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=MPR News}}</ref> The state can also take [[jurisdiction]] of [[child custody]] cases if one of the parents wants the child to receive gender-affirming medical care in Minnesota.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kertscher |first=Tom |date=2024-08-09 |title=Tim Walz: Does law let parent's child be taken over sex changes? |url=https://wisconsinwatch.org/2024/08/minnesota-walz-gender-affirming-care-sex-changes-parent-child/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Wisconsin Watch}}</ref> It also provides general protections for providers and recipients of gender-affirming care in the state besides prohibiting enforcement of negative laws.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ferguson |first=Dana |last2=Maucione |first2=Scott |last3=Birkeland |first3=Bente |last4=Pluta |first4=Rick |last5=Jackson |first5=Colin |last6=Squires |first6=Acacia |date=2023-04-21 |title=These state are protecting health care for transgender people |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/04/21/1171069066/states-protect-transgender-affirming-care-minnesota-colorado-maryland-illinois |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=NPR}}</ref>
House File 146 prohibits the enforcement of out-of-state laws regarding [[transgender health care|gender-affirming medical care]] in the state of Minnesota.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=2023-03-24 |title=House passes bill to establish Minnesota as a 'trans refuge' state |url=https://www.house.mn.gov/sessiondaily/Story/17865 |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Minnesota Legislature Session Daily}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ferguson |first=Dana |date=2023-03-24 |title='You belong here': Minnesota House passes trans health refuge bill |url=https://www.mprnews.org/story/2023/03/24/you-belong-here-minnesota-house-passes-trans-health-refuge-bill |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=MPR News}}</ref> The state can also take [[jurisdiction]] of [[child custody]] cases if one of the parents wants the child to receive gender-affirming medical care in Minnesota.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kertscher |first=Tom |date=2024-08-09 |title=Tim Walz: Does law let parent's child be taken over sex changes? |url=https://wisconsinwatch.org/2024/08/minnesota-walz-gender-affirming-care-sex-changes-parent-child/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Wisconsin Watch}}</ref> It also provides general protections for providers and recipients of gender-affirming care in the state besides prohibiting enforcement of negative laws.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Ferguson |first1=Dana |last2=Maucione |first2=Scott |last3=Birkeland |first3=Bente |last4=Pluta |first4=Rick |last5=Jackson |first5=Colin |last6=Squires |first6=Acacia |date=2023-04-21 |title=These state are protecting health care for transgender people |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/04/21/1171069066/states-protect-transgender-affirming-care-minnesota-colorado-maryland-illinois |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=NPR}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==

Revision as of 06:33, 28 June 2025

Minnesota House File 146
Minnesota Legislature
  • A bill for an act relating to children; preventing the use of subpoenas to gather information for out-of-state laws interfering in the use of gender-affirming health care; amending child custody and child welfare provisions related to out-of-state laws interfering in the use of gender-affirming health care; amending provisions related to warrants, arrests, and extraditions related to out-of-state laws on gender-affirming health care; amending Minnesota Statutes 2022, sections 518D.201; 518D.204; 518D.207; 629.02; 629.05; 629.06; 629.13; 629.14; proposing coding for new law in Minnesota Statutes, chapters 260; 543.
Citation[1]
Territorial extent Minnesota
Enacted byMinnesota House of Representatives
EnactedMarch 23, 2023
Enacted byMinnesota Senate
EnactedApril 21, 2023
Signed byTim Walz
SignedApril 27, 2023
EffectiveApril 27, 2023
Legislative history
First chamber: Minnesota House of Representatives
Bill titleHouse File 146
Introduced byLeigh Finke
IntroducedJanuary 9, 2023
First readingJanuary 9, 2023
Second readingFebruary 27, 2023
Third readingMarch 23, 2023
Voting summary
  • 68 voted for
  • 62 voted against
Second chamber: Minnesota Senate
Received from the Minnesota House of RepresentativesMarch 27, 2023
Member(s) in chargeErin Maye Quade[1]
First readingMarch 27, 2023
Second readingApril 12, 2023
Third readingApril 21, 2023
Voting summary
  • 34 voted for
  • 30 voted against
  • 6 absent
Summary
Prohibits the enforcement of out-of-state laws regarding gender-affirming medical care in Minnesota and adds other protections to access of gender-affirming care.
Status: In force

Minnesota House File 146 (HF 146) is a 2023 law in the state of Minnesota that protects access to gender-affirming care for minors. It was signed by Governor Tim Walz on April 27, 2023 and became effective immediately. HF 146 is commonly referred to as a "shield"[2] or "sanctuary"[3][4] law due to its protections from out-of-state law enforcement, thereby making Minnesota a trans refuge state.[5][6][7][8]

HF 146 was introduced by Leigh Finke, Minnesota's first transgender lawmaker.[9] The bill passed in the Minnesota House of Representatives by a vote of 68-62 and the Minnesota Senate by a vote of 34-30.[10][11] The law followed an executive order signed by Walz that protected gender-affirming medical care and prohibited the enforcement of out-of-state laws regarding said care, similarly to HF 146.[12][13]

Provisions

House File 146 prohibits the enforcement of out-of-state laws regarding gender-affirming medical care in the state of Minnesota.[14][15] The state can also take jurisdiction of child custody cases if one of the parents wants the child to receive gender-affirming medical care in Minnesota.[16] It also provides general protections for providers and recipients of gender-affirming care in the state besides prohibiting enforcement of negative laws.[17]

See also

References

  1. ^ "HF 146 Status in the House for the 93rd Legislature (2023 - 2024)". Minnesota Legislature. Office of the Revisor of Statutes. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  2. ^ Cummings, Caroline (2023-03-23). "Minnesota House set to debate and pass "trans refuge" legislation". CBS News. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  3. ^ Migdon, Brooke (2023-04-27). "Minnesota governor signs bills protecting reproductive, gender-affirming care, banning conversion therapy". The Hill. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  4. ^ Baumann, Lisa; Karnowski, Steve (2023-04-27). "Washington, Minnesota become transgender and abortion sanctuaries". PBS News. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  5. ^ Phillips, Aleks (2023-03-24). "What Minnesota's Status as 'Trans Refuge State' Really Means". Newsweek. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  6. ^ Cummings, Caroline (2023-03-24). "Minnesota House passes "trans refuge" legislation after late-night debate". CBS News. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  7. ^ ""It's a good day for freedoms": Walz signs bills on reproductive freedom and trans refuge, ban on conversion therapy". CBS News. 2023-04-27. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  8. ^ Nirappil, Fenit (2024-08-07). "Tim Walz made Minnesota a 'trans refuge', championing gender affirming care". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  9. ^ Reeve, Richard (2023-03-23). "House passes bill that makes Minnesota a 'trans refuge state'". kstp.com. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  10. ^ "House Journal 40th Day Thursday March 23 2023". Minnesota House of Representatives. 2023-03-23. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  11. ^ "j54april21 - 20230421054.pdf" (PDF). Minnesota Senate. 2025-04-21. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  12. ^ Ring, Trudy (2023-03-28). "Minnesota Hopes to Become Refuge for Trans Minors Seeking Health Care". Advocate. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  13. ^ Yoo, Sharon (2023-03-24). "Gender-affirming healthcare and what it means for patients". KARE 11. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  14. ^ Walker, Tim (2023-03-24). "House passes bill to establish Minnesota as a 'trans refuge' state". Minnesota Legislature Session Daily. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  15. ^ Ferguson, Dana (2023-03-24). "'You belong here': Minnesota House passes trans health refuge bill". MPR News. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  16. ^ Kertscher, Tom (2024-08-09). "Tim Walz: Does law let parent's child be taken over sex changes?". Wisconsin Watch. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
  17. ^ Ferguson, Dana; Maucione, Scott; Birkeland, Bente; Pluta, Rick; Jackson, Colin; Squires, Acacia (2023-04-21). "These state are protecting health care for transgender people". NPR. Retrieved 2025-06-27.
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