Draft:Skupniów Upłaz: Difference between revisions
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{{AFC submission|d|npov|u=Oliwiasocz|ns=118|decliner=Qcne|declinets=20250628171139|ts=20250619205019}} <!-- Do not remove this line! --> |
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{{AFC comment|1=Please remove all the promotional language like "rich" and "exemplifies" etc <span style="background-color: RoyalBlue; border-radius: 1em; padding: 3px 3px 3px 3px;">'''[[User:Qcne|<span style="color: GhostWhite">qcne</span>]]''' <small>[[User talk:Qcne|<span style="color: GhostWhite">(talk)</span>]]</small></span> 17:11, 28 June 2025 (UTC)}} |
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{{Short description|Ridge and slopes between Jaworzynka and Olczyska valleys in the Western Tatras}} |
{{Short description|Ridge and slopes between Jaworzynka and Olczyska valleys in the Western Tatras}} |
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[[File:Skupniów Upłaz widok na Zakopane i Nosal.jpg|alt=Skupniów Upłaz with Nosal and Zakopane in the background|thumb|240px|Skupniów Upłaz with Nosal and Zakopane in the background]] |
[[File:Skupniów Upłaz widok na Zakopane i Nosal.jpg|alt=Skupniów Upłaz with Nosal and Zakopane in the background|thumb|240px|Skupniów Upłaz with Nosal and Zakopane in the background]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:11, 28 June 2025
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Comment: Please remove all the promotional language like "rich" and "exemplifies" etc qcne (talk) 17:11, 28 June 2025 (UTC)
Skupniów Upłaz, or Skupniowy Upłaz, refers to the slopes and ridge between Jaworzynka Valley and Olczyska Valley in the Western Tatras, above Skupniów Przechód.[1]
Skupniów Upłaz rises to an elevation of between 1,300 and 1,470 m above sea level. It is separated from Wielka Kopa Królowa by the Diabełek pass (around 1,470 m) and Roja Couloir. To the north, it descends to Skupniów Przechód (around 1,275 m) and the eastern ridge of Wysokie. From Diabełek pass, Długi Couloir extends into Jaworzynka Valley, forming its orographically right branch.[2] The slope facing Olczyska Valley is smooth, moderately steep, and free of rock outcrops, with a rocky-grassy upper section and grassy lower section. The slope facing Jaworzynka Valley is significantly steeper, featuring numerous small rocks and peaks, some with names such as Parzące Turnie, Gruba Turnia, Krzemionka, Mnich, and others.[2]
Naming
[edit]Historically, the name Skupniów Upłaz referred only to the slopes descending into Olczyska Valley between Boczań and Przełęcz między Kopami. Today, it encompasses the entire ridge along these slopes. The name derives from the local surname Skupień, with upłaz meaning a gentle, grassy mountain ridge in the local dialect.[1] Intensive historical pastoralism and mining led to the naming of various slope sections significant to shepherds and miners, though these names are now obsolete and unused.[2]
Description
[edit]Composed of limestone and dolomite, Skupniów Upłaz supports a rich flora of calcicole Tatra plants on its unforested grassy areas and limestone rocks. Species include mountain avens, Pedicularis oederi, Tofieldia calyculata, alpine gypsophila, Androsace chamaejasme, Oxytropis carpatica, Alpine clematis, Anthyllis alpestris, Carduus defloratus, fringed sandwort, buckler-mustard, Sesleria tatrae, Saxifraga caesia, alpine saxifrage, yellow mountain saxifrage, purple saxifrage, drooping saxifrage, Bellidiastrum michelii, alpine butterwort, edelweiss, and round-headed rampion.[3] Rare species in Poland, such as Omalotheca hoppeana and Chamorchis alpina, occur here, found only in a few Tatra locations.[4] The hiking trail along the eastern side, just below the Triassic dolomite ridge, offers scenic views of Olczyska Valley, nearby Wielki Kopieniec, and Giewont.[5]
History
[edit]Historically, Skupniów Upłaz was used for grazing. Its eastern slopes were part of Hala Skupniowa (later Hala Olczysko), while the western slopes belonged to Hala Jaworzynka.[1] Excessive grazing caused severe erosion on the Jaworzynka side, nearly destroying the soil, which was washed away by heavy rains. In 1933, Antoni Wrzosek described these slopes as "forming a bleak landscape of a karst gravel desert".[5] This area exemplifies significant human-induced damage in the Tatras, with forests and dwarf mountain pine cleared for pastoral and mining needs, particularly for the smelter in Kuźnice. Regeneration, including larch plantings, began in the interwar period and has since restored much of the vegetation. However, heavy tourist traffic has led to erosion on the Olczyska side. The trail through Boczań and Skupniów Upłaz to Gąsienicowa Valley is one of the most crowded in the Tatras. It follows a former mining route used to transport iron ore to Kuźnice and timber uphill for adit supports. In 1860, Jadwiga Łuszczewska described miners removing rear cart wheels and using knotted branches as brakes against boulders.[5]
Hiking trails
[edit]- Blue trail: Kuźnice – Boczań – Skupniów Upłaz – Przełęcz między Kopami – Królowa Rówień – Hala Gąsienicowa:[6]
- Time from Kuźnice to Przełęcz między Kopami: 1 h 40 min, ↓ 1 h 10 min
- Time from Kuźnice to Murowaniec mountain hut: 2 h, ↓ 1 h 35 min.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Radwańska-Paryska, Zofia; Paryski, Witold Henryk (2004). Wielka encyklopedia tatrzańska [Great Tatra Encyclopedia] (in Polish). Poronin: Wydawnictwo Górskie. ISBN 83-7104-009-1.
- ^ a b c Cywiński, Władysław (2008). Tatry. Kasprowy Wierch [Tatras. Kasprowy Wierch] (in Polish). Vol. 13. Poronin: Wydawnictwo Górskie. ISBN 978-83-7104-011-5.
- ^ Szafer, Władysław (1962). Tatrzański Park Narodowy [Tatra National Park] (in Polish). Zakład Ochrony Przyrody PAN.
- ^ Mirek, Zbigniew; Piękoś-Mirek, Halina (2008). Czerwona księga Karpat Polskich [Red Book of the Polish Carpathians] (in Polish). Warsaw: Instytut Botaniki PAN. ISBN 978-83-89648-71-6.
- ^ a b c Nyka, Józef (2003). Tatry polskie. Przewodnik [Polish Tatras. Guidebook] (in Polish) (13th ed.). Latchorzew: Trawers. ISBN 83-915859-1-3.
- ^ Tatry. Zakopane i okolice. Mapa w skali 1:27 000 [Tatras. Zakopane and Surroundings. Map at Scale 1:27,000] (in Polish). Warsaw: ExpressMap Polska. 2005. ISBN 83-88112-35-X.