Jizi: Difference between revisions
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As time passes, the legend of Jizi became more and more detailed, which indicates much of the story is fictional. |
As time passes, the legend of Jizi became more and more detailed, which indicates much of the story is fictional. |
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Pre-Han-Dynasty documents simply say that he was a virtuous man of the [[Shang Dynasty|Shang]] royal family who served as Grand |
Pre-Han-Dynasty documents simply say that he was a virtuous man of the [[Shang Dynasty|Shang]] royal family who served as Grand Tutor (太師) of Zhou, last king of Shang. As [[Confucius]] said, he was highly admired as an ideal ruler in ancient China. |
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Chinese document during the Han Dynasty or later add another story. He is said to have fled to Chaoxian ( |
Chinese document during the Han Dynasty or later add another story. He is said to have fled to Chaoxian ([[Joseon]] in Korean) when Shang was overthrown by [[Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC - 256 BC)|Zhou]]. He established the dukedom of Chaoxian granted by King Wu of Zhou. He taught advanced Chinese civilization to the natives. ''[[Records of the Grand Historian]]'' by [[Sima Qian]] put this story at the section of the Song ruling family and does not mention it at section of Chaoxian. The dukedom is called Jizi Chaoxian ([[Gija Joseon]]) today. |
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''[[Weilue]]'', which was complied during the [[Kingdom of Wei]] (220-265) or later, inserts a story about Jizi's descendants. According to it, Jizi's descendants maintained the dukedom and referred themselves as king after the Zhou Dynasty declined. Zhun (準), last king, was expeled in 192 B.C. by [[Wei Man]], who was a Yan Chinese and had fled to Chaoxian. Zhun fled to the south and proclaimed himself the King of Han (韓). This story seems to have spread to China because of Chinese direct rule of the Korean peninsula. Some trust it and others think it is a fiction. |
''[[Weilue]]'', which was complied during the [[Kingdom of Wei]] (220-265) or later, inserts a story about Jizi's descendants. According to it, Jizi's descendants maintained the dukedom and referred themselves as king after the Zhou Dynasty declined. Zhun (準), last king, was expeled in 192 B.C. by [[Wei Man]], who was a Yan Chinese and had fled to Chaoxian. Zhun fled to the south and proclaimed himself the King of Han (韓). This story seems to have spread to China because of Chinese direct rule of the Korean peninsula. Some trust it and others think it is a fiction. |
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==Korea views of Jizi/Gija== |
==Korea views of Jizi/Gija== |
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These Chinese stories spread in Korea at the early stage of history. Commanderies and kingdoms controlling northern Korea were regarded as successors of Jizi by the Chinese and Koreans. The Han clan (韓) claimed themselves as descendants of Jizi. |
These Chinese stories spread in Korea at the early stage of history. [[Commanderies]] and kingdoms controlling northern Korea were regarded as successors of Jizi by the Chinese and Koreans. The Han clan (韓) claimed themselves as descendants of Jizi. ''Weilue'' seems to have adopted their claim. |
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The Koreans, especially |
The Koreans, especially [[Confucian]]s, considered the legend as a historical fact and felt proud of being successors of the sage. [[King Sukjong of Goryeo]] identified a mound near [[P'yongyang]] as Jizi's tomb. He built a [[mausoleum]] to enshrine him in 1102. The mausoleum was rebuilt in 1324 and repaired in 1355. The name of the [[Joseon Dynasty]], given by [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]], was derived from Jizi's dukedom. In 1429 [[King Sejong]] put up a monument to honor Jizi. Some clans made up stories that their ultimate ancestor was Jizi. |
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Since the 19th century, different views of Jizi have prevailed in Korea. Some |
Since the 19th century, different views of Jizi have prevailed in Korea. Some |
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Korean historians have tried to deny Jizi's dukedom or simply ignored him. Some even tried to prove that Jizi was a Korean, or that Jizi Chaoxian was ruled by the Korean Han clan. The national-history textbook of high school education moved Jizi's description from text body to note. |
Korean historians have tried to deny Jizi's dukedom or simply ignored him. Some even tried to prove that Jizi was a Korean, or that Jizi Chaoxian was ruled by the Korean Han clan. The national-history [[textbook]] of high school education moved Jizi's description from text body to note. |
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Revision as of 02:54, 16 October 2003
Jizi (箕子 ji1 zi3; Gija (기자) in Korean) or Viscount of Ji was a semi-legendary Chinese sage who is said to have ruled Korea in the 12th century BC. His family name was Zi (子) and given name was Xuyu (胥餘 xu1 yu2 or 須臾 xu1 yu2). Since the title of Viscount of Ji was bestowed on him, he is usually called Jizi.
Legend and analysis
As time passes, the legend of Jizi became more and more detailed, which indicates much of the story is fictional.
Pre-Han-Dynasty documents simply say that he was a virtuous man of the Shang royal family who served as Grand Tutor (太師) of Zhou, last king of Shang. As Confucius said, he was highly admired as an ideal ruler in ancient China.
Chinese document during the Han Dynasty or later add another story. He is said to have fled to Chaoxian (Joseon in Korean) when Shang was overthrown by Zhou. He established the dukedom of Chaoxian granted by King Wu of Zhou. He taught advanced Chinese civilization to the natives. Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian put this story at the section of the Song ruling family and does not mention it at section of Chaoxian. The dukedom is called Jizi Chaoxian (Gija Joseon) today.
Weilue, which was complied during the Kingdom of Wei (220-265) or later, inserts a story about Jizi's descendants. According to it, Jizi's descendants maintained the dukedom and referred themselves as king after the Zhou Dynasty declined. Zhun (準), last king, was expeled in 192 B.C. by Wei Man, who was a Yan Chinese and had fled to Chaoxian. Zhun fled to the south and proclaimed himself the King of Han (韓). This story seems to have spread to China because of Chinese direct rule of the Korean peninsula. Some trust it and others think it is a fiction.
Archaeological evidences suggest that a small city state in Liaoning was ruled by Jihou or Lord Ji under the Yan Kingdom. Jihou may be the model of Jizi.
Korea views of Jizi/Gija
These Chinese stories spread in Korea at the early stage of history. Commanderies and kingdoms controlling northern Korea were regarded as successors of Jizi by the Chinese and Koreans. The Han clan (韓) claimed themselves as descendants of Jizi. Weilue seems to have adopted their claim.
The Koreans, especially Confucians, considered the legend as a historical fact and felt proud of being successors of the sage. King Sukjong of Goryeo identified a mound near P'yongyang as Jizi's tomb. He built a mausoleum to enshrine him in 1102. The mausoleum was rebuilt in 1324 and repaired in 1355. The name of the Joseon Dynasty, given by Ming, was derived from Jizi's dukedom. In 1429 King Sejong put up a monument to honor Jizi. Some clans made up stories that their ultimate ancestor was Jizi.
Since the 19th century, different views of Jizi have prevailed in Korea. Some Korean historians have tried to deny Jizi's dukedom or simply ignored him. Some even tried to prove that Jizi was a Korean, or that Jizi Chaoxian was ruled by the Korean Han clan. The national-history textbook of high school education moved Jizi's description from text body to note.