Cadillac Fleetwood: Difference between revisions

Cadillac Fleetwood
Overview
Manufacturer	General Motors
Production	1947–1996, 1999
Body and chassis
Class	Full-size luxury car

The Fleetwood Metal Body Company began business in Fleetwood, Pennsylvania on April 1, 1909 and continued as an independent automobile body builder until acquired in 1925 by the Fisher Body Company, a division of General Motors. The company continued in Fleetwood until 1931 at which time General Motors moved the entire operation to Detroit.

Long before acquisition by Fisher Body Company, the Fleetwood Metal Body Company had established its reputation as a builder of fine wood and aluminum auto bodies. Its built-to-order product was sought after by many notable people in the U.S. and abroad, some of whom were royalty from India and Japan, presidents of Poland and the United States, and well-known American movie idols. One specimen, built for silent screen star Rudolph Valentino, was recently on sale for $1,600,000.00.

"Unique" was the magic word that attracted the wealthy. One could purchase a chassis with wheels and motor from the best builders abroad, Isotta Fraschini, Bentley, Mercedes, Rolls-Royce or Fiat. American makers were Duesenberg, Packard, Cadillac, Pierce-Arrow or Stutz. There were also Reading makers of the S.G.V., the Chadwick and Daniels. The purchased chassis with engine and wheels was shipped to Fleetwood while the purchaser met with one of the company’s designers, usually in New York, to put onto a drawing the customer’s ideas of what the finished design should be. Once accepted, the plans were sent to Fleetwood where the body would be created, mounted on the chassis and finished in the colors, upholstery, and appointments chosen by the new owner. The car was “unique” to the likes of the proud possessor.

Eventually, under Fisher’s directives, the company also made production models with the celebrated Fleetwood name. General Motors most notable Cadillac model was the “Fleetwood” until it was recently discontinued.

The Fleetwood name was used on the top of the Cadillac line since 1927. In 1946, Cadillac created a special version of the Series 60 called the "Series 60 Special Fleetwood". The Fleetwood name was then used to designate the top of the line trim of the Series 70 and Sixty Special models through 1976.

In 1972, Cadillac refocused the Fleetwood name. The Fleetwood Limousine carried on from the Fleetwood Seventy-Five, while the Fleetwood Brougham took over where the Sixty Special was positioned.

1946-1964

Two Fleetwood models:

• 1946-1964 Sixty Special Fleetwood — based on Series 62
• 1946-1964 Series 75 Fleetwood — unique long wheelbase model

1965

For 1965, the Eldorado and Sixty Special officially became part of the Fleetwood line along with the Seventy-Five. A new Fleetwood Brougham line was also added as an upscale Sixty Special.

1971-1976

Generation x Fleetwood Brougham
Overview
Production	1971–1976
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door coupe 4-door sedan
Layout	FR layout
Platform	D-body
Powertrain
Engine	472 in³ Lxx V8 500 in³ Lxx Gas V8
Dimensions
Wheelbase	130 in (3302 mm)
Chronology
Predecessor	Cadillac Sixty Special

Generation x Fleetwood 75
Overview
Production	1971–1976
Body and chassis
Body style	4-door limousine
Layout	FR layout
Platform	D-body
Powertrain
Engine	472 in³ Lxx V8 500 in³ Lxx Gas V8
Dimensions
Wheelbase	1xx in
Chronology
Predecessor	Cadillac Fleetwood 75

The beginning of the end of the largest of all GM production cars was realized with the introduction of the 1971 B/C/D body cars. Cadillac remained exclusive to the D body for the Deville and Fleetwood with a wheelbase stretching to a lengthy 130 inches (3,300 mm). Engines grew to cubic inches not seen since the end of these massive cars, displacing 472 (7.7L) and finally 500 (8.2L) cubic inches. Unfortunately hp and torque levels plummeted with ever increasing EPA restrictions on tailpipe emissions and grams per mile emissions requirements, forcing gear ratios to taller and taller ratios, dropping to as low as 2.41:1.

1971 also saw the consolidation of the GM full size car lines to a new common frame/suspension design, shared by the Chevrolet Caprice/Impala/Bel Air, Buick LeSebre/Electra, Oldsmobile 88/98, Pontiac Catalina/Bonneville, and the Cadillac Sedan Deville/Coupe Deville and Fleetwood. While the other GM divisions used a front-steer setup (steering linkage in front of the engine crossmember), all Cadillac RWDs retained the 1961-vintage front suspension (rear steering linkage, eccentric cams in the steering knuckle in lieu of shims, strut rods attached to the framerails for caster adjustment). Rear suspsensions were now driven by the Pontiac designed 8 7/8" (8.875") ring gear 10 bolt salisubury live axle.

A new trailer towing package (RPO xxx) was added for the 1971-1976 model run allowing larger than ever trailers to be towed by Cadillac owners. Coupled with heavy duty cooling, 3.23 gearing, high output 80 amp large frame alternator and Heavy Duty THM400 transmission, the long wheelbase was ideal to pull trailers weighing up to 7,000 lb (3,200 kg).

Engines:

• 1971-1974 472 cid / 7.7L
• 1975-1976 500 cid / 8.2L

Transmissions:

• 1971-1976 THM400

1977-1979

Generation I Fleetwood Brougham
Overview
Production	1977–1979
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door coupe 4-door sedan
Layout	FR layout
Platform	D-body
Powertrain
Engine	425 in³ L33 V8 350 in³ LF9 Diesel V8
Dimensions
Wheelbase	121.5 in (3086 mm)
Chronology
Predecessor	Cadillac Sixty Special

Generation I Fleetwood Limousine
Overview
Production	1977–1979
Body and chassis
Body style	4-door limousine
Layout	FR layout
Platform	D-body
Powertrain
Engine	425 in³ L33 V8
Dimensions
Wheelbase	144.5 in (3,670 mm)
Chronology
Predecessor	Cadillac Fleetwood 75

For 1977, the Fleetwood line diverged into two models. The Fleetwood Limousine used the new long-wheelbase D-body chassis, while the Fleetwood sedan (including Brougham, which was now only an option package rather than a separate model) had the shorter C-body platform. Also new was Cadillac's 425 in³ L33 V8, with optional diesel power coming the next year thanks to Oldsmobile.

Limousine

The Fleetwood Limousine was redesigned in 1977 to use the new 144.5 in (3,670 mm) wheelbase D-body platform.

Engines:

• 1977-1979 7.0 L L33 V8, 180 hp (134 kW)

Sedan

The Fleetwood sedan was also redesigned for 1977, using the new shorter 121.5 in (3086 mm) wheelbase rear wheel drive C-body.

Engines:

• 1977-1979 425 ci / 7.0 L L33 V8, 180 hp (carburetor) and 195 hp (port fuel injection)
• 1978-1979 350 ci / 5.7 L LF9 Diesel V8, 105 hp (78 kW)

Transmissions:

• 1977-1979 425 ci / 7.0 L THM400
• 1978-1979 350 ci / 5.7L THM350

1980-1986

Generation II Fleetwood
Overview
Production	1980–1984
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door coupe 4-door sedan 4-door limousine
Layout	FR layout
Platform	D-body
Powertrain
Engine	252 in³ Buick V6 368 in³ L62 V8-6-4 V8 4.1 L HT-4100 V8 350 in³ LF9 Diesel V8
Dimensions
Wheelbase	121.5 in (3,090 mm) Fleetwood 134.4 in (3,410 mm) Limousine

Generation II Fleetwood Brougham
Overview
Production	1980–1986
Body and chassis
Body style	4-door limousine
Layout	FR layout
Platform	D-body
Powertrain
Engine	252 in³ Buick V6 368 in³ L62 V8-6-4 V8 4.1 L HT-4100 V8 350 in³ LF9 Diesel V8
Dimensions
Wheelbase	121.5 in (3086 mm)
Chronology
Successor	Cadillac Brougham

For 1980, all Fleetwood models retained the 121.5-inch (3,090 mm) wheelbase and rear wheel drive chassis introduced for the 1977 models. The limousine version, called the Fleetwood 75, ended production in 1984. The two-door Fleetwood Brougham, introduced in 1980, was based upon the Coupe de Ville but featured an exclusive formal landau vinyl roof. The two-door was discontinued after the 1985 model year, but the sedan held on for several years.

The 425 in³ (7.0 L) engine, a reduced bore 472, was further debored for 1980-1981 to 368 cubic inches or 6.0 liters. For 1981, the 368 was provided with a modulated displacement system designed by Eaton Corporation, controlled by a digital computer, which locked off intake and exhaust valves to 2 or 4 of the 8 cylinders, thus running effectively as a V6 or V4 under light load conditions where in third gear, and over 35 miles per hour. This engine was called the "V8-6-4", and its electronics and sensors proved troublesome and, except for limousines, this engine was dropped after 1981. The engine's controls and sensors were a stretch for the computer power of the era. Available in 1981 & 1982 was Cadillac's first non-V8 powerplant in many years - a 4.1 liter 252cu V6 engine mated to a 4-bbl carb. This engine, manufactured by Buick, was available as a credit option. Cadillac buyers held little appeal for V6 power in such a large car.

Both the 425 and 368 are small-bore versions of the durable 472 (which was introduced in late 1967 for the '68 model year). The larger 500 had the 472's bore but a longer stroke. This engine family was the last Cadillac cast-iron engine, and the last 'big-block'. All companion subsequent engines in this model series (1977-1996) were from Buick (the shortlived 252 in³ / 4.1 liter V6), Oldsmobile (the 350 diesel and 307 gasoline V8), Chevrolet (the 305 and 350 V8s) and of course Cadillac itself, with its troublesome "HT4100" small block V8, an alloy unit with cast iron cylinder liners.

Engines:

• 1980-1984 368 in³ L62 V8-6-4 V8, 140 hp (104 kW) (Limousine/Commercial only after 1980)
• 1980-1985 350 in³ LF9 Diesel V8, 105 hp (78 kW)
• 1981-1982 252 in³ Buick V6, 125 hp (93 kW)
• 1982-1985 4.1 L HT-4100 V8, 125 hp (93 kW)

1985-1986

Generation III Fleetwood
Overview
Production	1985–1988
Body and chassis
Body style	4-door sedan 2-door coupe 4-door limousine
Layout	FF layout
Platform	C-body
Related	Cadillac De Ville
Powertrain
Engine	4.3 L LS2 Diesel V6 4.1 L HT-4100 V8 4.5 L HT-4500 V8
Transmission	4-speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	110.8 in (2,810 mm) D'Elegance 115.8 in Sixty Special 134.4 in 75 Limousine
Length	196.4 in (4,990 mm)
Width	72.5 in (1,840 mm)
Height	55.0 in (1,400 mm)

For 1985, all Fleetwood models (except the Fleetwood Brougham) moved to the front wheel drive C-body. The standard Fleetwood shared the same 110.8 in (2814 mm) wheelbase as the other C-body cars, while the Limousine "Fleetwood 75" stretched it to 134.4 in (3414 mm). The Fleetwood Brougham remained on the RWD platform, (which was redesignated as "D-body" for 1985) through 1986.

Engines:

• 1985 4.3 L LS2 Diesel V6, 85 hp (63 kW)
• 1985-1986 4.1 L HT-4100 V8, 125 hp (93 kW)

Transmissions:

• 1985-1986 THM440 T4

1987-1988

The rear wheel drive Fleetwood Brougham became simply the Cadillac Brougham for 1987, leaving all Fleetwoods on the new FWD platform. There was little more than trim differenced between the Fleetwood D'Elegance and Deville. The 1987 and 1988 Fleetwood Sixty Special used a stretched 115.8 in (2941 mm) version of the C-body, while the Limousine "Fleetwood 75" (discontinued after 1987) remained at 134.4 in (3414 mm) between the wheels.

The aluminum 4.1 L HT-4100 V8 was the only engine for 1987, and it was replaced by the 4.5 L HT-4500 the next year. The engine was upped to 4.9 L for 1991's HT-4900.

Engines:

• 1987 4.1 L HT-4100 V8, 125 hp (93 kW)
• 1988 4.5 L HT-4500 V8, 155 hp (116 kW)

Transmissions:

• 1987-1988 4T60

1989-1992

Generation IV Fleetwood/Sixty Special
Overview
Production	1989–1992 1993 (Sixty Special)
Body and chassis
Body style	4-door sedan 2-door coupe
Layout	FF layout
Platform	C-body
Related	Cadillac De Ville
Powertrain
Engine	4.5 L HT-4500 V8 4.9 L HT-4900 V8
Transmission	4-speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	110.8 in (2814 mm) coupes 113.8 in (2891 mm) sedans
Length	205.1 in (5,210 mm).
Width	73.4 in (1,860 mm).
Height	54.4 in (1,380 mm).

For 1989, the Fleetwood line was aligned more-closely with the Deville, essentially becoming trim variations on the same vehicle. The coupe versions of both shared the old 110.8 in (2814 mm) wheelbase, while the sedans (including the "Sixty Special") were unified at 113.8 in (2891 mm). Exterior dimensions were also identical between the model lines, with a length of 202.3 in (5138 mm) and 205.3 in (5215 mm) for the coupe and sedan, respectively.

The US$30,000 sticker price was a bargain compared to the large German luxury cars of the time, but Car and Driver felt that there was no comparison. They felt that the ride was "harsh", surprising when combined with a "feeble" .67 g of cornering grip. And the 155 hp (116 kW) V8 could only manage 10.9 s to 60 mph (96 km/h) for the 3615 lb (1640 kg) car.

Power jumped to 180 hp (134 kW) from the same 4.5 L engine for 1990 through the use of a dual-stage intake manifold and other changes. It was replaced by the 200 hp (149 kW) 4.9 L HT-4900 for 1991.

The Fleetwood moved away from the Deville for 1993, while a Sixty Special took over for the front-drive Fleetwood for 1993 only. All front-drive Fleetwoods and Sixty Specials use fender-mounted "spats" or skirts over the rear wheels, while Devilles had full rear-wheel openings. 5,292 1993 Sixty Specials were built, including 688 with the optional "ULTRA" Package that featured 22-way adjustable front seats, designed in Italy by Giorgio Grugiaro. This seating had been optional on the 1989-1992 Fleetwood, and when so equipped the model took on the name of Fleetwood Sixty Special. For 1993 what was the Fleetwood (1989-1992) became known as the Sixty Special, and when the special seating package was ordered ($3,550.00) it was then the Sixty Special ULTRA.

Both the Fleetwood and Deville were coded as C-bodies in the fourth digit of the VIN. The fifth digit coded the Deville as "D" (with the later Touring Sedan becoming "T"), the Fleetwood as "B", and the Fleetwood Sixty Special as "S". The Sixty Special became the "G" code for 1991, and switched back to "B" for its 1993 run.

Engines:

• 1989 4.5 L HT-4500 V8, 155 hp (116 kW)
• 1990 4.5 L HT-4500 V8, 180 hp (134 kW)
• 1991-1992 4.9 L HT-4900 V8, 200 hp (149 kW)

Transmissions:

• 1989 4T60
• 1990-1992 4T60E

1993-1996

Generation V Fleetwood
Overview
Also called	Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham
Production	1993–1996
Assembly	Arlington, Texas
Body and chassis
Body style	4-door sedan
Layout	FR layout
Platform	D-body
Powertrain
Engine	5.7 L L05 V8 5.7 L LT1 V8
Transmission	4-speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	121.5 in (3086 mm)
Length	225.0 in (5,720 mm)
Width	78.0 in (1,980 mm)
Height	57.1 in (1,450 mm)
Chronology
Predecessor	Cadillac Brougham

For 1993, the Fleetwood name was switched from the Deville's front wheel drive C-body to the newly revised rear wheel drive D-body, being one of the first American front-wheel drive vehicles to switch to rear-wheel drive. This new body was based on the Caprice. The 1993 Fleetwood was the largest production car made in the United States until production ceased in 1996. It was replaced by the d'Elegance trim line of the Cadillac DeVille.

1994 brought the Corvette-derived LT-1 350 in³ (5.7 L) engine to make 260 hp (193.9 kW) along with the new 4L60E transmission. Between 1993 and 1996, the Fleetwood chassis was used in lieu of the DeVille for funeral coaches and limousines. The DeVille was used again in 1997.

The 7,000 lb (3,200 kg) trailer towing package returned to the Gen 5 Fleetwood in 1993, something not seen in a production sedan since the 1971-1976 Gen 3 Fleetwood . The RPO (regular production option) V4P package included heavy duty cooling (RPO V08, which consisted of a 7 blade mechanical fan and an extra capacity radiator), RPO FE2 Suspension System Ride Handling, HD 4L60 transmission, RPO KC4 Cooling System Engine Oil, RPO KD1 Cooling System Transmission Oil, RPO KG9 140 amp alternator, and RPO GT4 3.73 gears with an 8.5" ring gear. In 1994-1996, the V4P package was revised with RPO GU6 3.42 gears with the new more powerful RPO LT1 260 hp V8, and HD 4L60E transmission with unique accumulators to shift smoother with the shorter rear axle gearing.

The Fleetwood was upgraded with a 9.5" Semi Floating axle (sourced from Chevrolet/GMC C/K 3/4 ton trucks fitted with wide drums and 1/2" studs) with 3.42 ratio, along with 1" wide brake rotors (from Chevrolet/GMC G-series vans) on coach builder, limousine, and armor plating models.

Engines:

• 1993 5.7 L L05 V8, 185 hp (138 kW)
• 1994-1996 5.7 L LT1 V8, 260 hp (194 kW)

Transmissions:

• 1993 4L60
• 1994-1996 4L60E

1999

The 1999 Cadillac Fleetwood Limited was built by the Superior Coach Company (a division of Accubuilt) in Lima, Ohio. Superior took a regular production 1999 Cadillac De Ville and stretched out one foot in length. It was priced at around $52,000. Exactly 467 were produced.

Film

Five Cadillac Fleetwood Seventy-Fives, a Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham and a Cadillac Fleetwood Station Wagon are stolen in the 1974 film Gone in 60 seconds.

File:Movie Fleetwood Brougham.jpg Cadillac Fleetwood Seventy-Five with a special landau roof in Gone In 60 Seconds

File:Movie Fleetwood 75.jpg Cadillac Fleetwood Seventy-Five in Gone In 60 Seconds

References & Links

• Arthur St. Antoine (April 1989). "Cadillac Fleetwood Road Test". Car and Driver. 34 (10): 55–61.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: year (link)