Gurbeti: Difference between revisions
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|langs = [[Kurbet language]], [[Cypriot Turkish]] in Northern Cyprus, and [[Vlax Romani language]], [[Albanian language]], [[Serbian language]] and [[Balkan Gagauz Turkish]]. |
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|langs = [[Kurbet language|Kurbet]] |
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|rels = [[Cultural Muslims]] |
|rels = [[Cultural Muslims]], [[Serbian Orthodox Church]]. |
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{{Romani people}} |
{{Romani people}} |
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'''Gurbeti or Kurbet also Kurbat''' living in [[Northern Cyprus]], [[Turkey]], [[Albania]] and former [[Yugoslavia]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Between Past and Future |last=Guy |first=Will |year=2001 |publisher=[[University of Hertfordshire|University of Hertfordshire Press]] |isbn=978-1-902806-07-5 |page=52 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Serbia Since 1989 |last=Ramet |first=Sabrina P. |author2=Vjeran Pavlaković |year=2005 |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |isbn=978-0-295-98538-1 |page=383 }}</ref> which members are [[Muslim Roma]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Rushton |first=J. Philippe |author2=Jelena Čvorović |author3=Trudy Ann Bons |date=January–February 2007 |title=General mental ability in South Asians: Data from three Roma (Gypsy) communities in Serbia |journal=Intelligence |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=1–12 |doi=10.1016/j.intell.2006.09.002 }}</ref> In Kosovo, other Romani groups viewed the Gurbeti as being worse and foul.<ref>{{cite book|title=Etnološki pregled: Revue d'etnologie|volume=10-12|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jrkWAQAAMAAJ|year=1972|page=30}}</ref> |
'''Gurbeti or Kurbet also Kurbat''' living in [[Northern Cyprus]], [[Turkey]], [[Albania]] and former [[Yugoslavia]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Between Past and Future |last=Guy |first=Will |year=2001 |publisher=[[University of Hertfordshire|University of Hertfordshire Press]] |isbn=978-1-902806-07-5 |page=52 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Serbia Since 1989 |last=Ramet |first=Sabrina P. |author2=Vjeran Pavlaković |year=2005 |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |isbn=978-0-295-98538-1 |page=383 }}</ref> which members are mostly [[Muslim Roma]]s with a few Christian group in Serbia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Rushton |first=J. Philippe |author2=Jelena Čvorović |author3=Trudy Ann Bons |date=January–February 2007 |title=General mental ability in South Asians: Data from three Roma (Gypsy) communities in Serbia |journal=Intelligence |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=1–12 |doi=10.1016/j.intell.2006.09.002 }}</ref> In Kosovo, other Romani groups viewed the Gurbeti as being worse and foul.<ref>{{cite book|title=Etnološki pregled: Revue d'etnologie|volume=10-12|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jrkWAQAAMAAJ|year=1972|page=30}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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In [[Vuk Stefanović Karadžić]]'s Serbian dictionary, the word ''Gurbet'' means "Gypsy foreign workers". The word is derived from Turkish ''gurbet'', meaning "emigrate".<ref>Đura Daničić, Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti 1891: "U Vukovu rječniku. GUBBET, m. Ciganin skitač, arap. tur. ghurbet, ise\avane. — isporedi gurbetaš, gurbetin."</ref> The first mentions of nomadic Roma attributed as Gurbeti ancestors, from [[Ottoman Cyprus]], is from the 17th century.<ref>Helena Kanyar-Becker 2003: "In addition, in the XVIIth century, one begins to find mentions of nomadic Rroma, who were from Ottoman Cyprus - the ancestors of the present-day Gurbeti in Yugoslavia."</ref>In 1941, most of the Yugoslav Roma settled permanently, with the exception of the Gurbeti in Montenegro.<ref>{{cite book |title=Serbia Since 1989 |last=Ramet |first=Sabrina P. |author2=Vjeran Pavlaković |year=2005 |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |isbn=978-0-295-98538-1 |page=383 }}</ref> |
In [[Vuk Stefanović Karadžić]]'s Serbian dictionary, the word ''Gurbet'' means "Gypsy foreign workers". The word is derived from Turkish ''gurbet'', meaning "emigrate".<ref>Đura Daničić, Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti 1891: "U Vukovu rječniku. GUBBET, m. Ciganin skitač, arap. tur. ghurbet, ise\avane. — isporedi gurbetaš, gurbetin."</ref> The first mentions of nomadic Roma attributed as Gurbeti ancestors, from [[Ottoman Cyprus]], is from the 17th century.<ref>Helena Kanyar-Becker 2003: "In addition, in the XVIIth century, one begins to find mentions of nomadic Rroma, who were from Ottoman Cyprus - the ancestors of the present-day Gurbeti in Yugoslavia."</ref>In 1941, most of the Yugoslav Roma settled permanently, with the exception of the Gurbeti in Montenegro.<ref>{{cite book |title=Serbia Since 1989 |last=Ramet |first=Sabrina P. |author2=Vjeran Pavlaković |year=2005 |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |isbn=978-0-295-98538-1 |page=383 }}</ref> |
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However, other sources about the Gurbeti said, there Ancestors once came from Moldova and Wallachia, at the end of the 1850s after slavery, and speak a Vlax dialect.<ref>http://rombase.uni-graz.at/cgi-bin/art.cgi?src=data/ethn/groupsat/at-gurbet.en.xml</ref>. |
However, other sources about the Gurbeti said, there Ancestors once came from Moldova and Wallachia, at the end of the 1850s after slavery and settled in the Balkan, and speak a Vlax dialect.<ref>http://rombase.uni-graz.at/cgi-bin/art.cgi?src=data/ethn/groupsat/at-gurbet.en.xml</ref>. |
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==Culture== |
==Culture== |
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The Gurbeti on the Balkans share some cultural features with the [[Kalderaš]], but also with other [[Xoraxane]], who adopted Turkish Culture, since the Ottoman time. The majority of Gurbeti are [[Cultural Muslims]] while others belong to the [[Serbian Orthodox Church]] , and partly assimilated into society. They speak [[Kurbet language]] and [[Cypriot Turkish]] in Northern Cyprus, and [[Vlax Romani language]], [[Albanian language]], [[Serbian language]] and [[Rumelian Turkish]] at the Balkans. |
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==Diaspora== |
==Diaspora== |
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Revision as of 15:53, 12 September 2021
| Languages | |
|---|---|
| Kurbet language, Cypriot Turkish in Northern Cyprus, and Vlax Romani language, Albanian language, Serbian language and Balkan Gagauz Turkish. | |
| Religion | |
| Cultural Muslims, Serbian Orthodox Church. |
Gurbeti or Kurbet also Kurbat living in Northern Cyprus, Turkey, Albania and former Yugoslavia,[1][2] which members are mostly Muslim Romas with a few Christian group in Serbia.[3] In Kosovo, other Romani groups viewed the Gurbeti as being worse and foul.[4]
History
In Vuk Stefanović Karadžić's Serbian dictionary, the word Gurbet means "Gypsy foreign workers". The word is derived from Turkish gurbet, meaning "emigrate".[5] The first mentions of nomadic Roma attributed as Gurbeti ancestors, from Ottoman Cyprus, is from the 17th century.[6]In 1941, most of the Yugoslav Roma settled permanently, with the exception of the Gurbeti in Montenegro.[7]
However, other sources about the Gurbeti said, there Ancestors once came from Moldova and Wallachia, at the end of the 1850s after slavery and settled in the Balkan, and speak a Vlax dialect.[8].
Culture
The Gurbeti on the Balkans share some cultural features with the Kalderaš, but also with other Xoraxane, who adopted Turkish Culture, since the Ottoman time. The majority of Gurbeti are Cultural Muslims while others belong to the Serbian Orthodox Church , and partly assimilated into society. They speak Kurbet language and Cypriot Turkish in Northern Cyprus, and Vlax Romani language, Albanian language, Serbian language and Rumelian Turkish at the Balkans.
Diaspora
There is a Gurbeti diaspora, such as in Austria and Germany, were recent migrants, mostly as Gastarbeiter, unskilled workers, has since integrated into Austrian and German society. Some of Gurbeti Men married Austrian and German Woman.[9]
Language
Their Kurbet is a variety of Para-Romani.[10] In Kosovo, the Gurbeti speech have either a dominant Serbian substratum, or Albanian substratum. The Džambazi (Acrobatics and Horse trading) nomadic Muslim romani group, speak a sub-dialect of Kurbet. The origin of the Romani loan words in Croatian are most likely from Gurbeti, who settled predominantly from Bosnia and Herzegovina.[11] Rade Uhlik translated the Gospel of Luke into Bosnian Gurbeti as O keriben pal e Devleskre bičhade. This was published by the British and Foreign Bible Society in 1938, and published in Belgrade.
References
- ^ Guy, Will (2001). Between Past and Future. University of Hertfordshire Press. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-902806-07-5.
- ^ Ramet, Sabrina P.; Vjeran Pavlaković (2005). Serbia Since 1989. University of Washington Press. p. 383. ISBN 978-0-295-98538-1.
- ^ Rushton, J. Philippe; Jelena Čvorović; Trudy Ann Bons (January–February 2007). "General mental ability in South Asians: Data from three Roma (Gypsy) communities in Serbia". Intelligence. 35 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2006.09.002.
- ^ Etnološki pregled: Revue d'etnologie. Vol. 10–12. 1972. p. 30.
- ^ Đura Daničić, Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti 1891: "U Vukovu rječniku. GUBBET, m. Ciganin skitač, arap. tur. ghurbet, ise\avane. — isporedi gurbetaš, gurbetin."
- ^ Helena Kanyar-Becker 2003: "In addition, in the XVIIth century, one begins to find mentions of nomadic Rroma, who were from Ottoman Cyprus - the ancestors of the present-day Gurbeti in Yugoslavia."
- ^ Ramet, Sabrina P.; Vjeran Pavlaković (2005). Serbia Since 1989. University of Washington Press. p. 383. ISBN 978-0-295-98538-1.
- ^ http://rombase.uni-graz.at/cgi-bin/art.cgi?src=data/ethn/groupsat/at-gurbet.en.xml
- ^ http://rombase.uni-graz.at/cgi-bin/art.cgi?src=data/ethn/groupsat/at-gurbet.en.xml
- ^ Sabine Hornberg; Christian Brüggemann (2013). Die Bildungssituation von Roma in Europa. Waxmann Verlag. pp. 58–. ISBN 978-3-8309-7841-1.
- ^ Schrammel-Ambrosch-Halwachs 2005, p. 85
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