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| map_caption = Galashki on the map of the Caucasian Imamate 27 Muharram 1273 hijri calendar (1856)
| map_caption = Galashki on the map of the Caucasian Imamate 27 Muharram 1273 hijri calendar (1856)
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[[File:Фрагмент карты 1830 года. Назрановцы Карабулаки и Галашевцы (Ингуши).jpg|thumb|Galashkian Ingushes in map from 1830]]
[[File:Малая_Чечня_(1847_год).jpg|thumb|Galashki in Little Chechnya (1847)]]
[[File:Малая_Чечня_(1847_год).jpg|thumb|Galashki in Little Chechnya (1847)]]


'''Galashkin Naibdom''' was one of the administrative unit of the [[Caucasian Imamate|North Caucasian Imamate]] and later the [[Russian Empire]]. According to Gapurov it was one of the largest regions of the [[Chechnya|Chechen regions]] of the Imamate,<ref>Gapurov Sh. A. Chechnya and Yermolov. Grozny, 2006.</ref> while according to Pavlova and Kodzoev it was Ingush region of the Imamate.<ref name="Pavlova1">{{cite web|url=https://psychlib.ru/mgppu/PIe-2012/PIe-384.htm#$p35|last=Павлова|first=О. С|title=Ингушский этнос на современном этапе: черты социально-психологического портрета. — М.: Форум|year=2012|page=35}}</ref><ref name="History of Ingush people">{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723093858/http://old.memo.ru/d/34363.html|title=История ингушского народа. Глава 5. ИНГУШЕТИЯ В XIX В. § 1. Ингушетия в первой половине XIX в.}}</ref> The ''naibdom'' was formed on the territory of the [[Galashkians|Galashkian society]]. [[Galashki]] was the center of the Galashkin naibdom, which was ruled by [[naib]] [[Talkhig of Shali|Talkhig]].<ref>Gapurov Sh. A. Chechnya and Yermolov. Grozny, 2006.</ref>
'''''Galashkin Naibdom''''' is one of the administrative unit of the [[Caucasian Imamate|North Caucasian Imamate]] and later the [[Russian Empire]], it was one of the largest regions of the [[Chechnya|Chechen regions]] of the Imamate. The ''naibdom'' was formed on the mono-ethnic Chechen territory, the historical homeland of the [[Arshtin|Orstkhoy]] society. [[Galashki]] was the center of the Galashkin naibdom, which was ruled by ''[[naib]]'' [[Talkhig of Shali|Talkhig]].<ref>Gapurov Sh. A. Chechnya and Yermolov. Grozny, 2006.</ref>


== History ==
== History ==

Revision as of 04:11, 17 February 2023

Galashkin naibdom
Flag of Galashkin naibdom
Flag
Galashki on the map of the Caucasian Imamate 27 Muharram 1273 hijri calendar (1856)
Galashki on the map of the Caucasian Imamate 27 Muharram 1273 hijri calendar (1856)
StatusImamate
Religion
Sunni Islam
GovernmentDīvān
Naib 
• ?
Talkhig of Shali
• ?
Naib Dudarov
 Succeeded by
Russian Empire
Galashki in Little Chechnya (1847)

Galashkin Naibdom is one of the administrative unit of the North Caucasian Imamate and later the Russian Empire, it was one of the largest regions of the Chechen regions of the Imamate. The naibdom was formed on the mono-ethnic Chechen territory, the historical homeland of the Orstkhoy society. Galashki was the center of the Galashkin naibdom, which was ruled by naib Talkhig.[1]

History

The Naibdom was formed on the territory where the Galashians lived, the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron provides the following information about the Galashians.[2]

Galashians or Galash - a society of the Chechen tribe, inhabited the inaccessible and wild places of the Terek region, the Vladikavkaz district, especially the gorge of the Assy River. In 1851 the society consisted of 30 auls; there were over 2000 inhabitants. In 1849, G. were conquered by Major General Ilyinsky, and the forest of the gorge was cut down; in 1858 G. descended into the lowlands.

«...groups of Nazranians and Galashians were artificially formed by the resettlement of the I. (Ingush) from the mountains to the plane.[3]

After a general uprising in the territories of Chechnya conquered by the tsarist troops in March 1840, the Orstkhoy (Karabulaks) and (Galashevtsy) societies joined the Gekhi Valaiyet (Little Chechnya), representatives of these societies, together with other Chechen societies, in early March solemnly swore allegiance to the imam in the village of Urus-Martan. Since that time, the middle course of the Assa and Sunzha rivers has become the western border of the Imamat.[4]

The Russian archive of 1889 contains the following information about the conquest of Little Chechnya:[5][6]

in four years, Sleptsov cleared the entire plane of Little Chechnya from the enemy and conquered the mountainous communities of Galashevsky, Karabulaksky and Arshtinsky, taking away from the enemy not only the most fertile lands, but also his best military element. — N. D. Akhsharumov

According to some sources, the Galashians did not take an active part in the events of the Caucasian War.[7]

Ethnic composition of the population

"Galashkian gorge". Drawing from the "Caucasian" album, early 1840s.

The historian N. N. Nadezhdin in his work «Nature and People in the Caucasus and Beyond the Caucasus» for 1869 mentions Chechen societies: the tribes currently inhabiting Chechnya are known under the following name Galashevtsy, Karabulaki, etc.[8] At the same time, the information of the historian A. P. Berge is known, which was published in Russkaia starina for 1882, where he mentions the Chechen societies of Galash and Karabulaks (Orstkhoy).[9] In the Bulletin of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society for 1859, the inhabitants of the Galashevsky society were noted as Chechens.[10]

«Overview of the political state of the Caucasus in 1840»[11] and «Military Statistical Review of the Russian Empire // Caucasian Territory, 1851»[12] mention Galashkians as Ingush among other Ingush societies like Nazranians or Nearby Kists. Historian Volkonsky wrote in 1886 in his book «War in Eastern Caucasus from 1824 to 1834 due to Muridism» that Galashkians are an Ingush society.[13] Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron nationality of the Chechen tribe, mentions that the Galashkians were artificially formed by the resettlement of the Ingush from the mountains to the plane.[3] In "Map of Shamil's possessions" which was combiled by Chechen naib Yusuf Safarov from Aldy on Shamil's orders specifically for Sultan Abdul-Mejid I (1839-1861), and sent to Istanbul with the Ottoman officer Hadji Ismail contains “Ingush division (iklim)”, under which are named “Mardzhï”, “Galgaï”, “Inkush”, "Kalash" (Galash), "Karabulaq".[14] Historian Pantyukhov,[15] as well as Kovalevsky,[16] Martirosian,[17] Krupnov,[18] Zhdanov,[19] mentioned Galashkians as an Ingush society.

The Ingush are a people of the Chechen tribe inhabiting the central and southern parts of the Sunzha department (the former Ingush district) of the Terek region. and got its name from the large, now defunct aul Angusht or Ingush in the Tara Valley; I. call themselves lamour. I. break up into Dzherahovtsy, Kistins (Kists), Gal (a) Gaevtsy, Nazranians and Galashevtsy, according to the name of the villages, valleys, mountains or rivers on which they live; the transfer of rural administrations from one aul to another sometimes entailed a change in the name of the society[3].

Naibs

See also

References

  1. ^ Gapurov Sh. A. Chechnya and Yermolov. Grozny, 2006.
  2. ^ Brockhaus and Efron. Galashevtsy or Galash // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). — St. Petersburg, 1892. — T. VIIa. — p. 891.
  3. ^ a b c "Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: Volume XIII (25)". p. 58.

    «...группы назрановцев и галашевцев образованы искусственно путем переселения И. (ингушей) из гор на плоскость.»
  4. ^ Khozhaev has 116
  5. ^ Russian archive. — Moscow, 1889.
  6. ^ Archived copy
  7. ^ Islamic radical movements on the political map of the modern world. Issue. 2. North and South Caucasus. Team of authors • 2018
  8. ^ Nadezhdin has 109
  9. ^ Berger has 4—5
  10. ^ Bulletin of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society. 1859. Part 27. p. — 10
  11. ^ «Обзор политического состояния Кавказа 1840 года» ЦГВИА Ф. ВУА, Д.6164, Ч.93, лл. 1-23.

    «V. Племя ингуш: 1) Назрановцы, 2) Галаши, 3) Карабулаки, 4) Галгаи, 5) Кистины или Кисты Ближние, 6) Джерахи, 7) Цори, 8) Дальние Кисты»
  12. ^ "Военно-статистическое обозрение Российской империи // Кавказский край, 1851. Page 137".

    «К племени Ингушей, занимающих плоскость и котловины кавказских гор с правой стороны Терека до верхних частей Аргуна и до течения Фартанги, принадлежат: 1) Назрановцы с Комбулейским обществом, 2) Джераховцы, 3) Карабулаки, 4) Цоринцы, 5) Ближние Кистинцы с небольшим обществом Малхинцев вновь покорившимся, 6) Галгай, 7) Галашевцы, 8) Дальние Кисты; первые 3 народа совершенно покорны, из других 3-х большая часть аулов нам покорны и управляются приставом…»
  13. ^ Волконский, Н. А. Война на Восточном Кавказе с 1824 по 1834 годы в связи с мюридизмом // Кавказский сборник. — Тифлисъ, 1886. — Т. 10. p. 54.

    «Ингушевское племя состояло из следующих обществ: кистинского, джераховского, назрановского, карабулакского (впоследствии назвавшегося галашевским), галгаевского, цоринского, акинского и мереджинского; все эти общества вместе имели свыше тридцати тысяч душ.».
  14. ^ "ДОКЛАД О ГРАНИЦАХ И ТЕРРИТОРИИ ИНГУШЕТИИ (основные положения)". Назрань. 2021.

    “According to information from the Arabic "Map of Shamil's possessions", stored in the National Archives of Georgia and its Russian translation of the same year with "Explanation to the districts of Dagestan" for the retinue of His Imperial Majesty, entitled "Dagestan's Imam and Warrior Shamil". The map was compiled by a Chechen naib Yusuf Safarov from Aldy on Shamil's orders specifically for Sultan Abdul-Mejid I (1839-1861), and sent to Istanbul with the Ottoman officer Hadji Ismail, who arrived from him to Shamil, but was intercepted on the way back in Georgia. In a special table, twice entitled “Explanation of how many districts in Dagestan are on this map and into how many parts Dagestan is divided”, there is a special column “Ingush division (iklim)”, under which are named “Mardzhï”, “Galgaï”, “Inkush”, "Kalash", "Karabulaq". Total "5"
  15. ^ Пантюхов 1901, p. 2.
  16. ^ Ковалевский 1914, p. 150.
  17. ^ Мартиросиан 1928, p. 12.
  18. ^ Крупнов 1968, p. 36.
  19. ^ Жданов 2005, p. 77.
  20. ^ Gapurov Sh. A. Chechnya and Yermolov. Grozny, 2006.
  21. ^ a b Дадаев 2009, p. 178.
  22. ^ Khozhaev has 171

Bibliography

  • Pavlyuk (General Staff Colonel). To the electronic library: 1909. History of the 51st Infantry Lithuanian EIV, heir to the Tsarevich Regiment. 1809—1909 — Odessa: Typo-lithography of the Headquarters of Odessa. military Districts.
  • Ibragimova Z.Kh. World of Chechens. XIX century. — Moscow: Probel-2000, 2007. — 1014, 9 p. — ISBN 978-5-98604-089-9.
  • Nadezhdin P. P. Caucasian mountains and highlanders // Nature and people in the Caucasus and beyond the Caucasus. — St. Petersburg: Printing house of V. Demakov, 1869. — S. 109. — 413 p.
  • Brockhaus and Efron. Galashevtsy or Galash // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). — St. Petersburg, 1892. — T. VIIa. — p. 891.
  • Khozhaev D. A. Chechens in the Russian-Caucasian War: scientific-popul. ed. / ed. project and scientific ed. T. A. Mazaeva. — Gr.-St. Petersburg. : «Seda», 1998. — 250 p. — Published with the participation of Fin. provide M. M. Akhmatkhanova and Kh. D. Makhauri. — ISBN 5-85973-012-8.
  • Berge A. P. The eviction of the highlanders from the Caucasus // Russian antiquity. — St. Petersburg, 1882. — T. 36. — No. 10−12.
  • Dzagurov G. A. Resettlement of mountaineers to Turkey // Materials on the history of mountain peoples. — Rostov., 1925. — 202 p.
  • Ковалевский, П.И. (1914). Народы Кавказа (in Russian). Санкт-Петербург: Типографiя М. И. Акинфiев.

[1]}}

  • Мартиросиан, Г. К. (1928). Нагорная Ингушия (in Russian). Владикавказ: Государственная типография Автономной Области Ингушии.
  • Крупнов, Е. И (1971). Средневековая Ингушетия (in Russian). Москва: Наука.
  • Жданов, Ю. А. (2005). Энциклопедия культур народов Юга России. Том I. Народы Юга России (in Russian). Ростов-на-Дону: СКНЦ ВШ. pp. 1–244. ISBN 5-87872-089-2.
  • Дадаев, Ю. У. (2009). Наибы и мудиры Шамиля (in Russian). Махачкала: ДИНЭМ. pp. 1–621. ISBN 978-5-91446-011-9.
  1. ^ Жданов 2005, p. 77.
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