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Just as the strong test checks for the existence of more than two square roots of 1 modulo n, two such tests can sometimes check for the existence of more...

modulo 10 (i.e. the remainder, when divided by 10) and call it M. If M is zero, then the check digit is 0; otherwise the check digit is 10 − M. For example...

protocol uses the multiplicative group of integers modulo p, where p is prime, and g is a primitive root modulo p. To guard against potential vulnerabilities...

For 128 bits of security in the supersingular isogeny Diffie–Hellman (SIDH) method, De Feo, Jao and Plut recommend using a supersingular curve modulo...

follows. Let Z q {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{q}} denote the ring of integers modulo q {\displaystyle q} and let Z q n {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{q}^{n}} denote...

{\displaystyle s-s'=k^{-1}(z-z')} (all operations in this paragraph are done modulo n {\displaystyle n} ) the attacker can find k = z − z ′ s − s ′ {\displaystyle...

n} is 2 modulo 3, but there exists a two-term expansion whenever n {\displaystyle n} has a factor that is 2 modulo 3, a weaker condition. For numbers...

join(N.split()).replace(":", ""), 16) g = 2 # A generator modulo N k = H(N, g) # Multiplier parameter (k=3 in legacy SRP-6) F = '#0x' # Format specifier print("#...

using higher-degree polynomials, again modulo large primes. As well as in the hash function, prime numbers are used for the hash table size in quadratic probing...

of the first coordinate of R {\displaystyle R} . Note: for the algorithm to be secure some checks have to be performed. See Hankerson et al. Bob calculates:...

index for PRN number and code i {\displaystyle i} designated in the IS. mod {\displaystyle \operatorname {mod} } is the remainder of division (or modulo) operation...

algorithm for integer factorization, which searches for a factor p of a given number n by looking for values xi and xi+λ which are equal modulo p without...

lattice basis in polynomial time Modular square root: computing square roots modulo a prime number Berlekamp's root finding algorithm Cipolla's algorithm Tonelli–Shanks...

Lorentz group. Likewise, rotation angles arise naturally as coordinates (modulo 2π) on the pure rotation generators in the Lie algebra. (Together they coordinatize...

uncompressed data and LZMA data, possibly with multiple different LZMA encoding parameters. LZMA2 supports arbitrarily scalable multithreaded compression and decompression...

more parameters than the function will use foo(...a); // "1:2:3" → foo(a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3]); // Users can mix it with non-spread parameters foo(5...

The message can also contain Earth's rotation parameters, ionosphere models, long-term orbit parameters for GLONASS satellites, and COSPAS-SARSAT messages...

Pocklington's algorithm for efficiently finding square roots modulo prime numbers. In 1970, Elwyn Berlekamp introduced a randomized algorithm for efficiently computing...

argument is an immediate, then the bit-index in the second argument is taken modulo operand size (16/32/64, in effect using only the bottom 4, 5 or 6 bits of...

derived. The apparent angle between two stars in the combined fields of view, modulo the grid period, was obtained from the phase difference of the two star...