Erythrinidae
| Erythrinidae Temporal range: Possible Early Paleocene record
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| Hoplias malabaricus | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Characiformes |
| Superfamily: | Erythrinoidea |
| Family: | Erythrinidae Valenciennes, 1847 |
| Genera | |
The Erythrinidae are a family of fishes found in rivers and other freshwater habitats from Costa Rica south as far as Argentina. They are common and are caught with hooks by fishermen, partially because of their voracious behaviour. They are sometimes called trahiras (also spelled trairas) or tarariras.
The Erythrinidae include cylindrical fish with blunt heads, and prey on other fish. They can reach lengths up to 90 cm (35 in). Some species can breathe air, enabling them to survive in water low in oxygen,[1] and even to move over land between ponds.
The earliest definitive remains of the family are of Hoplias from the Middle Miocene of Colombia.[2] Potential fossil remains are known from the Early Paleocene-aged Tenejapa-Lacandón Formation of Mexico.[3] The three genera in this family appear to have diverged from one another over the Paleogene. However, most species within the family are relatively young, their evolution influenced by major tectonic changes in South America over the Neogene.[2]
Genera
[edit]The 16 species are contained in extant (living) genera,[4] plus another extinct species in a separate genus:[5]
- Erythrinus Scopoli, 1777
- Hoplerythrinus Gill, 1896
- Hoplias Gill, 1903 - giant trahiras[6]
- †Paleohoplias Bocquentin & Negri, 2003 (fossil; Neogene of Brazil)
References
[edit]- ^ Wietzman, S.H.; Vari, R.P. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 102. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
- ^ a b Conde-Saldaña, Cristhian C.; Melo, Bruno F.; Roxo, Fábio F.; Tagliacollo, Victor A.; Oliveira, Claudio; Albert, James S. (2025). "Landscape Evolution Drives Continental Diversification in Neotropical Freshwater Fishes of the Family Erythrinidae (Teleostei, Characiformes)". Journal of Biogeography. 52 (6): e15129. doi:10.1111/jbi.15129. ISSN 1365-2699.
- ^ Mé[email protected], Jesús Alvarado-Ortega~Universidad Nacional Autónoma de; [email protected], Martha Cuevas-García~Instituto Nacional de Antropología e; Mé[email protected], María del Pilar Melgarejo-Damián~Universidad Nacional Autónoma de; [email protected], Kleyton Magno Cantalice~Universidade do Estado do Rio de; Mé[email protected], Abril Alaniz-Galvan~Universidad Nacional Autónoma de; Mé[email protected], Gisel Solano-Templos~Universidad Nacional Autónoma de; Aguilera”[email protected], Bruno Andrés Than-Marchese~Museo de Paleontología “Eliseo Palacios (2015-07-26). "Paleocene fishes from Palenque, Chiapas, southeastern Mexico". Palaeontologia Electronica. Retrieved 2025-05-17.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Alestidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 17 May 2025.
- ^ Blanco, Daniel Rodrigues; Lui, Roberto Laridondo; Bertollo, Luiz Antonio Carlos; Margarido, Vladimir Pavan; Moreira Filho, Orlando (2010). "Karyotypic diversity between allopatric populations of the group Hoplias malabaricus (Characiformes: Erythrinidae): evolutionary and biogeographic considerations". Neotropical Ichthyology. 8 (2): 361–368. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252010000200015.
- ^ Blanco, D.R.; Lui, R.L.; Vicari, M.R.; Bertollo, L.A.C.; Moreira-Filho, O. (2011). "Comparative Cytogenetics of Giant Trahiras Hoplias aimara and H. intermedius (Characiformes, Erythrinidae): Chromosomal Characteristics of Minor and Major Ribosomal DNA and Cross-Species Repetitive Centromeric Sequences Mapping Differ among Morphologically Identical Karyotypes". Cytogenetic and Genome Research. 132 (1–2): 71–78. doi:10.1159/000320923. PMID 20924165. S2CID 207643872.
Further reading
[edit]- Nelson, Joseph S. (2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-25031-7
External links
[edit]
Media related to Erythrinidae at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Erythrinidae at Wikispecies
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