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Main page: List of popes

19th century

Pope Pius IX (1846–1878)

Pope Blessed Pius IX
Bishop of Rome
Portrait by Adolphe Braun, 1875
Church	Catholic Church
Elected	16 June 1846
Papacy began	21 June 1846
Papacy ended	7 February 1878
Predecessor	Gregory XVI
Successor	Leo XIII
Previous post(s)	Auditor to Chile and Peru (1823‍–‍1825) Head of the Hospital of San Michele (1825‍–‍1827) Canon of Santa Maria in Via Lata (1825‍–‍1827) Archbishop of Spoleto (1827‍–‍1832) Archbishop-Bishop of Imola (1832‍–‍1846) Cardinal Priest of Santi Marcellino e Pietro al Laterano (1840‍–‍1846)
Orders
Ordination	10 April 1819 by Fabrizio Sceberras Testaferrata
Consecration	3 June 1827 by Francesco Castiglioni
Created cardinal	23 December 1839 (in pectore) 14 December 1840 (revealed) by Gregory XVI
Rank	Cardinal priest
Personal details
Born	Giovanni Maria Battista Pietro Pellegrino Isidoro Mastai-Ferretti (1792-05-13)13 May 1792 Senigallia, Papal States
Died	7 February 1878(1878-02-07) (aged 85) Apostolic Palace, Rome, Italy
Signature
Coat of arms
Sainthood
Feast day	7 February
Venerated in	Catholic Church
Beatified	3 September 2000 St. Peter's Square, Vatican City by Pope John Paul II
Attributes	Papal vestments Papal tiara
Patronage	Pius Seminary of Rome Senigallia Diocese of Senigallia First Vatican Council
Shrines	San Lorenzo fuori le mura
Ordination history
History Priestly ordination Ordained by Fabrizio Sceberras Testaferrata Date 10 April 1819 Episcopal consecration Principal consecrator Francesco Castiglioni Co-consecrators Antonio Luigi Piatti Giovanni Giacomo Sinibaldi Date 3 June 1827 Cardinalate Elevated by Pope Gregory XVI Date 23 December 1839 (in pectore) 14 December 1840 (revealed)
Other popes named Pius

Pope Leo XIII (1878–1903)

Pope Leo XIII
Bishop of Rome
Portrait by Adolphe Braun, 1878
Church	Catholic Church
Elected	20 February 1878
Papacy began	3 March 1878
Papacy ended	20 July 1903
Predecessor	Pius IX
Successor	Pius X
Previous post(s)	Titular Archbishop of Tamiathis (1843‍–‍1846) Apostolic Nuncio to Belgium (1843‍–‍1846) Bishop of Perugia (1846‍–‍1878) Cardinal Priest of San Crisogono (1853‍–‍1878) Camerlengo of the Apostolic Chamber (1877‍–‍1878)
Orders
Ordination	31 December 1837 by Carlo Odescalchi
Consecration	19 February 1843 by Luigi Lambruschini
Created cardinal	19 December 1853 by Pius IX
Rank	Cardinal priest
Personal details
Born	Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci (1810-03-02)2 March 1810 Carpineto Romano, Rome, French Empire
Died	20 July 1903(1903-07-20) (aged 93) Apostolic Palace, Rome, Italy
Signature
Coat of arms
Ordination history
History Priestly ordination Ordained by Carlo Odescalchi Date 31 December 1837 Episcopal consecration Principal consecrator Luigi Lambruschini Co-consecrators Fabio Maria Asquini Giuseppe Maria Castellani Date 19 February 1843 Cardinalate Elevated by Pope Pius IX Date 19 December 1853
Episcopal succession Bishops consecrated by Pope Leo XIII as principal consecrator Antonio Briganti 19 November 1871 Carmelo Pascucci 19 November 1871 Carlo Laurenzi 24 June 1877 Edoardo Borromeo 19 May 1878 Francesco Latoni 1 June 1879 Jean-Baptiste-François Pitra 1 June 1879 Bartholomew Woodlock 1 June 1879 Agostino Bausa 24 March 1889 Giuseppe Antonio Ermenegildo Prisco 29 May 1898
Other popes named Leo

20th century

Pope Pius X (1903–1914)

Pope Saint Pius X
Bishop of Rome
Portrait by Francesco De Federicis, 1903
Church	Catholic Church
Elected	4 August 1903
Papacy began	9 August 1903
Papacy ended	20 August 1914
Predecessor	Leo XIII
Successor	Benedict XV
Previous post(s)	Archpriest of Salzano (1867‍–‍1875) Chancellor of the Diocese of Treviso (1875‍–‍1884) Vice-Capitular of Treviso (1879‍–‍1880) Bishop of Mantova (1884‍–‍1893) Patriarch of Venice (1893‍–‍1903) Cardinal Priest of San Bernardo alle Terme (1893‍–‍1903)
Orders
Ordination	18 September 1858 by Giovanni Antonio Farina
Consecration	16 November 1884 by Lucido Parocchi
Created cardinal	12 June 1893 by Leo XIII
Rank	Cardinal priest
Personal details
Born	Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto (1835-06-02)2 June 1835 Riese, Lombardy–Venetia, Austrian Empire
Died	20 August 1914(1914-08-20) (aged 79) Apostolic Palace, Rome, Italy
Motto	Instaurare omnia in Christo (Latin for 'To restore all things in Christ')
Signature
Coat of arms
Sainthood
Feast day	21 August 3 September (General Roman Calendar 1955–1969)
Venerated in	Catholic Church
Title as Saint	Confessor
Beatified	3 June 1951 St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City by Pope Pius XII
Canonized	29 May 1954 St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City by Pope Pius XII
Patronage	Catechists Pilgrims Emigrants from Treviso First Communicants Diocese of Des Moines Archdiocese of Atlanta Diocese of Great Falls-Billings Archdiocese of Kottayam Santa Luċija, Malta Diocese of Springfield-Cape Girardeau, Missouri Archdiocese of Zamboanga Patriarchate of Venice St. Pius X Seminary Society of Saint Pius X
Ordination history
History Diaconal ordination Date 27 February 1858 Priestly ordination Ordained by Giovanni Antonio Farina Date 18 September 1858 Episcopal consecration Principal consecrator Lucido Parocchi Co-consecrators Pietro Rota Giovanni Maria Berengo Date 16 November 1884 Cardinalate Elevated by Pope Leo XIII Date 13 June 1893
Episcopal succession Bishops consecrated by Pope Pius X as principal consecrator Francesco Cherubin 20 August 1899 Giacomo Maria Radini-Tedeschi 29 January 1905 Lajos Balás de Sipek 21 December 1905 Ottokár Prohászka 21 December 1905 Gyula Zichy 21 December 1905 Charles du Pont de Ligonnès 25 February 1906 Pierre Dadolle 25 February 1906 Marie-Joseph Ollivier 25 February 1906 Adrien-Alexis Fodéré 25 February 1906 Eugène-François Touzet 25 February 1906 François-Léon Gauthey 25 February 1906 Charles-Paul Sagot du Vauroux 25 February 1906 Charles-Henri-Célestin Gibier 25 February 1906 Jean Victor Émile Chesnelong 25 February 1906 François-Xavier-Marie-Jules Gieure 25 February 1906 Félix-Adolphe-Camille-Jean-Baptiste Guillibert 25 February 1906 Alcime-Armand-Pierre-Marie Gouraud 25 February 1906 Jacques-Jean Gely 25 February 1906 Giacomo della Chiesa 22 December 1907 Gaetano De Lai 17 December 1911 Adam Stefan Sapieha 17 December 1911 Pie Armand Pierre Sabadel 17 December 1911
Other popes named Pius

Pope Benedict XV (1914–1922)

Pope Benedict XV
Bishop of Rome
Portrait by Nicola Perscheid, 1915
Church	Catholic Church
Elected	3 September 1914
Papacy began	6 September 1914
Papacy ended	22 January 1922
Predecessor	Pius X
Successor	Pius XI
Previous post(s)	Undersecretary of State (1901‍–‍1907) Archbishop of Bologna (1907‍–‍1914) Cardinal Priest of Santi Quattro Coronati (1914)
Orders
Ordination	21 December 1878 by Raffaele Monaco La Valletta
Consecration	22 December 1907 by Pius X
Created cardinal	25 May 1914 by Pius X
Rank	Cardinal priest
Personal details
Born	Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa (1854-11-21)21 November 1854 Pegli, Kingdom of Sardinia
Died	22 January 1922(1922-01-22) (aged 67) Apostolic Palace, Rome, Italy
Motto	In Te, Domine, speravi; non confundar in aeternum (Latin for 'In Thee, o Lord, have I trusted; let me not be confounded for evermore')
Signature
Coat of arms
Ordination history
History Priestly ordination Ordained by Raffaele Monaco La Valletta Date 21 December 1878 Episcopal consecration Principal consecrator Pope Pius X Co-consecrators Teodoro Valfre di Bonzo Pietro Balestra Date 22 December 1907 Cardinalate Elevated by Pope Pius X Date 25 May 1914
Episcopal succession Bishops consecrated by Pope Benedict XV as principal consecrator Antonio Lega 21 June 1914 Sebastiano Nicotra 6 January 1917 Eugenio Pacelli 13 May 1917 Willem Marinus van Rossum 19 May 1918 Ersilio Menzani 25 January 1921 Federico Tedeschini 5 May 1921 Carlo Cremonesi 8 January 1922
Other popes named Benedict

Pope Pius XI (1922–1939)

Pope Pius XI
Bishop of Rome
Portrait by Nicola Perscheid, 1922
Church	Catholic Church
Elected	6 February 1922
Papacy began	12 February 1922
Papacy ended	10 February 1939
Predecessor	Benedict XV
Successor	Pius XII
Previous post(s)	Chief of the Ambrosian Library (1907‍–‍1914) Vice-Prefect of the Vatican Library (1914‍–‍1915) Prefect of the Vatican Library (1915‍–‍1919) Titular Archbishop of Naupactus (1919‍–‍1921) Apostolic Nuncio to Poland (1919‍–‍1921) Titular Archbishop of Adana (April‍–‍June 1921) Archbishop of Milan (1921‍–‍1922) Cardinal Priest of Santi Silvestro e Martino ai Monti (1921‍–‍1922)
Orders
Ordination	20 December 1879 by Raffaele Monaco La Valletta
Consecration	28 October 1919 by Aleksander Kakowski
Created cardinal	13 June 1921 by Benedict XV
Rank	Cardinal priest
Personal details
Born	Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti (1857-05-31)31 May 1857 Desio, Lombardy–Venetia, Austrian Empire
Died	10 February 1939(1939-02-10) (aged 81) Apostolic Palace, Vatican City
Education	Pontifical Gregorian University (ThD, JCD, PhD)
Motto	Pax Christi in Regno Christi (Latin for 'The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ') Raptim transit (Latin for 'It goes by swiftly')
Signature
Coat of arms
Ordination history
History Priestly ordination Ordained by Raffaele Monaco La Valletta Date 20 December 1879 Episcopal consecration Principal consecrator Aleksander Kakowski Co-consecrators Józef Sebastian Pelczar Stanisław Kazimierz Zdzitowiecki Date 28 October 1919 Cardinalate Elevated by Pope Benedict XV Date 13 June 1921
Episcopal succession Bishops consecrated by Pope Pius XI as principal consecrator Oreste Giorgi 27 April 1924 Michele Lega 11 July 1926 Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster 21 July 1929
Other popes named Pius

Pope Pius XII (1939–1958)

Pope Venerable Pius XII
Bishop of Rome
Portrait by Michael Pitcairn, 1951
Church	Catholic Church
Elected	2 March 1939
Papacy began	12 March 1939
Papacy ended	9 October 1958
Predecessor	Pius XI
Successor	John XXIII
Previous post(s)	Pro-Secretary of the Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs (1912‍–‍1914) Secretary of the Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs (1914‍–‍1917) Titular Archbishop of Sardes (1917‍–‍1929) Apostolic Nuncio to Bavaria (1917‍–‍1925) Apostolic Nuncio to Germany (1920‍–‍1930) Apostolic Nuncio to Prussia (1926‍–‍1929) Cardinal Priest of Santi Giovanni e Paolo al Celio (1929‍–‍1939) Prefect of the Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs (1930‍–‍1939) Cardinal Secretary of State (1930‍–‍1939) Archpriest of St. Peter's Basilica (1930‍–‍1939) Camerlengo of the Apostolic Chamber (1935‍–‍1939)
Orders
Ordination	2 April 1899 by Francesco di Paola Cassetta
Consecration	13 May 1917 by Benedict XV
Created cardinal	16 December 1929 by Pius XI
Rank	Cardinal priest
Personal details
Born	Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (1876-03-02)2 March 1876 Rome, Italy
Died	9 October 1958(1958-10-09) (aged 82) Castel Gandolfo, Italy
Education	Almo Collegio Capranica Pontifical Gregorian University Pontifical Roman Athenaeum Saint Apollinare Sapienza University of Rome
Motto	Opus justitiae pax (Latin for 'The work of justice [shall be] peace')
Signature
Coat of arms
Sainthood
Venerated in	Catholic Church
Attributes	Papal vestments Papal tiara Pectoral cross
Ordination history
History Priestly ordination Ordained by Francesco di Paola Cassetta Date 2 April 1899 Episcopal consecration Principal consecrator Pope Benedict XV Co-consecrators Agostino Zampini Giovanni di Corneliano Date 13 May 1917 Place St. Peter's Basilica, Rome Cardinalate Elevated by Pope Pius XI Date 16 December 1929
Episcopal succession Bishops consecrated by Pope Pius XII as principal consecrator Michel d'Herbigny 29 March 1926 Giuseppe Pizzardo 27 April 1930 Luigi Centoz 14 February 1932 Francis Spellman 8 September 1932 Albert Levame 4 February 1934 Saverio Ritter 11 August 1935 Maurilio Silvani 13 September 1936 Eugène Tisserant 25 July 1937 Francesco Cialeo 29 October 1939 Carlo Confalonieri 4 May 1941
Other popes named Pius

Pope John XXIII (1958–1963)

Pope Saint John XXIII
Bishop of Rome
Official portrait, 1958–1963
Church	Catholic Church
Elected	28 October 1958
Papacy began	4 November 1958
Papacy ended	3 June 1963
Predecessor	Pius XII
Successor	Paul VI
Previous post(s)	Titular Archbishop of Areopolis (1925‍–‍1934) Apostolic Visitor to Bulgaria (1925‍–‍1931) Apostolic Delegate to Bulgaria (1931‍–‍1934) Titular Archbishop of Mesembria (1934‍–‍1953) Apostolic Delegate to Turkey (1934‍–‍1944) Apostolic Delegate to Greece (1934‍–‍1944) Apostolic Nuncio to France (1944‍–‍1953) Cardinal Priest of Santa Prisca (1953‍–‍1958) Patriarch of Venice (1953‍–‍1958)
Orders
Ordination	10 August 1904 by Giuseppe Ceppetelli
Consecration	19 March 1925 by Giovanni Tacci Porcelli
Created cardinal	12 January 1953 by Pius XII
Rank	Cardinal priest
Personal details
Born	Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (1881-11-25)25 November 1881 Sotto il Monte, Italy
Died	3 June 1963(1963-06-03) (aged 81) Apostolic Palace, Vatican City
Buried	Altar of St. Jerome, St. Peter's Basilica
Education	Pontifical Roman Athenaeum Saint Apollinare (ThD) Pontifical Roman Major Seminary (JCD)
Motto	Obedientia et pax (Latin for 'Obedience and peace')
Signature
Coat of arms
Sainthood
Feast day	11 October (Catholic Church) 3 June (Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, Anglican Church of Australia) 4 June (Episcopal Anglican Church of Brazil, Anglican Church of Canada, Scottish Episcopal Church, Episcopal Church (USA))
Venerated in	Catholic Church Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Anglican Church Palmarian Church
Beatified	3 September 2000 St. Peter's Square, Vatican City by Pope John Paul II
Canonized	27 April 2014 St. Peter's Square, Vatican City by Pope Francis
Attributes	Papal tiara Papal vestments Camauro
Patronage	Papal delegates Second Vatican Council Patriarchate of Venice Christian unity Diocese of Bergamo Sotto il Monte Valsamoggia Italian Army
Ordination history
History Priestly ordination Ordained by Giuseppe Ceppetelli Date 10 August 1904 Place Santa Maria in Montesanto, Rome Episcopal consecration Principal consecrator Giovanni Tacci Porcelli Co-consecrators Giuseppe Palica Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani Date 19 March 1925 Place Sant'Ambrogio e Carlo al Corso, Rome Cardinalate Elevated by Pope Pius XII Date 12 January 1953
Episcopal succession Bishops consecrated by Pope John XXIII as principal consecrator Antonio Gregorio Vuccino 25 July 1937 Alfredo Pacini 11 June 1946 Giacomo Testa 26 August 1953 Silvio Oddi 27 September 1953 Angelo Dell'Acqua 27 December 1958 Albino Luciani 27 December 1958 Domenico Tardini 27 December 1958 Charles Msakila 27 December 1958 James Hagan 8 May 1960 Pericle Felici 28 October 1960 Alfredo Ottaviani 19 April 1962 Alberto di Jorio 19 April 1962 Augustin Bea 19 April 1962 Enrico Dante 21 September 1962 Pietro Palazzini 21 September 1962 Paul-Pierre Philippe 21 September 1962
Other popes named John

Pope Paul VI (1963–1978)

Pope Saint Paul VI
Bishop of Rome
Official portrait, 1969
Church	Catholic Church
Elected	21 June 1963
Papacy began	30 June 1963
Papacy ended	6 August 1978
Predecessor	John XXIII
Successor	John Paul I
Previous post(s)	Referendary Prelate of the Apostolic Signatura (1926‍–‍1938) Substitute for General Affairs (1937‍–‍1953) Pro-Secretary for Ordinary Affairs of Secretariat of State (1953‍–‍1954) Archbishop of Milan (1954‍–‍1963) Cardinal Priest of Santi Silvestro e Martino ai Monti (1958‍–‍1963)
Orders
Ordination	29 May 1920 by Giacinto Gaggia
Consecration	12 December 1954 by Eugène Tisserant
Created cardinal	15 December 1958 by John XXIII
Rank	Cardinal priest
Personal details
Born	Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini (1897-09-26)26 September 1897 Concesio, Italy
Died	6 August 1978(1978-08-06) (aged 80) Castel Gandolfo, Italy
Buried	Vatican Grottoes, St. Peter's Basilica
Education	University of Milan (JCD)
Motto	Cum Ipso in monte sancto (Latin for 'With Him on the holy mountain') In nomine Domini (Latin for 'In the name of the Lord')
Signature
Coat of arms
Sainthood
Feast day	29 May 30 May (Ambrosian Rite)
Venerated in	Catholic Church
Title as Saint	Confessor
Beatified	19 October 2014 St. Peter's Square, Vatican City by Pope Francis
Canonized	14 October 2018 St. Peter's Square, Vatican City by Pope Francis
Attributes	Papal tiara Papal vestments Pallium
Patronage	Archdiocese of Milan Paul VI Pontifical Institute Second Vatican Council Diocese of Brescia Concesio Magenta Paderno Dugnano
Ordination history
History Diaconal ordination Date 28 February 1920 Place Concesio, Brescia Priestly ordination Ordained by Giacinto Gaggia Date 29 May 1920 Place Concesio, Brescia Episcopal consecration Principal consecrator Eugène Tisserant Co-consecrators Giacinto Tredici Domenico Bernareggi Date 12 December 1954 Place St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City Cardinalate Elevated by Pope John XXIII Date 15 December 1958
Episcopal succession Bishops consecrated by RyanW1995/sandbox 2 as principal consecrator Giuseppe Schiavini 22 May 1955 Cesário Alexandre Minali 5 June 1955 Ubaldo Teofano Stella 3 October 1955 Domenico Enrici 1 November 1955 Aristide Pirovano 13 November 1955 Adolfo Luís Bossi 14 September 1958 Antonio Fustella 25 June 1960 Giovanni Umberto Colombo 7 December 1960 Luigi Oldani 7 December 1961 Francesco Rossi 26 May 1963 Igino Eugenio Cardinale 20 October 1963 Albert Reuben Edward Thomas 20 October 1963 Giovanni Fallani 28 June 1964 Johannes Willebrands 28 June 1964 Leobard D'Souza 3 December 1964 Ferdinando Giuseppe Antonelli 19 March 1966 Giacomo Violardo 19 March 1966 Loris Francesco Capovilla 16 July 1967 Agostino Casaroli 16 July 1967 Ernesto Civardi 16 July 1967 Paul Marcinkus 6 January 1969 Louis Vangeke 3 December 1970 Annibale Bugnini 13 February 1972 Giuseppe Casoria 13 February 1972 Enrico Bartolucci Panaroni 29 June 1973 Jean Jerome Hamer 29 June 1973 Andrzej Maria Deskur 30 June 1974 Nicola Rotunno 30 June 1974
Other popes named Paul