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2023 United States federal election

March 16, 2023
870 seats in the House of representatives 436 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout	64.1% (2.5pp)
First party Second party Third party   Leader Marco Rubio Kamala Harris Donald Trump Party Republican Social Democratic MAGA Leader since September 2, 2017 July 21, 2022 September 14, 2013 Leader's seat Hialeah Oakland Staten Island-Bay Ridge Last election 272 seats, 30.25% 346 seats, 36.46% 59 seats, 8.68% Seats before 272 346 59 Seats won 319 251 80 Seat change 47 95 21 Popular vote 50,223,094 43,037,281 17,149,728 Percentage 32.36% 27.73% 11.05% Swing 2.11pp 8.68pp 2.37pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Mike Johnson Mike Bloomberg Bernie Sanders Party Constitution Liberal Democrats Democratic Socialists of America Leader since May 6, 2021 September 29, 2013 August 27, 2008 Leader's seat Shreveport List Vermont Last election 71 seats, 9.13% 80 seats, 11.92% 38 seats, 6.06% Seats before 71 80 38 Seats won 80 63 63 Seat change 9 17 25 Popular vote 15,846,038 13,424,900 12,804,095 Percentage 10.21% 8.65% 8.25% Swing 1.12pp 3.27pp 2.19pp   Seventh party   Leader Howie Hawkins Party Greens Leader since March 29, 2017 Leader's seat List Last election 6 seats, 0.94% Seats before 6 Seats won 14 Seat change 8 Popular vote 2,591,859 Percentage 1.67% Swing 0.73pp
Prime Minister before election Kamala Harris Social Democratic Prime Minister after election Marco Rubio Republican

2020 United States federal election

April 28, 2020
870 seats in the House of representatives 436 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout	66.6% (6.5pp)
First party Second party Third party   Leader Joe Biden Marco Rubio Mike Bloomberg Party Social Democratic Republican Liberal Democrats Leader since May 18, 2019 September 2, 2017 September 29, 2013 Leader's seat Delaware Hialeah List Last election 429 seats, 43.46% 242 seats, 27.77% 83 seats, 12.86% Seats before 429 242 83 Seats won 346 272 80 Seat change 83 30 3 Popular vote 57,763,443 47,924,963 18,884,812 Percentage 36.46% 30.25% 11.92% Swing 7.00pp 2.48pp 0.94pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Ted Cruz Donald Trump Bernie Sanders Party Constitution MAGA Democratic Socialists of America Leader since October 18, 2015 September 14, 2013 August 27, 2008 Leader's seat Tyler Staten Island-Bay Ridge Vermont Last election 77 seats, 9.62% 11 seats, 4.02% 28 seats, 5.06% Seats before 77 11 28 Seats won 71 59 38 Seat change 6 48 10 Popular vote 14,464,625 13,751,692 9,600,835 Percentage 9.13% 8.68% 6.06% Swing 0.49pp 4.66pp 1.00pp   Seventh party   Leader Howie Hawkins Party Greens Leader since March 29, 2017 Leader's seat List Last election 0 seats, 0.56% Seats before 0 Seats won 6 Seat change 6 Popular vote 1,489,238 Percentage 0.94% Swing 0.38 pp
Prime Minister before election Joe Biden Social Democratic Prime Minister after election Joe Biden Social Democratic

2016 United States federal election

November 8, 2016
870 seats in the House of representatives 436 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout	60.1% (1.5pp)
First party Second party Third party   Leader Barack Obama Mitt Romney Mike Bloomberg Party Social Democratic Republican Liberal Democrats Leader since December 14, 2006 June 12, 2009 September 29, 2013 Leader's seat Southside Chicago Salt Lake City List (Won) Last election 417 seats, 41.66% 248 seats, 28.67% 67 seats, 10.45% Seats before 417 248 67 Seats won 429 242 83 Seat change 12 6 16 Popular vote 59,302,104 37,892,762 17,547,746 Percentage 43.46% 27.77% 12.86% Swing 2.80pp 1.10pp 2.41pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Ted Cruz Bernie Sanders Donald Trump Party Constitution Democratic Socialists of America MAGA Leader since October 18, 2015 August 27, 2008 September 14, 2013 Leader's seat Tyler Vermont Ran in Staten Island-Bay Ridge (won) Last election 104 seats, 12.86% 24 seats, 4.55% New party Seats before 101 24 3 Seats won 77 28 11 Seat change 24 4 8 Popular vote 13,126,697 6,904,479 5,485,376 Percentage 9.62% 5.06% 4.02% Swing 3.24pp 0.51pp New party
Prime Minister before election Barack Obama Social Democratic Prime Minister after election Barack Obama Social Democratic

Italic text

2013 United States federal election

August 12, 2013
435 seats in the House of representatives 218 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout	58.6% (3.0pp)
First party Second party Third party   Leader Barack Obama Mitt Romney Mike Huckabee Party Social Democratic Republican Constitution Leader since December 14, 2006 June 12, 2009 October 1, 2007 Leader's seat Southside Chicago Salt Lake City Hope Last election 457 seats, 45.12% 267 seats, 32.14% 37 seats, 5.68% Seats before 457 265 39 Seats won 417 248 104 Seat change 40 17 65 Popular vote 53,769,588 37,003,699 16,598,101 Percentage 41.66% 28.67% 12.86% Swing 3.46pp 3.47pp 7.18pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Joe Lieberman Bernie Sanders Jill Stein Party Liberal Democrats Democratic Socialists of America Greens Leader since January 17, 2006 August 27, 2008 June 9, 2011 Leader's seat Stamford Vermont List Last election 83 seats, 12.63% 13 seats, 1.78% 13 seats, 4.56% Seats before 84 13 12 Seats won 67 24 10 Seat change 17 11 2 Popular vote 13,487,571 5,872,579 3,239,598 Percentage 10.45% 2.32% 2.51% Swing 2.18pp 2.77pp 0.19 pp
Prime Minister before election Barack Obama Social Democratic Prime Minister after election Barack Obama Social Democratic

First Obama ministry
Cabinet of the United States
2009–2013
Obama in April 2009
Date formed	2 April 2009 (2009-04-02)
Date dissolved	12 August 2013 (2013-08-12)
People and organizations
President	Jimmy Carter
Prime Minister	Barack Obama
Prime Minister's history	Premiership of Barack Obama
Deputy Prime Minister	Joe Biden
Member party	SDP
Status in legislature	Majority 457 / 870 (53%)
Opposition cabinet	Bush Shadow Cabinet Romney Shadow Cabinet
Opposition party	Republican Party
Opposition leader	George W Bush (2009) Mitt Romney (2009–2013)
History
Election	2009 federal election
Outgoing election	2013 federal election
Legislature terms	52nd UK Parliament
Budgets	2010 budget 2011 budget 2012 budget 2013 budget
Predecessor	Second Bush Ministry
Successor	Second Obama Ministry

2009 United States federal election

March 21, 2009
870 seats in the House of Representatives 436 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout	61.6% (1.5pp)
First party Second party Third party   Leader Barack Obama George W Bush Joe Lieberman Party Social Democratic Republican Liberal Democrats Leader since December 14, 2006 May 27, 1998 January 17, 2006 Leader's seat Southside Chicago Midlands Stamford Last election 291 seats, 29.47% 403 seats, 41.84% 123 seats, 19.63% Seats before 295 400 121 Seats won 457 267 83 Seat change 162 133 38 Popular vote 59,232,681 42,192,784 16,580,425 Percentage 45.12% 32.14% 12.63% Swing 14.65pp 9.70pp 7.00pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Mike Huckabee Ralph Nader Bernie Sanders Party Constitution Greens Democratic Socialists of America Leader since October 1, 2007 September 14, 1994 August 27, 2008 Leader's seat Ran in Hope (Won) Hartford Vermont Last election 20 seats, 3.71% 27 seats, 4.56% 6 seats, 0.89% Seats before 20 27 7 Seats won 37 13 13 Seat change 17 14 6 Popular vote 7,456,596 3,045,652 2,336,750 Percentage 5.68% 2.32% 1.78% Swing 1.97pp 1.94 pp 0.89pp
Prime Minister before election George W Bush Republican Prime Minister after election Barack Obama Social Democratic

2006 Social Democratic Party of America
Leadership election

December 14, 2006

Candidate Barack Obama John Edwards Caucus vote 935 589 Percentage 51.65% 32.56% Seat South Side Chicago (Il) Raleigh (NC) Faction Soft Left Soft Left   Candidate John Kerry Dennis Kucinich Caucus vote 237 48 Percentage 13.10% 2.65% Seat Cambridge (MA) Parma-Cleveland West (OH) Faction Right Hard Left

Leader before election Howard Dean Elected Leader Barack Obama

Deputy leadership election

Candidate Joe Biden Caucus vote Unopposed Seat Delaware (DE) Faction Right

Deputy Leader before election Tom Daschle Deputy Leader after election Joe Biden

2005 United States federal election

January 9, 2005
870 seats in the House of Commons 436 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout	60.1% (5.9pp)
First party Second party Third party   Leader George W Bush Howard Dean Mary Landrieu Party Republican Social Democratic Liberal Democrats Leader since May 27, 1998 January 23, 2003 July 11, 2001 Leader's seat Midlands Vermont Lafayette Last election 330 seats, 36.84% 264 seats, 26.62% 206 seats, 25.25% Seats before 333 266 201 Seats won 403 291 123 Seat change 70 25 78 Popular vote 45,518,327 36,040,438 24,006,576 Percentage 41.84% 29.47% 19.63% Swing 5.00pp 6.85pp 5.62pp   Fourth party Fifth party   Leader Ralph Nader Tom Tancredo Party Greens Constitution Leader since September 14, 1994 September 16, 2000 Leader's seat Hartford Colorado Springs Last election 13 seats, 2.03% 27 seats, 2.71% Seats before 13 27 Seats won 27 20 Seat change 14 7 Popular vote 5,539,979 7,456,596 Percentage 4.56% 2.71% Swing 2.53 pp 2.97pp
Prime Minister before election George W Bush Republican Prime Minister after election George W Bush Republican

2001 United States federal election

April 25, 2001
435 seats in the House of Commons 218 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout	60.1% (5.9pp)
First party Second party Third party   Leader George W Bush Paul Wellstone Al Gore Party Republican Social Democratic Liberal Democrats Leader since May 27, 1998 March 15, 1993 July 29, 1999 Leader's seat Midlands Minneapolis Nashville Last election 113 seats, 23.30% 104 seats, 18.42% 184 seats, 27.25% Seats before 113 104 184 Seats won 170 148 96 seats Seat change 57 44 88 Popular vote 45,518,327 36,040,438 24,006,576 Percentage 36.84% 26.62% 25.25% Swing 13.38pp 2.44pp 5.62pp   Fourth party Fifth party   Leader Tom Tancredo Ralph Nader Party Constitution Greens Leader since September 16, 2000 September 14, 1994 Leader's seat Colorado Springs Hartford Last election 30 seats, 9.71% 2 seats, 2.03% Seats before 30 2 Seats won 15 4 Seat change 15 2 Popular vote 7,456,596 5,539,979 Percentage 2.71% 2.03 Swing 2.97pp 2.53 pp
Prime Minister before election Al Gore Liberal Democratic Prime Minister after election George W Bush Republican

2009 Republican Party
leadership election

May 27, 1998

Candidate George W Bush John McCain Orrin Hatch First ballot 833 (47.87%) 628 (36.09%) 279 (16.03%) Second ballot 916 (52.64%) 824 (47.36%) Eliminated Seat Midlands (TX) Phoenix (AZ) Utah-West (UT) Faction Soft Right Liberal Liberal

Leader before election Dan Quayle Elected Leader George W Bush

1996 American federal election

November 3, 1996 (1996-11-03)
435 seats in the House of Representatives 218 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout	49.0% (9.1pp)
First party Second party   Leader Bill Clinton Dan Quayle Party Liberal Democrats Republican Leader since March 14, 1988 March 20, 1994 Leader's seat Little Rock Terre Haute-Plainsville Last election 232 seats, 42.85% 110 seats, 32.63%1 Seats before 232 110 Seats won 224 92 Seat change 8 18 Popular vote 4,982,220 4,019,498 Percentage 41.73% 28.63% Swing 1.12pp 4.0pp   Third party Fourth party   Leader Paul Wellstone Pat Buchanan Party Social Democratic Constitution Leader since March 15, 1993 January 24, 1990 Leader's seat Minneapolis Leesburg Last election 60 seats, 10.72% 31 seats, 12.98% Seats before 60 31 Seats won 88 28 Seat change 28 3 Popular vote 1,680,109 2,127,403 Percentage 15.39% 11.68% Swing 4.67pp 1.3pp
Prime Minister before election Bill Clinton Liberal Prime Minister after election Bill Clinton Liberal

1992 American federal election

November 3, 1992 (1992-11-03)
435 seats in the House of Representatives 218 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout	58.1% (5.3pp)
First party Second party   Leader Bill Clinton George HW Bush Party Liberal Democrats Republican Leader since March 14, 1988 June 16, 1988 Leader's seat Little Rock Connecticut-Northwest Last election 113 seats, 27.3% 210 seats, 38.2% Seats before 116 210 Seats won 232 110 Seat change 116 100 Popular vote 45,789,890 30,940,808 Percentage 42.85% 32.63% Swing 15.55pp 5.57pp   Third party Fourth party   Leader Michael Dukakis Pat Buchanan Party Social Democratic Constitution Leader since November 9, 1989 January 24, 1990 Leader's seat Cambridge Leesburg Last election 85 seats, 25.1% 23 seats, 10.8% Seats before 83 23 Seats won 60 31 Seat change 23 8 Popular vote 11,204,687 8,886,476 Percentage 10.72% 12.98% Swing 14.3pp 2.18pp
Prime Minister before election George HW Bush Republican Prime Minister after election Bill Clinton Liberal Democratic

1989 United States general election

January 21, 1989
All 435 seats to the House of Representatives 218 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout	52.8% 2.4 pp
First party Second party Third party   Leader George HW Bush Bill Clinton Dick Gephardt Party Republican Liberal Democrats Social Democratic Leader since June 16, 1988 March 14, 1988 November 14 1986 Leader's seat Connecticut-Northwest Little Rock St Louis-South Last election 241 seats, 42.8% 79 seats, 24.0% 73 seats, 23.9% Seats before 239 86 73 Seats won 210 113 85 Seat change 29 27 12 Popular vote 34,989,170 22,236,776 22,144,123 Percentage 38.2 27.3% 25.1% Swing 4.6 pp 3.3 pp 1.2 pp   Fourth party Fifth party   Leader Pat Robertson Michael Harrington Party State's Rights Democratic Socialists of America Leader since Spetember 20, 1987 January 9, 1974 Leader's seat Vriginia-Southwest Astoria Last election 37 seats, 10.8% 5 seats, 2.8% Seats before 34 5 Seats won 23 4 Seat change 11 1 Popular vote 10,006,549 10,006,549 Percentage 8.8% 2.4% Swing 1.0 pp 0.4 pp
Prime Minister before election George HW Bush Republican Prime Minister after election George HW Bush Republican

1984 United States general election

November 6, 1984
All 435 seats to the House of Representatives 218 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout	55.2% 1.0 pp
First party Second party Third party   Leader Ronald Reagan Gary Hart Walter Mondale Party Republican Liberal Democrats Social Democratic Leader since July 6, 1977 August 18 1981 November 14 1975 Leader's seat Anaheim Denver Minneapolis Last election 257 seats, 46.7% 71 seats, 20.3% 80 seats, 24.7% Seats before 255 73 79 Seats won 241 79 73 Seat change 14 6 6 Popular vote 39,655,584 22,236,776 22,144,123 Percentage 42.8 24.0% 23.9% Swing 3.9 pp 3.7 pp 0.8 pp   Fourth party Fifth party   Leader Jesse Helms Michael Harrington Party State's Rights Democratic Socialists of America Leader since June 9, 1978 January 9,1974 Leader's seat Monroe-Wadeboro Astoria Last election 25 seats, 7.2% 2 seats, 1.2% Seats before 26 2 Seats won 37 5 Seat change 11 3 Popular vote 10,006,549 2,594,291 Percentage 10.8% 2.8% Swing 3.6 pp 1.6 pp
Prime Minister before election Ronald Reagan Republican Prime Minister after election Ronald Reagan Republican

1971 United States federal election

October 17, 1971
435 seats in the House of Representatives 218 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout	76.7% (1.0pp)
First party Second party Third party   Leader Robert F Kennedy Spiro Agnew George Wallace Party Social Democratic Republican State's Rights Leader since March 6, 1964 July 20, 1969 October 9, 1960 Leader's seat Bronxville-White Plains Towson Montgomery Last election 240 seats, 43.78% 104 seats, 28.19% 43 seats, 7.55%1 Seats before 240 104 43 Seats won 225 140 43 Seat change 11 36 Popular vote 3,717,804 3,388,980 730,759 Percentage 40.56% 32.19% 7.55% Swing 4.59pp 2.17pp 0.32pp   Fourth party Fifth party   Leader John Lindsay Gus Hall Party Liberal Democrats CPUSA Leader since September 2, 1966 September 17, 1956 Leader's seat Southampton Ran in Duluth Last election 48 seats, 17.83% 0 seats, 0.37% Seats before 48 0 Seats won 26 1 Seat change 22 1 Popular vote 1,725,719 5,985,454 Percentage 17.83% 1.02% Swing 3.87pp 0.95 pp
Prime Minister before election Robert F Kennedy Social Democratic Prime Minister after election Robert F Kennedy Social Democratic

1968 United States federal election

November 5, 1968
435 seats in the House of Representatives 218 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout	76.7% (1.0pp)
First party Second party   Leader Robert F Kennedy Gerald Ford Party Social Democratic Republican Leader since March 6, 1964 May 17, 1967 Leader's seat Bronxville-White Plains Grand Rapids Last election 251 seats, 48.37% 88 seats, 26.02% Seats before 251 90 Seats won 240 104 Seat change 11 14 Popular vote 3,717,804 3,388,980 Percentage 43.78% 28.19% Swing 4.59pp 2.17pp   Third party Fourth party   Leader John Lindsay George Wallace Party Liberal Democrats State's Rights Leader since September 2, 1966 October 9, 1960 Leader's seat Southampton Montgomery Last election 53 seats, 17.83% 43 seats, 7.55%1 Seats before 53 43 Seats won 48 43 Seat change 5 Popular vote 1,725,719 730,759 Percentage 17.83% 7.55% Swing 3.87pp 0.32pp
Prime Minister before election Robert F Kennedy Social Democratic Prime Minister after election Robert F Kennedy Social Democratic

1965 United States federal election

January 30, 1965
435 seats in the House of Represenatives 218 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout	76.7% (1.0pp)
First party Second party   Leader Robert F Kennedy Barry Goldwater Party Social Democratic Republican Leader since March 6, 1964 December 9, 1963 Leader's seat Bronxville-White Plains Maricopa Last election 137 seats, 36.25% 209 seats, 38.36% Seats before 137 209 Seats won 251 88 Seat change 114 121 Popular vote 3,717,804 3,388,980 Percentage 48.37% 26.02% Swing 12.12pp 12.34pp   Third party Fourth party   Leader William Scranton George Wallace Party Liberal Democrats American Independent Leader since April 24, 1958 October 9, 1960 Leader's seat Harrisburg Ran in Montgomery (Won) Last election 43 seats, 14.96% 46 seats, 7.23%1 Seats before 43 46 Seats won 53 43 Seat change 10 3 Popular vote 1,725,719 730,759 Percentage 17.83% 7.55% Swing 3.87pp 0.32pp
Prime Minister before election Barry Goldwater Republican Prime Minister after election Robert F Kennedy Social Democratic

1899 United States general election

May 5, 1899
All 357 seats in the House of Commons 179 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	3,260,696 75.1% (3.3 pp)
First party Second party   Leader William McKinley William Jennings Bryan Party Republican Democratic Leader since April 1894 December 1896 Leader's seat Albany Omaha Last election 200 seats, 49.3% 115 seats, 45.6% Seats won 166 138 Seat change 44 23 Popular vote 1,637,683 1,469,500 Percentage 50.2% 45.1% Swing 0.9 pp 0.5 pp   Third party Fourth party   Leader John M Palmer Eugene Debs Party Liberal Social Democratic Leader since 6 February 1896 28 February 1898 Leader's seat Springfield Fort Wayne Last election 42 seats, 3.9% Did not contest Seats won 51 2 Seat change 9 2 Popular vote 57,576 41,900 Percentage 1.8% 1.3% Swing 2.1 pp New party
Prime Minister before election Marquess of Salisbury Conservative Prime Minister after election Marquess of Salisbury Conservative