Olenya airbase
| Olenya Olenegorsk/Vysokiy  | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Оленегорск/Высокий | |||||||
| Olenegorsk, Murmansk Oblast in Russia | |||||||
 Satellite imagery of Olenya air base | |||||||
| Site information | |||||||
| Type | Air Base | ||||||
| Owner | Ministry of Defence | ||||||
| Operator | Russian Aerospace Forces | ||||||
| Controlled by | Long-Range Aviation | ||||||
| Location | |||||||
  Olenya Shown within Murmansk Oblast  Olenya Olenya (Russia) | |||||||
| Coordinates | 68°09′06″N 33°27′54″E / 68.15167°N 33.46500°E | ||||||
| Site history | |||||||
| In use | 1957 - present | ||||||
| Airfield information | |||||||
| Identifiers | ICAO: XLMO | ||||||
| Elevation | 214 metres (702 ft) AMSL | ||||||
| |||||||
Olenya (also Olenegorsk) is a major Russian Navy reconnaissance base, located on the Kola Peninsula 92 km south of Murmansk. As of 2020, units at the base were subordinate to the Long-Range Aviation branch of the Russian Aerospace Forces.[1] The base and its staff settlement (Vysoky, Murmansk Oblast), across Lake Permusozero from the city of Olenegorsk, are served by the Olenegorsk rail station (formerly Olenya station). Olenya has served as the headquarters for five MRAD (Naval Reconnaissance Air Division), and has hosted two reconnaissance regiments. Its 3500-meter runway is the longest on the Kola Peninsula, making it a key facility for intercontinental flights across the North Atlantic basin.
The base is home to the 40th Composite Aviation Regiment as part of the 22nd Guards Heavy Bomber Aviation Division.[2]
History
[edit]Olenya was first detected by US intelligence in 1957, and was listed as having a runway length of 3350 m (11,000 ft).[3] The base served as a forward deployment field for Long Range Aviation and was one of nine Arctic staging facilities for nuclear strikes on the United States.[4] An analysis in 1966 revealed 21 Tupolev Tu-16 Badger aircraft.[5] Near the airfield is the Olenegorsk Radar Station ballistic missile early warning site, which entered service in 1971. A number of surface-to-air missile sites were operational near Olenya during the Cold War.[6] During the 1960s and 1970s, Olenya was used as a refueling stop on the Moscow to Havana Tupolev Tu-114 route.
As of 2006, Google Earth imagery showed nearly 40 Tupolev Tu-22M bombers on the airfield, but by 2018 only four of the aircraft appeared serviceable with another 27 aircraft awaiting disposal.
On 7 October 2022, satellite photos showed 7 Tu-160 and 4 Tu-95 at the air base.[7][8]
Stationed units
[edit]Units stationed at the airfield during the Cold War included:[9]
- 924th Naval Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment (924 MRAP), operating Tupolev Tu-22M aircraft
- 88th Separate Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment (88 OMAPIB), operating Mikoyan MiG-27 aircraft, disbanded August 1995.[10]
- Operational Group Arctic (OGA), maintaining standby facilities for Tupolev Tu-95 bomber aircraft
In 2020, the Tu-22M3-based unit may now be the 40th Mixed Aviation Regiment[11] operating in both a maritime-attack and land-strike role.
Notable events
[edit]The Tu-95V aircraft carrying the Tsar Bomba, the most powerful nuclear weapon ever detonated, took off from the airbase on 30 October 1961.[12]
After a training flight on 22 January 2019, a Tu-22M3 broke up upon making a hard landing in inclement weather at the airbase. Two of the four crew members died in the crash, and a third died on his way to the hospital.[13][14][15]
According to TASS, the first test launch of the Kh-47M2 Kinzhal ("dagger", a nuclear-capable air-launched ballistic missile) in the Arctic took place mid-November 2019 from the airbase. Reportedly, the launch was carried out by a MiG-31K, where the missile hit a ground target at Pemboy proving ground, reaching a speed of Mach 10.[16]
Russo-Ukrainian War
[edit]In July 2024 Ukraine's Main Directorate of Intelligence claimed they attacked the base with a drone and hit a Tu-22M3 bomber. The attack is not confirmed by independent sources.[17]
On 1 June 2025, as part of Operation Spider's Web, a swarm of Ukrainian short-range drones attacked the airbase, causing multiple explosions and fire. First-person videos published on various social media platforms, showing drones attacking various Tupolev long-range bombers. A similar attack targeted the Belaya, Ivanovo Severny, and Dyagilevo air bases at the same time.[18]
See also
[edit]- List of military airbases in Russia
- Olenya Bay which is located at 69°13′N 33°23′E / 69.217°N 33.383°E and is 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) northwest of the Russian Shipyard Number 10 at Polyarny and was known as the "Olenya Guba Submarine Base, Olenya Bay, USSR" during the Soviet era[19]
References
[edit]- ^ "Russian Military Forces: Interactive Map".
- ^ "Russian Air Force - Olenegorsk/Vysokiy (--)". www.scramble.nl. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
- ^ Cable, October 22, 1957, CIA-RDP61S00750A000400020092-3, Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, DC, 1957.
- ^ STRATEGIC ARMS LIMITATIONS RELATED ACTIVITIES SUMMARY REPORT (SANITIZED), June 1, 1980, CREST: CIA-RDP80T01355A000100140001-2, Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, DC.
- ^ OLENEGORSK AIRFIELD, USSR (Sanitized), CIA-RDP78T05161A001300010042-9, Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, DC, June 1, 1966.
- ^ OLENEGORSK SAM SITE BO6-0 USSR, CIA-RDP78T05439A000500280082-0, Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, DC, August 1, 1965
- ^ "Faktisk.no: Satellittbilder viser 11 strategiske bombefly 20 mil fra Norge". Tu.no (in Norwegian). Teknisk Ukeblad. 12 October 2022. Archived from the original on 12 October 2022.
- ^ en.defence-ua.com: Russian Tu-95MS, Tu-160 Strategic Bombers are Currently Deployed in the Very Spot to Simultaneously Threaten Ukraine and NATO (Photo)
- ^ "Aviatsiya VMF". Aviabaza KPOI.
- ^ "88th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment". Retrieved 1 June 2025.
- ^ "Russian Military Forces: Interactive Map". www.gfsis.org.
- ^ "1961_1130 Испытания водородной бомбы. Полный фильм - YouTube". YouTube. Event occurs at 8:58. Retrieved 6 June 2025.
- ^ "Three servicemen die in Tu-22 bomber incident at airfield near Kaluga". TASS. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ "One crewmember survives incident with Tu-22M3 bomber near Kaluga, says source". TASS. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ Rogoway, Tyler (26 January 2019). "Dramatic Video Of Russian Tu-22M3 Crash Landing In Bad Weather Emerges (Updated)". The Drive. Archived from the original on 27 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
- ^ "Источники: испытания гиперзвуковой ракеты "Кинжал" впервые проведены в Арктике". TASS (in Russian). 30 November 2019. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
- ^ "Ukrainian drone hit Tu-22M3 bomber at Olenya airfield, intel report claims". The Independent Barents Observer. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
- ^ "Russian Key Strategic Airbases Under Massive Attacks. Here's What We Know". UNITED24 Media. 1 June 2025. Retrieved 1 June 2025.
- ^ National Photographic Interpretation Center (17 January 2006) [May 1964]. "Olenya Guba Submarine Base, Olenya Bay, USSR" (PDF). Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2017. Retrieved 3 February 2025.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Olenya Air Base at Wikimedia Commons