Zoznam najväčších hviezd

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Zoznamy hviezduprav

Toto je zoznam najväčších známych hviezd, zoradených podľa polomeru, uvedeného v násobkoch polomeru Slnka (1 R = 695 700 km[1]). Obežné dráhy planét sú uvedené len pre informáciu.

Presné poradie tohto zoznamu nie je úplne správne, pretože v súčasnosti pretrvávajú veľké neistoty, najmä pri odvodzovaní rôznych dôležitých parametrov používaných pri výpočtoch, ako je hviezdna svietivosť a efektívna teplota. Hviezdne polomery sa často dajú vyjadriť iba ako priemerná hodnota alebo vo veľkom rozsahu hodnôt. Hodnoty hviezdnych polomerov sú vo viacerých zdrojoch veľmi odlišné, väčšinou je to kvôli tomu, že hranice veľmi jemnej atmosféry (opacity) sa značne líšia v závislosti od vlnovej dĺžky svetla, v ktorej je hviezda pozorovaná.

Polomery niekoľkých hviezd sa dajú získať priamo pomocou hviezdnej interferometrie. Iné metódy môžu využívať zákryty Mesiacom alebo zo zákrytových dvojhviezd, ktoré sa môžu použiť na testovanie iných nepriamych metód zisťovania skutočnej veľkosti hviezd. Len zopár veľkých hviezd leží na ekliptike, čiže ich môže zakryť Mesiac, napríklad Aldebaran a Antares. Príklady zákrytových dvojhviezd sú Almaaz, VV Cephei a HR 5171.





Zoznam[upraviť | upraviť zdroj]

Názov hviezdy Polomer
(Slnko = 1)
Metóda Poznámky
Stephenson 2-18 2 150[2] L/Teff Nachádza sa v masívnej otvorenej hviezdokope Stephenson 2
LGGS J004539.99+415404.1 1 980[3] (– 2 377[4]) L/Teff Nachádza sa v Galaxii Andromeda
Obežná dráha Saturnu 1 940 – 2 169 Uvedené pre porovnanie
MSX LMC 597 (W60 A27) 1 882 – 1 953[5] L/Teff Nachádza sa vo Veľkom Magellanovom mraku
LGGS J004520.67+414717.3 1 870[3] (– 2 510[4]) L/Teff Nachádza sa v Galaxii Andromeda
UY Scuti 1 708 ± 192[6] AD Táto hodnota bola stanovená na základe zdanlivých rozmerov a vzdialenosti hviezdy. Odhad stanovený pomocou družice Gaia je však len 755 R.[7] Avšak paralaxa nameraná družicou Gaia býva často menej presná kvôli astrometrickému rušeniu.[8]
LGGS J003919.11+404319.2 1 685[9] L/Teff Nachádza sa v Galaxii Andromeda
WOH S71 (LMC 23095) 1 662[10] – 1 896[11]
HV 2242 (WOH S69) 1 645[11] L/Teff Nachádza sa vo Veľkom Magellanovom mraku
WOH G64 1 540[12] (– 2 575[13]) L/Teff Nachádza sa vo Veľkom Magellanovom mraku
RW Cephei 1 535[14][15]
Westerlund 1-26 1 530 – 1 580[16]
(– 2 550[2][17])
L/Teff Nachádza sa v masívnej otvorenej hviezdokope Westerlund 1
RSGC1-F02 1 498[18] L/Teff
HD 143183 1 469 – 1 478[19]
RSGC1-F01 1 435[18] L/Teff
VY Canis Majoris 1 420[20][21] – 1 679[22]
KY Cygni 1 420 – 2 850[20]
AH Scorpii 1 411 ± 124[6]
IRAS 05280-6910 1 367[10] – 1 739[23] L/Teff Nachádza sa vo Veľkom Magellanovom mraku
IRAS 04509-6922 1 360[24] L/Teff
HV 888 1 353[13] L/Teff
V1302 Aquilae 1 342[22]
HR 5171 A 1 315[25] – 1 575[26]
SMC 18136 1 310[27] L/Teff
Garnetová hviezda (Mí Cephei) 1 260[28] – 1 650[29] L/Teff a AD
SP77 46-44 (WOH S341) 1 258[13] L/Teff
Westerlund 1-237 1 241 ± 70[30] L/Teff Nachádza sa v masívnej otvorenej hviezdokope Westerlund 1
BI Cygni 1 240[20]
LMC 136042 1 240[27] L/Teff
SMC 5092 1 220[27] L/Teff
S Persei 1 212 ± 124[31] DSKE
LMC 135720 1 200[27]
LMC 175464 1 200[27]
NML Cygni 1 183[22]
EV Carinae 1 168[13]
BC Cygni 1 140[20] – 1 230[28]
SMC 10889 1 130[27]
RT Carinae 1 090[20]
V396 Centauri 1 070[20]
SMC 893 1 070[27]
Obežná dráha Jupitera 1 064 – 1 173
PZ Cassiopeiae 1 062[7] – 1 260[32]
CK Carinae 1 060[20]
VV Cephei A 1 050[33] – 1 400[34]
V1789 Cygni 1 040[chýba zdroj]
KW Sagittarii 1 009[6] – 1 460[20]
NR Vulpeculae 0 980[20]
SMC 12322 0 980[27]
HV 2561 0 957[13]
HV 916 0 944[13]
IX Carinae 0 920[20]
HV 996 0 894[13]
OH 104.9+2.4 (RAFGL 2885) 0 891[22]
HV 12501 0 890[13]
Betelgeuse (Alfa Orionis) 0 887 ± 203[35]
V437 Scuti (OH 26.5+0.6) 0 874[22]
LL Pegasi 0 869[22]
HV 986 0 867[13]
V602 Carinae 0 860[20]
V669 Cassiopeiae 0 859[22]
Westerlund 1-20 0 858 ± 48[30] L/Teff Nachádza sa v masívnej otvorenej hviezdokope Westerlund 1
HV 2360 0 857[13]
HV 5870 0 856[13]
VX Sagittarii 0 853[22] – 1 520[36]
RAFGL 5379 0 830[22]
SMC 11709 0 830[27]
LP Andromedae 0 815[22]
TZ Cassiopeiae 0 800[20]
BO Carinae 0 790[20]
SU Persei 0 780[20]
RS Persei 0 770[37] – 1 000[20]
TV Geminorum 0 770[20]
V355 Cephei 0 770[20]
HD 95687 0 760[20]
V838 Monocerotis 0 750 ± 200[38]
SMC 11939 0 750[27]
V382 Carinae 0 747[39]
Westerlund 1-75 0 722 ± 36[30] L/Teff Nachádza sa v masívnej otvorenej hviezdokope Westerlund 1
V648 Cassiopeiae 0 710[20]
V528 Carinae 0 700[20]
Ďalšie hviezdy pod 700 R sú vypísané len niektoré pre porovnanie.
V354 Cephei 0 689[36] – 1 520[20]
V821 Herculis (IRC +20370) 0 686[22]
Antares (Alfa Scorpii) 0 680[40] (premenná o 19 %[41])
RW Cygni 0 680[28] – 980[20]
6 Geminorum 0 670[20]
Ró Cassiopeiae 0 660,87[42]
V441 Persei 0 650[20]
TZ Cassiopeiae 0 645[28] – 800[20]
RW Leonis Minoris 0 641[22]
V349 Carinae 0 640[20]
R Hydrae 0 631[22]
NO Aurigae 0 630[20]
W Persei 0 620[20]
BU Persei 0 620[20]
BD+35°4077 0 620 – 1 040[20]
NV Aurigae 0 615[22]
V589 Cassiopeiae 0 610[20]
V Hydrae 0 609[22]
X Pavonis 0 608[22]
MZ Cassiopeiae 0 600[20]
V356 Cephei 0 590[20]
V419 Cephei 0 590[20]
GU Cephei 0 570[20]
SMC 13740 0 550[27]
II Lupi 0 547[22]
V361 Carinae 0 540[20]
SMC 11101 0 540[27]
119 Tauri 0 539,580[43] – 593[44]
V1300 Aquilae (IRC -10529) 0 529[22]
WX Piscium 0 520[22]
V774 Cassiopeiae 0 520[20]
Y1 Aurigae 0 511[chýba zdroj]
T Persei 0 510 ± 20[37]
V1427 Aquilae (RAFGL 2343) 0 507[22]
V362 Aurigae 0 500[20]
V384 Puppis 0 500 – 850[20]
YZ Persei 0 491,92[45] – 540[20]
OH 44.8-2.3 (RAFGL 2374) 0 467[22]
TX Camelopardalis 0 460[22]
J Cassiopeiae 0 460[chýba zdroj]
IK Tauri 0 451[22]
HD 303250 0 450,89[45] – 750[20]
Pí1 Gruis 0 447[22]
V910 Centauri 0 440[20]
DU Crucis 0 429,82[45] L/Teff Nachádza sa v otvorenej hviezdokope Šperkovnica
V778 Cassiopeiae 0 420[20]
W Aquilae 0 419[22]
BD+10°3764 0 410[20]
NX Serpentis 0 403[22]
V Cygni 0 402[22]
V509 Cassiopeiae 0 400 – 900[46]
CW Leonis 0 390 – 826[22]
R Doradus 0 370 ± 50[47]
Mira A (Omikron Ceti) 0 332 – 402[48] – 541[22]
T Cephei 0 329 ± 60[49]
GLMP 1048 (IRAS 21554+6204) 0 311[22]
R Cassiopeiae 0 310[22]
La Superba (Y Canum Venaticorum) 0 307[22] – 390 Gaia DR2 uvádza len 128,60 R[45]
BD+59°274 0 299,80[45] – 360[20] Nachádza sa v otvorenej hviezdokope Messier 103
R Leonis 0 299[22]
ST Cephei 0 290[20]
V438 Ophiuchi 0 286[22]
Ras Algethi (Alfa Herculis) 0 284[50] ± 60[51]
V466 Cassiopeiae 0 257,22[45] – 380[20]
Slnko vo fáze červeného obra 0 256[52]
V439 Persei 0 254,06[45] – 380[20]
HD 74180 (b Velorum) 0 250,49[53]
Cygnus OB2 #12 0 246[54] L/Teff Nachádza sa v hviezdnej asociácii Cygnus OB2
Eta Carinae 0 240[55]
W Hydrae 0 229[22] – 560[56]
HD 91056 0 227,17[45] L/Teff
V809 Cassiopeiae 0 223,10[45] – 410[20]
SW Virginis 0 219,06[45] – 327,791[43] Na tomto prípade je možné vidieť odchýlky v meraní družice Gaia kvôli astrometrickému rušeniu, nakoľko obidva polomery pochádzajú z jej pozorovaní.
Omikron Centauri 0 217,49[57]
BH Crucis 0 215,63[45] L/Teff
Obežná dráha Zeme 0 215 (211 – 219)
UX Cassiopeiae 0 204,33[45] L/Teff
RR Cygni 0 202,22[45] L/Teff
Wezen (Delta Canis Majoris) 0 201,74[58] Nachádza sa v otvorenej hviezdokope Collinder 121
Obývateľná zóna Slnečnej sústavy 0 200 – 520[59] (neisté)
Sigma Canis Majoris 0 187,66[60] – 420[20] Nachádza sa v otvorenej hviezdokope Collinder 121
V403 Persei 0 185,64[45] – 380[20]
Enif (Epsilon Pegasi) 0 185[61]
Omikron1 Canis Majoris 0 184,61[45] 280[20] Nachádza sa v otvorenej hviezdokope Collinder 121
SV Cygni 0 181,85[45] L/Teff
RS Cygni 0 178,92[45] L/Teff
OH 55.0+0.7 (RAFGL 2403) 0 174[22]
Case 30 0 173,81[45] L/Teff
BD+59°372 0 156,99[45] – 290[20]
U Antliae 0 154,23[45] – 325[22]
Obežná dráha Venuše 0 154 – 157
HD 17958 0 152,70[45] – 360[20]
V424 Lacertae 0 152,63[62] – 260[20] Ďalší zdroj uvádza 221,28 R[45]
RV Cygni 0 151,92[45] L/Teff
Sadr (Gama Cygni) 0 150[63]
V Aquilae 0 144,52[45] L/Teff
Suhail (Lambda Velorum) 0 143,73[64]
Almaaz (Epsilon Aurigae) 0 143 – 358[65]
RY Cygni 0 141,72[45] L/Teff
R Sculptoris 0 138,61[45] – 617[22]
VY Ursae Majoris 0 134,34[45] L/Teff
HO Andromedae 0 124,89[45] L/Teff
Avior (Epsilon Carinae) 0 120,55[66]
Arneb (Alfa Leporis) 0 120,05[67]
TX Piscium 0 117,08[45] L/Teff
V Ursae Minoris 0 116,47[45] L/Teff
S Scuti 0 114,70[45] – 386[22]
HD 19557 0 111,38[45] L/Teff
157 Carinae (l Carinae, HD 84810) 0 111,06[68]
Case 715 0 111,06[45] L/Teff
HD 63032 (c Puppis) 0 111,02[45] – 169,84[69] Nachádza sa v otvorenej hviezdokope NGC 2451
NGC 104 R 21 0 108,88[45] Nachádza sa v guľovej hviezdokope 47 Tucanae
SZ Cygni 0 106,92[45] L/Teff
Chi Cygni 0 105,78[70] – 737[22]
Deneb (Alfa Cygni) 0 102,97[71] – 203[72]
Pod 100 R sú vypísané len známe hviezdy pre porovnanie alebo hviezdy, ktorým nejaký zdroj udáva pod 100 R a iný nad 100 R.
U Hydrae 0 096[45] – 395[22]
CPD-53°8708 0 092,83[45] Nachádza sa v guľovej hviezdokope NGC 6397
CD-53°6474 0 092,12[45] – 100[20]
HD 33299 0 092,10[45] – 190[20] Ďalší zdroj uvádza 142,21 R[73]
RZ Sagittarii 0 090,77[45] – 363[22]
KQ Puppis 0 087,11[74] – 327,39[45]
R Coronae Borealis 0 085[75] Gaia DR2 uvádza len 23,66 R[45]
72 Leonis 0 084,47[76] – 195[77]
Gacrux (Gama Crucis) 0 084[78]
R Scuti 0 084[22] – 140,51[79]
RX Bootis 0 083,41[45] – 347[22]
Alamak (Gama Andromedae) 0 080,31[80]
Theta Muscae 0 079,18[81]
Rigel (Beta Orionis) 0 078,9[82]
HR 8248 (HD 205349) 0 077,17[83] – 200[20] Ďalší zdroj uvádza 139,56 R[45]
S Centauri 0 077,04[45] – 152,49[84]
242 Centauri (HD 118520) 0 076,83[45] – 105,77[85] Nachádza sa v otvorenej hviezdokope Platais 10
Mekbuda (Zéta Geminorum) 0 076,23[86]
CPD-53°7364 0 076,09[45] – 100[20]
NGC 6752 59 0 076[45] L/Teff Nachádza sa v guľovej hviezdokope NGC 6752
TU Leonis Minoris 0 075,31[45] L/Teff
HD 174878 0 074,47[45] L/Teff
VZ Persei 0 072,94[45] L/Teff Nachádza sa v otvorenej hviezdokope Trumpler 2
SX Ursae Minoris 0 072,38[45] L/Teff
227 Centauri (d Cen, HD 117440) 0 070,13[87]
TT Ursae Minoris 0 070,10[45] L/Teff
DY Persei 0 069,76[45] L/Teff
R Leporis 0 067,72[45] L/Teff
ST Ursae Majoris 0 067,22[88] – 113,92[45]
SV Ursae Majoris 0 067,09[45] L/Teff
NGC 6397 K 8958 0 066,98[45] L/Teff Nachádza sa v guľovej hviezdokope NGC 6397
Obežná dráha Merkúra 0 066 – 100
Eta Aquilae 0 065,92[89]
HD 60336 0 065,63[45] L/Teff
Canopus (Alfa Carinae) 0 065,27[90] – 71[91]
Lambda Ursae Minoris 0 063,75[45]
Azaleh (Zeta Aurigae) 0 063,04[92] – 90,11[45]
SV Ursae Minoris 0 061,80[45]
RR Ursae Minoris 0 059,79[45]
59 Sagittarii 0 059,44[93] – 100,19[45]
CD-53°7346 0 057,32[45] Nachádza sa v guľovej hviezdokope NGC 6397
NGC 6752 CL 1089 0 056,44[45] Nachádza sa v guľovej hviezdokope NGC 6752
Propus (Éta Geminorum) 0 056[94]
Mirfak (Alfa Persei) 0 055,84[95]
Menkar (Alfa Ceti) 0 054,02[96]
Beta Doradus 0 050,87[97]
TYC 8729-1775-1 0 049,82[45] Nachádza sa v guľovej hviezdokope NGC 6397
Etamin (Gama Draconis, Eltanin) 0 048,13[98]
258 Sagittarii 0 046,19[99]
Beta Gruis 0 046,12[100]
Aspidiske (Ióta Carinae) 0 046,07[101]
LBV 1806-20 0 046 – 145[102]
Scheat (Beta Pegasi) 0 045,78[103]
Mirach (Beta Andromedae) 0 045,62[104]
Al Tarf (Beta Cancri) 0 045,30[45] – 61[105] Ďalší zdroj uvádza 48,96 R[106]
196 Carinae (s Carinae, HD 90853) 0 045,05[45] – 48,67[107]
HD 124730 0 044,47[45]
Aldebaran (Alfa Tauri) 0 044,13[108] ± 0,84[106]
Albireo A1 (Beta Cygni A1) 0 044,05[109]
Miram (Éta Persei) 0 044[110] – 121[111] Ďalší zdroj uvádza 103,67 R[45]
S Carinae 0 043,23[112] – 53,87[45]
Tejat Posterior (Mí Geminorum) 0 042,46[113]
Schedar (Alfa Cassiopeiae) 0 042,10[114]
AV Microscopii 0 041,40[115] – 77,51[45]
62 Sagittarii 0 041,24[116] – 72,31[45]
HD 306799 0 041,05[117] – 320[20] Ďalší zdroj uvádza 220,12 R[45]
Alfard (Alfa Hydrae) 0 041[118] – 55,93[106]
Gorgonea Tertia (Ró Persei) 0 040,67[119]
T Ceti 0 039,42[120] – 312[22]
Gianfar (Lambda Draconis) 0 038,90[121] – 57,33[45]
NGC 6752 CS 3 0 037,85[45] Nachádza sa v guľovej hviezdokope NGC 6752
Tania Australis (Mí Ursae Majoris) 0 037,51[122]
Polárka (Alfa Ursae Minoris) 0 037,50[123][124]
BM Scorpii 0 037,01[125] – 100[20] Ďalší zdroj uvádza 91,86 R[45]
R Centauri 0 035,31[126]
Alula Borealis (Ní Ursae Majoris) 0 034,38[45] – 57,07[106] Ďalší zdroj uvádza 44,15 R[127]
Zaurak (Gama Eridani) 0 033,67[128]
T Coronae Borealis 0 033,66[45] – 75
FS Comae Berenices 0 033,43[129] – 140,69[45]
Sigma Scorpii 0 033,10[130]
Gama Sagittae 0 032,96[131] – 55,13[106]
Yed Prior (Delta Ophiuchi) 0 031,71[132]
T Centauri 0 031,69[45] – 43,35[133]
Alfa Lyncis 0 030,10[134] – 54,50[106]
Kochab (Beta Ursae Minoris) 0 029,25[135]
R136a1 0 028,80[136][137] – 35,40[138]
5 Ursae Minoris 0 028,66[139] – 42,29[45]
D Centauri 0 027,35[140] – 42,83[45]
Auva (Delta Virginis) 0 026,79[141]
HD 1 0 026,64[45] L/Teff
Arktúr (Alfa Boötis) 0 025,40[142] ± 0,2[143]
Alfa Vulpeculae 0 022,79[144] – 48,86[45]
V1339 Cygni 0 022,31[145] – 95,09[45]
V744 Centauri 0 021,74[146] – 107,65[45]
R Trianguli 0 021,39[147]
RR Scorpii 0 021,35[148]
Fí Velorum 0 020,36[149]
G Herculis 0 019,27[150] – 171[22] Ďalší zdroj uvádza 69,71 R[45]
BD+59°273 0 019,13[45] Nachádza sa v otvorenej hviezdokope Messier 103
Regor (Gama Velorum) 0 018,12[151]
Mintaka (Delta Orionis) 0 016,50[152]
Deneb Kaitos (Beta Ceti) 0 015,26[153]
RS Cancri 0 015,19[154] – 225,396[43] Ďalší zdroj uvádza 77,22 R[45]
Naos (Zéta Puppis) 0 014 – 26[155]
Capella (Alfa Aurigae) 0 013,28[156]
Theta Apodis 0 013,01[157]
VV Cephei B 0 013[158] – 25[159]
Hadar (Beta Centauri) 0 013[160]
Zeta Ophiuchi 0 012,97[161]
AA Trianguli 0 012,85[162] – 92,11[45]
Zubenelhakrabi (Gama Librae) 0 010,95[163] – 13,09[45]
EP Aquarii 0 010,76[164] – 291[22] Ďalší zdroj uvádza 87,47 R[45]
Akrab 0 010,55[165]
HDE 226868 (Cygnus X-1) 0 010,13[166] – 22[167]
(– 56,60[45])
Ďalší zdroj uvádza 52,031 R[168]
X Herculis 0 009,80[169] – 98,25[45]
Alnitak (Zéta Orionis) 0 007,61[170]
Almaaz B (Epsilon Aurigae B) 0 003,9 ± 0,4[171]
Slnko 0 001

Galéria[upraviť | upraviť zdroj]

Postupnosť porovnaní rozmerov planét Slnečnej sústavy a niektorých z najväčších známych hviezd. Objekty sú v rovnakej mierke len v rámci jedného políčka. Posledný objekt z predchádzajúceho políčka je prvým objektom nasledovného.
1. Merkúr < Mars < Venuša < Zem
2. Zem < Neptún < Urán < Saturn < Jupiter
3. Jupiter < Proxima Centauri < Slnko < Sírius
4. Sírius < Pollux < Arktúr < Aldebaran
5. Aldebaran < Rigel < Antares < Betelgeuze
6. Betelgeuze < VY Canis Majoris < NML Cygni < UY Scuti
Predpokladaná veľkosť červeného hyperobra VY Canis Majoris (1 420 R) v súhvezdí Veľký pes v porovnaní so Slnkom (1 R)








Referencie[upraviť | upraviť zdroj]

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