jmn

Translingual

Symbol

jmn

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Makuri Naga.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Makuri Naga terms

Egyptian

Other romanization schemes

Manuel de Codage	imn
Gardiner 1927	ꞽmn
Erman & Grapow 1926	ꞽmn
Lepsius 1874 (obsolete)	ȧmen

Etymology 1

Compare Arabic ء م ن (ʔ m n) and Hebrew א־מ־ן (ʾ-m-n).

Pronunciation

 

• (proper noun): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /jaˈmaːnuw/ → /jaˈmaːnuw/ → /ʔaˈmaːnə/ → /ʔaˈmoːn/

• (proper noun): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /jaˈmaːnuw/
• (proper noun): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /jaˈmaːnuw/
• (proper noun): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʔaˈmaːnə/
• (proper noun): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʔaˈmoːn/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /imɛn/
  • Conventional anglicization: amen

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive or reflexive) to hide, to conceal, to make secret (+ r: from (someone); + m: in (something))
2. (intransitive) to hide, to be(come) hidden or secret
3. (intransitive, by extension) to be(come) rare or precious [Greco-Roman Period]
4. (transitive) to create, form, shape (in a cosmic, divine sense) [Pyramid Texts and 18th Dynasty]

Usage notes

Often used with a following noun to mean ‘one who/which hides…’, ‘one with a hidden…’.

Inflection

Conjugation of jmn (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jmn, geminated stem: jmnn

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural jmn jmnw, jmn jmnt jmn jmn ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 jmn ḥr jmn m jmn r jmn suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect jmn.n jmnw, jmn consecutive jmn.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative jmnt perfective3 jmn active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 jmn.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective jmn active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 jmn jmnn potentialis1 jmn.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive jmn active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect jmn.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective jmn active + .tj1, .tw2 jmn jmn, jmnw5, jmny5 imperfective jmn, jmny, jmnw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 jmn, jmnj6, jmny6 jmn, jmnw5 prospective jmn, jmntj7 — jmntj4, jmnt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jmn  

jmn	jmn	jmn	jmn	jmn	jmn	jmjn
[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom and 18th Dynasty]	[Middle Kingdom]	[19th Dynasty]	[Late Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]
				abbreviation

Derived terms

• jmnyt (“daily offerings”)
• jmn-ꜥ
• jmnw (“a bringer of disease; secret”)
• jmn-m-ḥꜣt
• jmn-nṯrw
• jmn-rn
• jmn-rn.f
• jmnt (“hiding place; secret”)

Descendants

• Demotic: jmn, ꜣmn

Adjective

1. perfective active participle of jmn: hidden, secret, precious

Inflection

Declension of jmn (perfective active participle)

	masculine	feminine
singular	jmn	jmnt
dual	jmnwj	jmntj
plural	jmnw	jmnwt1, jmnt2

¹ Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
² From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms

See under the verb above.

Derived terms

See under the verb above.

Noun

 m

1. an epithet of various gods: hidden one, secret one

Noun

 m

1. a priestly title: hidden one, secret one [Greco-Roman Period]

Proper noun

Relief carving, Medinet Habu, c. 1150 BC

 m

1. Amun, a primeval god, personification of the hiddenness of the primeval waters, worshipped at Hermopolis as a member of the Ogdoad [since the Pyramid Texts]

   Coordinate terms: jmnt, nnw, nnwt, kkw, kkwt, ḥḥw, ḥḥwt

2. Amun, a god worshipped at Thebes as a member of the Theban Triad, and seen as the king of the gods [since the Middle Kingdom]

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jmn  

jmn	jmn	jmn	jmnw	jmn	jmn	jmn
				[Greco-Roman Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]

Derived terms

• jmn-jpt
• jmn-m-jpt
• jmn-m-jpt-swt
• jmn-ms
• jmn-nb-nswt-tꜣwj
• jmn-nḫt
• jmn-rꜥ
• jmn-rꜥ-nswt-nṯrw
• jmn-ḥtp
• jmnt
• ꜥnḫ.s-n-jmn
• mry-jmn
• mryt-jmn
• rwḏ-jmn
• zꜣ-jmn
• sḫm-ꜥnḫ-jmn
• tꜣnwꜣtj-jmn
• tꜣ-nt-jmn
• twt-ꜥnḫ-jmn
• twt-ꜥnḫ-jmn-ḥqꜣ-jwnw-šmꜥw
• ḏḏt-jmn

Descendants

• Demotic: jmn
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲟⲩⲛ (amoun)
    • → English: Amun
    • → Ancient Greek: Ἀμοῦν (Amoûn)
  • → Ancient Greek: Ἄμμων (Ámmōn)
    • → Coptic: ⲁⲙⲙⲱⲛ (ammōn)
• → Meroitic: 𐦠𐦨𐦩𐦢 (amni /⁠amani⁠/)
• → Middle Babylonian: [Term?] (/⁠amâna⁠/), [Term?] (/⁠amûnu⁠/)

Proper noun

 m

1. a minor god in the form of a snake worshipped at Prosopis and Thebes [Theban Royal Tombs and Greco-Roman Period]

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jmn  

jmn	jmjnj
	[Greco-Roman Period]

Etymology 2

From Proto-Afroasiatic *yamin-. Cognate with Proto-Semitic *yamīn- (“right”).

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /jaˈmiːnij/ → /jaˈmiːnij/ → /ʔaˈmiːnə/ → /ʔaˈmiːn/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /jaˈmiːnij/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /jaˈmiːnij/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʔaˈmiːnə/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʔaˈmiːn/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /imɛn/
  • Conventional anglicization: amen

Adjective

1. right (direction) [Pyramid Texts]

   Synonym: wnmj

2. western

Usage notes

This word was chiefly used in very old texts, and early on replaced by wnmj.

Inflection

Declension of jmn (perfective active participle)

	masculine	feminine
singular	jmn	jmnt
dual	jmnwj	jmntj
plural	jmnw	jmnwt1, jmnt2

¹ Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
² From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jmn  

jmn	jmn	jmn	jmn

Antonyms

• jꜣbj
• jꜣbtj

Noun

 m

1. right side [Pyramid Texts]

   ― ḥr jmn ― to the right

   ― m jmn ― to the right

2. the West

   Synonyms: jmnt, jmntt

Alternative forms

See under the adjective above.

Derived terms

• jmnt (“the West (as a place or as a goddess)”)
• jmntj (“western; westerly wind; person of the west, the dead”)
• jmntt (“the West, western land, necropolis”)

Etymology 3

From j- +‎ mn (“to be established, to remain”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /imɛn/
  • Conventional anglicization: amen

Noun

 m

1. Only used in jrj jmn (“to make one’s abode, to sojourn”): abode, place of stay [Pyramid Texts]

Derived terms

• jrj jmn

References

• “jmn (lemma ID 26030)”, “jmn (lemma ID 26020)”, “jmn (lemma ID 26040)”, “jmn (lemma ID 26050)”, “Jmn (lemma ID 26060)”, “Jmn (lemma ID 26070)”, “jmn (lemma ID 26080)”, and “jmn (lemma ID 854325)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 83.4–83.6, 83.12–84.7, 84.15–85.2, 85.11–85.16
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 21
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 186, 280.